Uma kuziwa ezindabeni zebhizinisi, ukuqonda ukunethezeka kokwenziwa kwe-semiconductor kuyadingeka. I-semiconductor wafer iyingxenye ebalulekile kulo mkhakha, kodwa ngokuvamile ibhekana nokungcoliswa okuvela ekungcoleni okuhlukahlukene. Lokhu kungcola, kufaka phakathi i-athomu, i-organic matter, i-metallic element ion,...
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