Graphite electrode yakakwira tembiricha inodzivirira graphite conductive zvinhu inogadzirwa nepetroleum knead, tsono coke seyakaunganidzwa uye marasha bhitumeni sebinder, iyo inogadzirwa kuburikidza neakatevedzana maitiro senge kukanya, kuumba, kugocha, kupinza, graphitization uye mechanic processing. zvinhu.
Iyo graphite electrode chinhu chakakosha chepamusoro-tembiricha conductive zvinhu zvemagetsi simbi. Iyo graphite electrode inoshandiswa kuisa simba remagetsi kuchoto chemagetsi, uye tembiricha yakakwira inogadzirwa nearc pakati pekuguma kwe electrode uye kubhadharisa kunoshandiswa senzvimbo yekupisa kunyungudutsa mutero wekugadzira simbi. Mamwe mavhiri ematombo anonyungudutsa zvinhu zvakaita seyero phosphorous, silicon yeindasitiri, uye mabrasives anoshandisawo magraphite electrodes sezvinhu zvinoitisa. Iyo yakanakisa uye yakakosha yemuviri uye yemakemikari zvimiro zvegraphite electrode zvakare inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune mamwe maindasitiri zvikamu.
Izvo zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira magraphite electrode petroleum coke, tsono coke uye marasha tar pitch.
Petroleum coke chigadzirwa chakasimba chinopfuta chinowanikwa nekubikira marasha akasara uye petroleum pitch. Rudzi irworwo dema uye porous, chinhu chikuru kabhoni, uye madota akadzika kwazvo, kazhinji ari pasi pe0.5%. Petroleum coke ndeyekirasi nyore nyore graphitized kabhoni. Petroleum coke ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa mumakemikari uye metallurgical industries. Ndiyo huru yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvigadzirwa zve graphite uye kabhoni zvigadzirwa zve electrolytic aluminium.
Iyo petroleum coke inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: mbishi coke uye calcined coke zvinoenderana nekupisa kwekushisa kwekushisa. Iyo yaimbova petroleum coke yakawanikwa nekunonoka coking ine huwandu hukuru hwemhepo, uye simba remagetsi rakaderera. Iyo calcined coke inowanikwa nekuverengera coke mbishi. Mazhinji ekunatsa muChina anongogadzira coke chete, uye calcination mashandiro anowanzoitwa muzvirimwa zvekabhoni.
Petroleum coke inogona kupatsanurwa kuita sarufa coke yakakwira (ine inopfuura 1.5% sarufa), yepakati sulfur coke (ine 0.5% -1.5% sulfur), uye yakaderera sulfur coke (ine isingasviki 0.5% sulfur). Kugadzirwa kwemagraphite electrodes uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zve graphite zvekugadzira zvinowanzo gadzirwa uchishandisa yakaderera sulfur coke.
Tsono coke imhando yemhando yepamusoro coke ine yakajeka fibrous mameseji, yakaderera kwazvo yekupisa yekuwedzera coefficient uye nyore graphitization. Kana iyo coke yatyoka, inogona kupatsanurwa kuita mitsetse yakatetepa zvinoenderana nemanyorerwo (iyo chikamu chiyero chinowanzo pfuura 1.75). An anisotropic fibrous structure inogona kuonekwa pasi pe polarizing microscope, uye naizvozvo inonzi inonzi tsono coke.
Iyo anisotropy ye physico-mechanical zvimiro zvetsono coke zviri pachena. Iyo ine yakanaka yemagetsi uye yekupisa conductivity inopindirana neiyo refu axis kutungamira kwechikamu, uye iyo coefficient yekuwedzera kwemafuta yakaderera. Kana extrusion kuumbwa, iyo yakareba axis yezvimedu zvakawanda inorongwa mu extrusion direction. Naizvozvo, tsono coke ndiyo kiyi mbishi zvinhu zvekugadzira yakakwirira-simba kana Ultra-yakakwirira-simba graphite electrodes. Iyo graphite electrode inogadzirwa ine yakaderera resistivity, diki yekupisa yekuwedzera coefficient uye yakanaka yekupisa kutyisa kuramba.
Tsono coke yakakamurwa kuita mafuta-based tsono coke inogadzirwa kubva mupetroleum yasara uye marasha-based tsono coke inogadzirwa kubva kunatswa marasha pitch zvinhu.
Coal tar ndechimwe chezvigadzirwa zvikuru zvemarasha tar deep processing. Musanganiswa wemahydrocarboni akasiyana-siyana, dema pakupisa kwepamusoro, semi-yakasimba kana yakasimba pakupisa kwepamusoro, isina kunyungudika yakagadziriswa, yakanyoroveswa mushure mekupisa, uye yobva yanyungudutswa, ine density ye1.25-1.35 g/cm3. Zvinoenderana nekunyorova kwayo, yakakamurwa kuita yakaderera tembiricha, yepakati tembiricha uye yakakwirira tembiricha asphalt. Iyo yepakati tembiricha yeasphalt goho i54-56% yemarasha tara. Kuumbwa kwemarasha tara kwakaomarara zvakanyanya, izvo zvine chekuita nemidziyo yemarasha tar uye zviri mukati meheteroatoms, uye zvakare inobatwa neiyo coking process system uye marasha tar kugadzirisa mamiriro. Pane zviratidzo zvakawanda zvekuratidza tara yemarasha, senge bitumen softening point, toluene insolubles (TI), quinoline insolubles (QI), coking values, uye marasha pitch rheology.
Tara yemarasha inoshandiswa sebhainda uye isina pamuviri muindasitiri yekabhoni, uye kuita kwayo kune simba guru pamaitiro ekugadzira uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa chezvigadzirwa zvekabhoni. Iyo binder asphalt inowanzoshandisa yepakati-tembiricha kana yepakati-tembiricha yakagadziridzwa asphalt ine ine mwero inopfava poindi, yakakwirira coking kukosha, uye yakakwirira β resin. Iyo impregnating agent ndeye yepakati tembiricha asphalt ine yakaderera kupfava poindi, yakaderera QI, uye yakanaka rheological properties.
Mufananidzo unotevera unoratidza maitiro ekugadzira graphite electrode mune kabhoni bhizinesi.
Calcination: Iyo carbonaceous raw material inobatwa nekupisa pakupisa kwepamusoro kuti ibudise hunyoro uye zvinhu zvinoputika zvirimo, uye maitiro ekugadzira anoenderana nekuvandudzwa kwekuita kwekutanga kubika kunonzi calcination. Kazhinji, iyo carbonaceous raw material inoverengerwa nekushandisa gasi uye yayo inovhuvhuta semhepo inopisa, uye tembiricha yepamusoro i1250-1350 ° C.
Calcination inoita shanduko dzakadzama muchimiro uye physicochemical zvimiro zvecarbonaceous raw materials, kunyanya mukuvandudza density, mechanical simba uye magetsi conductivity of coke, kunatsiridza kugadzikana kwekemikari uye oxidation kuramba kwecoke, kuisa hwaro hweiyo inotevera maitiro. .
Calcined midziyo inonyanya kusanganisira tank calciner, rotary kiln uye electric calciner. Iyo yemhando yekudzora index yecalcination ndeyekuti density yechokwadi yepetroleum coke haisi pasi pe2.07g/cm3, iyo resistivity haina kupfuura 550μΩ.m, iyo yechokwadi density yetsono coke haisi pasi pe2.12g/cm3, uye iyo resistivity haisi kupfuura 500μΩ.m.
Raw material kupwanya uye ingredients
Pamberi pekuputirwa, iyo yakawanda calcined petroleum coke uye tsono coke inofanira kupwanywa, ivhu, uye kusefa.
Kupwanya kwepakati kunowanzoitwa nekupwanya midziyo inosvika 50 mm kuburikidza neshaya crusher, nyundo crusher, roll crusher uye nezvimwe zvakadaro kuti uwedzere kupwanya 0.5-20 mm saizi zvinhu zvinodiwa pakubata.
Kugaya inzira yekukuya kabhoni kuita chidimbu chidiki cheupfu che 0.15 mm zvichidzika uye saizi ye 0.075 mm zvichidzika nenzira yechigayo chemhando ye ring roll (Raymond mill), chigayo chebhora, kana zvimwe zvakadaro. .
Kuongorora inzira umo huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu mushure mekupwanya hwakakamurwa kuita akati wandei particle size renji ine nhete yehukuru hwehukuru kuburikidza nenhevedzano yemasefa ane maunifomu kuvhurika. Ikozvino kugadzira electrode kunowanzoda 4-5 pellets uye 1-2 magiredhi eupfu.
Ingredients ndiwo maitiro ekugadzira ekuverenga, kuyera uye kutarisa kwakasiyana-siyana aggregates yeaggregates uye poda uye mabhainda zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira. Kukodzera kwesainzi kwekuumbwa uye kugadzikana kweiyo batching oparesheni ndezvimwe zvakakosha zvinokanganisa indekisi yemhando uye kushanda kwechigadzirwa.
Iyo fomula inoda kuona 5 maitiro:
1Sarudza rudzi rwezvigadzirwa;
2 sarudza chikamu chemhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa;
3 kuona iyo particle size yekugadzirwa kweiyo yakasimba mbishi zvinhu;
4 sarudza huwandu hwebhainda;
5 Sarudza rudzi uye huwandu hwezvinowedzera.
Kneading: Kusanganisa uye quantifying akasiyana particle size carbonaceous granules uye powders ane imwe chiyero chebhainda pane imwe tembiricha, uye kukanya iyo plasticity namira kuita nzira inonzi kukanya.
Kneading process: yakaoma kusanganisa (20-35 min) yakanyorova kusanganisa (40-55 min)
Basa rekukanya:
1 Kana uchisanganisa wakaoma, zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasvibiswa zvakasanganiswa zvakafanana, uye iyo yakasimba carbonaceous zvinhu zvezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasanganiswa zvakafanana uye zvinozadzwa kuti zvivandudze kuwirirana kwemusanganiswa;
2 Mushure mekuwedzera marasha tar pitch, iyo yakaoma uye asphalt zvakasanganiswa zvakafanana. Iyo asphalt yemvura yakafanana inopfeka uye inonyorovesa pamusoro pemagranules kuti iite musara weasphalt bonding layer, uye zvinhu zvese zvinosungirirwa kune mumwe nemumwe kuti zvigadzire homogeneous epurasitiki smear. Inobatsira kuumba;
3 zvikamu zvemarasha tar pitch inopinda mukati memukati meiyo carbonaceous zvinhu, zvichiwedzera kuwedzera kuwanda uye kubatana kwepaste.
Kuumba: Iko kuumbwa kwekabhoni zvinhu kunoreva maitiro epurasitiki kukanganisa iyo yakakandwa kabhoni paste pasi pesimba rekunze rinoshandiswa nemudziyo wekuumba kuti upedze kuumba muviri wakasvibira (kana mbishi chigadzirwa) uine chimwe chimiro, saizi, densi uye simba. process.
Mhando dzekuumba, zvishandiso uye zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa:
Molding nzira
Zvishandiso zvakajairika
main products
Kuumba
Vertical hydraulic press
Magetsi kabhoni, yakaderera-giredhi yakanaka chimiro graphite
Kusvina
Horizontal hydraulic extruder
Screw extruder
Graphite electrode, square electrode
Vibration molding
Vibration molding machine
Aluminium kabhoni zvidhinha, blast furnace kabhoni zvidhinha
Isostatic pressing
Isostatic molding muchina
Isotropic graphite, anisotropic graphite
Kusvina kushanda
1 inotonhorera zvinhu: disc kutonhora zvinhu, silinda yekutonhodza zvinhu, kusanganisa uye kukanya zvinhu zvekutonhodza, nezvimwe.
Bvisa zvinoputika, zvidzikisire kune tembiricha yakakodzera (90-120 ° C) kuti uwedzere kunamatira, kuitira kuti kuvharika kwepasita kuve yunifomu ye20-30 min.
2 Kurodha: press lift baffle -- 2-3 times kucheka--4-10MPa compaction
3 pre-pressure: kumanikidza 20-25MPa, nguva 3-5min, uchipukuta
4 extrusion: tsikirira pasi baffle -5-15MPa extrusion - cheka - mudhishi inotonhorera
Technical parameters ye extrusion: compression ratio, press chamber uye nozzle tembiricha, kutonhora tembiricha, preload pressure nguva, extrusion pressure, extrusion speed, kutonhora kwemvura.
Kuongorora muviri wakasvibira: kuwanda kwehuwandu, kutapira kwechitarisiko, kuongorora
Calcination: Iyo inzira iyo iyo kabhoni chigadzirwa chegirini muviri unozadzwa mune yakanyatso dhizaini yekupisa muchoto pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwefiller kuita yakanyanya-tembiricha yekupisa kurapwa kuti carbonize marasha emarasha mumuviri wakasvibira. Iyo bhitumini coke yakaumbwa mushure me carbonization yemarasha bhitumeni inosimbisa iyo carbonaceous aggregate uye hupfu hwehupfu pamwe chete, uye calcined kabhoni chigadzirwa chine simba guru remagetsi, kuderera kwemagetsi ekudzivirira, kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekushisa uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari. .
Calcination ndeimwe yematanho makuru mukugadzirwa kwekabhoni zvigadzirwa, uye zvakare chikamu chakakosha cheatatu makuru ekurapa kupisa maitiro ekugadzirwa kwegraphite electrode. Iyo calcination yekugadzira kutenderera yakareba (22-30 mazuva ekubika, 5-20 mazuva echoto che2 kubika), uye Yakakwira simba rekushandisa. Hunhu hwekugocha hwakasvibira hune simba pamhando yechigadzirwa chakapedzwa uye mutengo wekugadzira.
Iyo yakasvibira yemarasha mbiru mumuviri yakasvibira yakabikwa panguva yekugocha, uye inenge 10% yenyaya inoputika inoburitswa, uye vhoriyamu inogadzirwa ne 2-3% shrinkage, uye kurasikirwa kukuru kuri 8-10%. Izvo zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari zvimiro zvekabhoni billet zvakachinjawo zvakanyanya. Iyo porosity yakaderera kubva 1.70 g / cm3 kusvika 1.60 g / cm3 uye resistivity yakaderera kubva 10000 μΩ · m kusvika 40-50 μΩ · m nekuda kwekuwedzera kweporosity. Iyo mechanical simba re calcined billet raive rakakurawo. Zvekuvandudza.
Kubika kwechipiri inzira inonyudzwa iyo chigadzirwa chakakarurwa uye chobva chaitwa calcined kuti carbonize pitch yakanyudzwa mumapores echigadzirwa chakakarurwa. Electrodes inoda huwandu hwepamusoro (marudzi ese kunze kweRP) uye majoint blanks anodiwa kuti abikwe, uye majoint blanks anoiswawo kune matatu-dip mana-bake kana maviri-dip matatu-bake.
Mhando huru yevira yekugocha:
Kuenderera mberi kwekushanda--mhete yevira (ine chivharo, isina chivharo), tunnel kiln
Kushanda nguva nenguva--reverse kiln, pasi pefloor roaster, box roaster
Calcination curve uye yakanyanya tembiricha:
Kamwe-nguva kugocha--320, 360, 422, 480 maawa, 1250 °C
Kugocha kwechipiri--125, 240, 280 maawa, 700-800 °C
Kuongororwa kwezvigadzirwa zvakabikwa: kutapira kwechitarisiko, resistivity yemagetsi, kuwanda kwehuwandu, simba rekumanikidza, kuongorora kwemukati.
Impregnation inzira iyo kabhoni inoiswa mumudziyo wekumanikidza uye iyo yemvura impregnant pitch inonyudzwa mumapores echigadzirwa electrode pasi peimwe tembiricha uye kumanikidzwa mamiriro. Chinangwa ndechekuderedza porosity yechigadzirwa, kuwedzera kuwanda kwehuwandu uye kusimba kwemagetsi echigadzirwa, uye kuvandudza magetsi uye kupisa conductivity yechigadzirwa.
Iyo impregnation process uye yakabatana tekinoroji paramita ndeiyi: kugocha billet - kucheneswa kwepasi - preheating (260-380 ° C, 6-10 maawa) - kurodha tangi yekupinza - vacuuming (8-9KPa, 40-50min) - Jekiseni rebhitumini (180 -200 °C) - Kudzvinyirira (1.2-1.5 MPa, maawa 3-4) - Dzokera ku asphalt - Kutonhora (mukati kana kunze kwetangi)
Kuongororwa kwezvigadzirwa zvakapinzwa: chiyero chekuwedzera uremu G = (W2-W1) / W1 × 100%
Imwe yekunyudza uremu chiyero ≥14%
Sekondari yakamisikidzwa chigadzirwa kurema kuwedzera mwero ≥ 9%
Zvigadzirwa zvitatu zvekudhibha uremu ≥ 5%
Graphitization inoreva kudziya kwepamusoro-tembiricha yekurapa maitiro umo kabhoni chigadzirwa chinopisa kusvika kune tembiricha ye2300 ° C kana kupfuura mune inodzivirira svikiro muchoto chemagetsi chepamusoro-tembiricha kushandura amorphous layered structure kabhoni kuita matatu-dimensional akarairwa. graphite crystal chimiro.
Chinangwa uye mhedzisiro yegraphitization:
1 inovandudza conductivity uye kupisa kwemhepo ye carbon material (iyo resistivity inoderedzwa ne 4-5 nguva, uye kupisa kwekushisa kunowedzera kanenge ka10);
2 kunatsiridza kupisa kwekutyisa kuramba uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari eiyo kabhoni zvinhu (linear yekuwedzera coefficient yakaderedzwa ne50-80%);
3 kugadzira iyo kabhoni zvinhu lubricity uye abrasion kuramba;
4 Kubvisa tsvina, kunatsiridza kuchena kwekabhoni zvinhu (iyo madota echigadzirwa inoderedzwa kubva ku0.5-0.8% kusvika 0.3%).
Kuzadzikiswa kweiyo graphitization process:
Iyo graphitization yekabhoni zvinhu inoitwa pakupisa kwakanyanya kwe2300-3000 ° C, saka inogona kungoonekwa nekudziya kwemagetsi muindasitiri, ndiko kuti, iyo yazvino inopfuura nepamhepo inopisa calcined chigadzirwa, uye calcined chigadzirwa chakachajwa. muchoto chinogadzirwa nemagetsi emagetsi pakupisa kukuru. Kondakita chinhu zvakare chinopisa kusvika pakupisa kukuru.
Mafuro anoshandiswa zvakanyanya anosanganisira Acheson graphitization furnaces uye mukati mekupisa cascade (LWG) mavira. Iyo yekutanga ine yakakura yakabuda, yakakura tembiricha musiyano, uye yakanyanya simba rekushandisa. Iyo yekupedzisira ine nguva shoma yekupisa, yakaderera simba rekushandisa, yunifomu yemagetsi resistivity, uye haina kukodzera kuenderana.
Kudzora kweiyo graphitization process inodzorwa nekuyera magetsi emagetsi curve anokodzera tembiricha yekukwira mamiriro. Nguva yekupa magetsi ndeye 50-80 maawa echoto cheAcheson uye maawa 9-15 evira reLWG.
Iko kushandiswa kwesimba kwegraphitization kwakakura kwazvo, kazhinji 3200-4800KWh, uye mutengo wekuita unosvika 20-35% yemutengo wakazara wekugadzira.
Kuongororwa kwezvigadzirwa zvegraphitized: kutaridzika kwekutapa, resistivity bvunzo
Machining: Chinangwa chekugadzira michina ye carbon graphite zvinhu ndeyekuwana hukuru hunodiwa, chimiro, kunyatsojeka, nezvimwewo nekucheka kuita electrode muviri uye majoini maererano nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa.
Graphite electrode processing yakakamurwa kuita maviri akazvimirira ekugadzirisa maitiro: electrode muviri uye majoini.
Kugadziriswa kwemuviri kunosanganisira nhanho nhatu dzekufinha uye dzakakasharara magumo echiso, denderedzwa rekunze uye magumo ekupedzisira kumeso uye shinda yekugaya. Kugadziriswa kweconical joint kunogona kukamurwa kuita matanhatu maitiro: kucheka, flat end face, mota cone face, milling thread, drilling bolt Uye slotting.
Kubatanidzwa kwemajoini e electrode: conical joint connection (mabhuru matatu uye bhandi rimwe), cylindrical joint connection, bump connection (chirume nechikadzi kubatana)
Kudzora kwekugadzirisa machining: shinda taper kutsauka, shinda pitch, mubatanidzwa (gomba) hombe dhayamita kutsauka, majoini gomba coaxiality, kubatana kwegomba verticality, electrode kupera kumeso kufuratirwa, majoini mana-poindi kutsauka. Tarisa nema ring gauges nemaplate geji.
Kuongororwa kwemagetsi akapedzwa: kurongeka, uremu, kureba, dhayamita, kuwanda kwehuwandu, resistivity, pre-assembly tolerance, nezvimwe.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-31-2019