Chiziviso chemupepeti: Tekinoroji yemagetsi ndiyo ramangwana renyika yakasvibira, uye tekinoroji yebhatiri ndiyo hwaro hwetekinoroji yemagetsi uye kiyi yekumisa hukuru-hukuru hwekuvandudza tekinoroji yemagetsi. Ikozvino mainstream bhatiri tekinoroji ndeye lithium-ion mabhatiri, ane yakanaka simba density uye yakanyanya kushanda. Nekudaro, lithium chinhu chisingawanzo nemutengo wakakwira uye zviwanikwa zvishoma. Panguva imwecheteyo, sezvo kushandiswa kwemasimba emagetsi anovandudzwa achikura, simba remagetsi e-lithium-ion mabhatiri haasati akwana. kuita sei? Mayank Jain akatora mamwe matekinoroji ebhatiri anogona kushandiswa mune ramangwana. Chinyorwa chekutanga chakaburitswa pakati nepakati chine musoro unoti: Ramangwana reBattery Technology
Nyika izere nesimba, uye tiri kuita zvose zvatinogona kuti tibate uye tishandise simba iroro zvakanaka. Kunyange zvazvo takaita basa riri nani mukuchinja kune simba rinovandudzwa, hatina kufambira mberi zvakanyanya mukuchengetedza simba.
Parizvino, chiyero chepamusoro chebhatiri tekinoroji ndeye lithium-ion mabhatiri. Iri bhatiri rinoita seine yakanyanya simba density, yakanyanya kunaka (inenge 99%), uye hupenyu hurefu.
Saka chii chakaipa? Sezvo simba rinovandudzwa ratinotora richiramba richikura, simba remagetsi e-lithium-ion mabhatiri haachakwani.
Sezvo isu tichigona kuramba tichigadzira mabhatiri mumabheti, izvi hazviratidzi sechinhu chikuru, asi dambudziko nderekuti lithium isimbi isingawanzo, saka mutengo wayo hausi wakaderera. Kunyangwe mutengo wekugadzira bhatiri uri kudonha, kudiwa kwekuchengetedza simba kuri kuwedzerawo nekukurumidza.
Isu tasvika pane imwe nguva iyo kana lithium ion bhatiri yagadzirwa, ichava nekukanganisa kukuru kuindasitiri yesimba.
Kuwanda kwesimba remafuta efossil ichokwadi, uye ichi chinhu chikuru chinofurira chinotadzisa shanduko kusvika pakutsamira kuzere pasimba rinogonekazve. Tinoda mabhatiri anobudisa simba rakawanda kudarika uremu hwedu.
Iyo lithium-ion mabhatiri anoshanda sei
Iyo inoshanda mabhatiri e lithium yakafanana neyakajairwa AA kana AAA kemikari mabhatiri. Vane anode uye cathode terminals, uye electrolyte pakati. Kusiyana nemabhatiri akajairwa, maitiro ekubuda mubhatiri re lithium-ion anodzokororwa, saka bhatiri rinogona kudzokororwa kakawanda.
Iyo cathode (+ terminal) inogadzirwa ne lithium iron phosphate, iyo anode (-terminal) inogadzirwa negraphite, uye graphite inogadzirwa nekabhoni. Magetsi ndiko kungoyerera kwemaerekitironi. Aya mabhatiri anogadzira magetsi nekufambisa lithium ions pakati peanode uye cathode.
Kana yakachajwa, maion anoenda kune anode, uye kana aburitswa, maion anomhanyira kune cathode.
Kufamba kwemaion uku kunokonzeresa kufamba kwemaerekitironi mudunhu, saka kufamba kwe lithium ion uye kufamba kweelectron zvine hukama.
Silicon anode bhatiri
Mazhinji makambani makuru emotokari seBMW anga achidyara mukuvandudza mabhatiri esilicon anode. Sezvakangoita mabhatiri e-lithium-ion, mabhatiri aya anoshandisa lithium anode, asi panzvimbo yekabhoni-based anode, anoshandisa silicon.
Seanode, silicon iri nani pane graphite nekuti inoda 4 carbon atomu kubata lithium, uye 1 silicon atomu inogona kubata 4 lithium ions. Uku kukwidziridzwa kukuru ... kugadzira silicon kusimba zvakapetwa katatu kupfuura graphite.
Zvakangodaro, kushandiswa kwe lithium kuchiri bakatwa rinocheka kaviri. Nyaya iyi ichiri kudhura, asi zvakare zvakareruka kuendesa zvivakwa zvekugadzira kune silicon maseru. Kana mabhatiri akasiyana zvachose, fekitari ichafanirwa kugadziriswa zvachose, izvo zvichaita kuti kukwezva kwekuchinja kuderedzwa zvishoma.
Silicon anode inogadzirwa nekurapa jecha kuti ibudise silicon yakachena, asi dambudziko guru rinosangana nevatsvakurudzi parizvino nderekuti silicon anode inozvimba kana ikashandiswa. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti bhatiri riderere nekukurumidza. Izvo zvakare zvakaoma kumisa kubudisa anodes.
Graphene bhatiri
Graphene imhando yekabhoni flake inoshandisa zvinhu zvakafanana nepenzura, asi zvinotora nguva yakawanda kuisa graphite kune maflakes. Graphene inorumbidzwa nekuda kwekuita kwayo kwakanakisa mumakesi mazhinji ekushandisa, uye mabhatiri ndeimwe yacho.
Mamwe makambani ari kushanda pamabhatiri e<em>graphene anogona kuchajwa zvizere mumaminitsi uye obuda ka33 nekukurumidza kupfuura mabhatiri e-lithium-ion. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru kumotokari dzemagetsi.
Foam bhatiri
Parizvino, mabhatiri echinyakare ane maviri-dimensional. Iwo anogona kunge akaturikidzana se lithium bhatiri kana kupetwa seyakajairwa AA kana lithium-ion bhatiri.
Iyo foam bhatiri ipfungwa nyowani inosanganisira kufamba kwemagetsi kuchaja munzvimbo ye3D.
Ichi 3-dimensional chimiro chinogona kumhanyisa nguva yekuchaja uye kuwedzera kuwanda kwesimba, aya akanyanya kukosha hunhu hwebhatiri. Kuenzaniswa nemamwe mabhatiri mazhinji, mabhatiri efoam haana anokuvadza emvura electrolytes.
Mabhatiri efoam anoshandisa maelectrolyte akasimba panzvimbo pemvura electrolytes. Iyi electrolyte haingoiti lithium ions chete, asiwo inodzivirira zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.
Anode inobata chaji yebhatiri yakaipa inogadzirwa nemhangura ine furo uye yakaputirwa neinodiwa inoshanda zvinhu.
Iyo yakasimba electrolyte inobva yaiswa kumativi anode.
Pakupedzisira, iyo inonzi "positive paste" inoshandiswa kuzadza mapeji mukati mebheteri.
Aluminium Oxide Battery
Aya mabhatiri ane rimwe remasimba makuru emagetsi kune chero bhatiri. Simba rayo rine simba uye rakareruka kupfuura ikozvino lithium-ion mabhatiri. Vamwe vanhu vanoti mabhatiri aya anogona kupa zviuru zviviri zvemakiromita emotokari dzemagetsi. Pfungwa iyi ndeipi? Nekureva, iyo yakakura yekufamba rwendo rweTesla ingangoita 600 makiromita.
Dambudziko remabhatiri aya nderekuti haakwanise kuchajwa. Vanogadzira aluminium hydroxide uye kusunungura simba kuburikidza nekuita kwealuminium uye oksijeni mumvura-based electrolyte. Kushandiswa kwemabhatiri kunopedza aluminium seanode.
Sodium bhatiri
Parizvino, masayendisiti echiJapan ari kushanda mukugadzira mabhatiri anoshandisa sodium pane lithium.
Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa, sezvo mabhatiri esodium ari theoretically 7 times more active than lithium mabhatiri. Imwe bhenefiti yakakura ndeyekuti sodium ndiyo yechitanhatu yakapfuma pane matura epasi, zvichienzaniswa ne lithium, inova chinhu chisingawanikwe.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-02-2019