Kugadzirira maitiro e carbon fiber composite zvinhu

Mhedziso yeCarbon-Carbon Composite Materials

Carbon/carbon (C/C) composite materialndeye kabhoni faibha yakasimbiswa inoumbwa zvinhu ine zvakatevedzana zvezvakanakisa zvivakwa senge simba rakakwirira uye modulus, chiedza chakananga giravhiti, diki yekupisa yekuwedzera kwemafuta, corrosion resistance, thermal shock resistance, good friction resistance, uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari. Irwo rudzi rutsva rwe-ultra-high tembiricha composite zvinhu.

C/C inoumbwa zvinhundeye yakanakisa yekupisa chimiro-inoshanda yakasanganiswa engineering zvinhu. Kufanana nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakwirira-zvinoshanda zvakaumbwa, iyo inoumbwa dhizaini inoumbwa nefiber-yakasimbiswa chikamu uye chikamu chakakosha. Musiyano ndewekuti zvese chikamu chakasimbiswa uye chikamu chekutanga chinoumbwa nekabhoni yakachena ine yakakosha zvivakwa.

Carbon/carbon composite zvinhuzvinonyanya kugadzirwa nekabhoni inonzwa, kabhoni jira, kabhoni faibha sokusimbisa, uye mhute yakaiswa kabhoni sematrix, asi ine chinhu chimwe chete, inova kabhoni. Kuti uwedzere kuwanda, iyo kabhoni inogadzirwa necarbonization inopinzwa nekabhoni kana kuisirwa neresin (kana asphalt), kureva, kabhoni / kabhoni composite zvinhu zvinogadzirwa neatatu kabhoni zvinhu.

Kugadzira maitiro ecarbon-carbon composite zvinhu

1) Sarudzo yekabhoni fiber

Kusarudzwa kwekabhoni fiber bundles uye dhizaini yekugadzira machira efiber ndiyo hwaro hwekugadziraC/C mubatanidzwa. Iwo emakanika zvivakwa uye thermophysical zvimiro zveC / C zvinosanganisirwa zvinogona kutariswa nekusarudza zvine hungwaru mhando dzefiber uye machira ekuruka ma paramita, senge shinda bundle kuronga kurongeka, shinda bundle spacing, shinda bundle vhoriyamu zvemukati, nezvimwe.

2) Kugadzirira kwekabhoni fiber preform

Carbon fiber preform inoreva isina chinhu chinoumbwa kuita chinodiwa chimiro chefiber zvichienderana nechimiro chechigadzirwa uye kuita zvinodiwa kuitira kuita densification maitiro. Pane nzira nhatu huru dzekugadzirisa dzezvikamu zvakafanogadzirwa: kuruka nyoro, kuruka zvakaoma uye kuruka kwakapfava uye kwakaoma kwakasanganiswa. Makurukwa makuru ndeaya: kuruka shinda yakaoma, gadziriro yeboka retsvimbo isati yaiswa, kurukwa zvakanaka, kurukwa kwefiber uye matatu-dimensional multi-directional kurukwa kwese. Parizvino, iyo huru yekuruka nzira inoshandiswa muC inoumbwa zvinhu ndeye matatu-dimensional yakazara-yakawanda-yakawanda kurukwa. Pakuruka, shinda dzese dzakarukwa dzakarongwa mune imwe nzira. Imwe neimwe fiber inomiswa pane imwe kona inoenderana neyayo uye inorukwa imwe neimwe kugadzira jira. Chimiro chayo ndechekuti inogona kugadzira matatu-dimensional akawanda-directional jira rakazara, iro rinogona kunyatso kudzora huwandu hwehuwandu hwefiber munzira imwe neimwe yeC / C inoumbwa zvinhu, kuitira kuti iyo C / C inoumbwa zvinhu igone kushandisa zvinonzwisisika michina zvivakwa. kumativi ose.

3) C / C densification maitiro

Iyo dhigirii uye kugona kwe densification inonyanya kukanganiswa nejira remachira uye maitiro paramita eiyo base zvinhu. Nzira dzekuita pari zvino dzinosanganisira impregnation carbonization, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), chemical vapor infiltration (CVI), chemical liquid deposition, pyrolysis nedzimwe nzira. Kune marudzi maviri makuru emaitiro ekuita: impregnation carbonization process uye kemikari vapor infiltration process.

Liquid phase impregnation-carbonization

Liquid phase impregnation nzira iri nyore mumidziyo uye ine hupamhi hwekushanda, saka fluid chikamu impregnation nzira inzira yakakosha yekugadzirira C/C composite zvinhu. Iko kunyudza iyo preform yakagadzirwa nekabhoni fiber mune yemvura isina nhumbu, uye kuita kuti iyo isina nhumbu ipinde zvizere muvoids ye preform nekumanikidza, uyezve kuburikidza neakatevedzana maitiro akadai sekurapa, carbonization, uye graphitization, pakupedzisira kuwana.C / C inoumbwa zvinhu. Kukanganisa kwayo ndeyekuti zvinotora kudzokororwa impregnation uye carbonization cycles kuti uwane izvo density zvinodiwa. Kuumbwa uye chimiro cheiyo impregnant mune yemvura chikamu impregnation nzira yakakosha. Izvo hazvingokanganisa kushanda kwe densification, asi zvakare zvinokanganisa ma mechanika uye emuviri zvimiro zvechigadzirwa. Kuvandudza goho re carbonization yeasina pamuviri uye kuderedza viscosity yeasina pamuviri yakagara iri imwe yenyaya dzinokosha dzinogadziriswa mukugadzirira kweC / C composite zvinhu ne liquid phase impregnation nzira. Iyo yakakwira viscosity uye yakaderera carbonization goho yeasina pamuviri ndechimwe chezvikonzero zvakakosha zvekudhura kwakanyanya kweC / C composite zvinhu. Kuvandudza kushanda kweasina pamuviri hakungogone kuvandudza kugadzirwa kweC / C composite zvinhu uye kuderedza mutengo wavo, asi zvakare kunatsiridza akasiyana siyana eC / C anoumbwa zvinhu. Anti-oxidation treatment yeC/C composite materials Carbon fiber inotanga kuita oxidize pa 360°C mumhepo. Graphite faibha iri nani zvishoma pane kabhoni faibha, uye tembiricha yayo oxidation inotanga kuita oxidize pa420°C. Oxidation tembiricha yeC/C inoumbwa zvinhu ingangoita 450°C. C / C composite zvinhu zviri nyore kwazvo kuita oxidize mune yakakwirira-tembiricha oxidative mamiriro, uye mwero weoxidation unowedzera nekukurumidza nekuwedzera kwekushisa. Kana pasina matanho ekurwisa oxidation, kushandiswa kwenguva refu kweC / C inoumbwa zvinhu munzvimbo yepamusoro-yekushisa oxidative kuchaita zvisingadzivisiki kukonzeresa njodzi. Naizvozvo, iyo anti-oxidation kurapwa kweC / C inoumbwa zvinhu yave chikamu chakakosha chegadziriro yayo yekugadzirira. Kubva pamaonero eiyo anti-oxidation tekinoroji, inogona kukamurwa kuita yemukati anti-oxidation tekinoroji uye anti-oxidation coating tekinoroji.

Chemical Vapor Phase

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD kana CVI) ndeyekuisa kabhoni zvakananga mumapores asina chinhu kuzadzisa chinangwa chekuzadza pores uye kuwedzera density. Iyo kabhoni yakaiswa iri nyore kuita graphitize, uye ine yakanaka kuenderana nefiber. Izvo hazvizodzikira panguva ye-re-carbonization senge nzira yekumisa, uye iyo yemuviri uye yemagetsi zvimiro zveiyi nzira zviri nani. Nekudaro, panguva yeCVD process, kana kabhoni ikaiswa pamusoro peiyo blank, inodzivirira gasi kuti risapararire mumukati pores. Iyo kabhoni yakaiswa pamusoro inofanira kubviswa zvine hunyanzvi uyezve kutenderera kutsva kwekuisa kunofanirwa kuitwa. Kune zvigadzirwa zvakakora, nzira yeCVD inewo mamwe matambudziko, uye kutenderera kweiyi nzira zvakare kureba.