Kuki umusaruro wa hydrogène ukomoka ku mbaraga za kirimbuzi watangiye gushyuha?

Mu bihe byashize, ubukana bw’imvura bwatumye ibihugu bihagarika gahunda yo kwihutisha iyubakwa ry’inganda za kirimbuzi no gutangira guhagarika imikoreshereze yabyo. Ariko umwaka ushize, ingufu za kirimbuzi zongeye kwiyongera.

Ku ruhande rumwe, amakimbirane y’Uburusiya na Ukraine yatumye habaho impinduka mu nzego zose zitanga ingufu, ari nazo zashishikarije “abantu banga ingufu za kirimbuzi” kureka umwe umwe no kugabanya ingufu rusange z’ingufu gakondo bishoboka mu gutangira. ingufu za kirimbuzi.

Ku rundi ruhande, hydrogène ni ingenzi kuri gahunda yo kwangiza inganda zikomeye mu Burayi. Izamuka ry’ingufu za kirimbuzi ryanateje imbere kumenyekanisha umusaruro wa hydrogène n’ingufu za kirimbuzi mu bihugu by’Uburayi.

Umwaka ushize, isesengura ryakozwe n’ikigo cya OECD gishinzwe ingufu za kirimbuzi (NEA) cyiswe “Uruhare rw’ingufu za kirimbuzi mu bukungu bwa hydrogène: Ikiguzi no guhangana” ryanzuye ko bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro bya gaze muri iki gihe ndetse n’ibyifuzo bya politiki muri rusange, ibyiringiro by’ingufu za kirimbuzi muri hydrogen ubukungu ni amahirwe akomeye niba hafashwe ingamba zikwiye.

NEA yavuze ko ubushakashatsi n’iterambere bigamije kunoza imikorere y’umusaruro wa hydrogène bigomba kongerwa mu gihe giciriritse, kubera ko “methane pyrolysis cyangwa hydrothermal chimique cycling, bishoboka ko byahujwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya reaktor yo mu gisekuru cya kane, bitanga icyizere cya karubone nkeya ishobora kugabanya ibanze ingufu zikenerwa mu musaruro wa hydrogène ”.

Byumvikane ko inyungu nyamukuru z’ingufu za kirimbuzi kubyara hydrogène zirimo amafaranga make y’umusaruro no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya. Mugihe hydrogène yicyatsi ikorwa hifashishijwe ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu zingana na 20 kugeza 40%, hydrogène yijimye izakoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi ku bushobozi bwa 90%, bigabanye ibiciro.

Umwanzuro rusange wa NEA ni uko ingufu za kirimbuzi zishobora kubyara hydrocarbone nkeya ku kiguzi kinini.

Byongeye kandi, Ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu za kirimbuzi cyasabye igishushanyo mbonera cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bya hydrogène, kandi inganda zemeza ko kubaka inganda n’inganda zitanga amasoko ajyanye n’umusaruro wa hydrogène wa kirimbuzi biri mu nzira.

Kugeza ubu, ibihugu bikomeye byateye imbere ku isi birakora ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’umushinga w’ingufu za hydrogène ingufu za kirimbuzi, ugerageza kwinjira muri sosiyete y’ubukungu y’ingufu za hydrogène vuba bishoboka. Igihugu cyacu giteza imbere cyane iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya hydrogène riva mu mbaraga za kirimbuzi kandi ryinjiye mu bucuruzi.

Umusaruro wa hydrogène ukomoka ku mbaraga za kirimbuzi ukoresheje amazi nk'ibikoresho fatizo ntibishobora gusa kubona ko nta mwuka uhumanya ikirere mu gihe cyo kubyara hydrogène, ariko kandi byanagura imikoreshereze y’ingufu za kirimbuzi, kuzamura ubushobozi bw’ubukungu bw’inganda zikoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi, no gushyiraho uburyo bwo guteza imbere iterambere ry’iterambere ingufu za kirimbuzi n'ingufu zishobora kubaho. Ibikoresho bya peteroli bya kirimbuzi biboneka mu iterambere ku isi birashobora gutanga ingufu zirenga 100.000 kuruta ibicanwa biva mu kirere. Guhuza byombi bizafungura inzira yiterambere rirambye nubukungu bwa hydrogène, kandi biteze imbere icyatsi nubuzima. Mubihe byubu, ifite ibyifuzo byinshi byo gusaba. Mu yandi magambo, umusaruro wa hydrogène uturuka ku mbaraga za kirimbuzi ushobora kuba igice cyingenzi cy’ingufu zisukuye.?