Umusemburo wa hydrogène ni iki?

Umusaruro wa hydrogène nucleaire ufatwa nkuburyo bwatoranijwe bwo gukora hydrogène nini nini, ariko bisa nkaho bigenda buhoro. None, hydrogène ikora ni iki?

Umusemburo wa hydrogène wa kirimbuzi, ni ukuvuga reaction ya nucleaire hamwe na progaramu ya hydrogène yateye imbere, kugirango ikore hydrogene. Umusaruro wa hydrogène ukomoka ku mbaraga za kirimbuzi ufite ibyiza byo kutagira imyuka ihumanya ikirere, amazi nkibikoresho fatizo, gukora neza kandi nini, bityo rero ni igisubizo cyingenzi kubitangwa na hydrogène nini mugihe kizaza. Dukurikije ibigereranyo bya IAEA, reaction ya 250MW irashobora gutanga toni 50 za hydrogène kumunsi ukoresheje ubushyuhe bwa kirimbuzi bukabije.

Ihame ry'umusaruro wa hydrogène mu mbaraga za kirimbuzi ni ugukoresha ubushyuhe butangwa na reaction ya kirimbuzi nk'isoko y'ingufu zo gukora hydrogène, no kumenya umusaruro mwiza kandi munini wa hydrogène uhitamo ikoranabuhanga rikwiye. Mugabanye cyangwa mukureho imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'umusaruro wa hydrogène ukomoka ku mbaraga za kirimbuzi cyerekanwe kuri iyi shusho.

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Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo guhindura ingufu za kirimbuzi ingufu za hydrogène, harimo amazi nkibikoresho fatizo binyuze muri electrolysis, cycle ya thermochemiki, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa parike ya electrolysis hydrogène hydrogène, hydrogen sulfide nkibikoresho fatizo bivuna hydrogène, gaze naturel, amakara, biomass nkibikoresho fatizo pyrolysis hydrogen umusaruro, nibindi. Iyo ukoresheje amazi nkibikoresho fatizo, inzira yose ya hydrogène ntabwo itanga CO₂, ishobora ahanini gukuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere; Gukora hydrogène biva ahandi bigabanya gusa imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha amazi ya electrolysis ya kirimbuzi ni uburyo bworoshye bwo kubyara ingufu za kirimbuzi hamwe na electrolysis gakondo, ikiri mu rwego rwo kubyaza ingufu za kirimbuzi kandi muri rusange ntabwo ifatwa nk’ikoranabuhanga nyaryo rya hydrogène ikora. Kubwibyo, ukwezi kwa termo-chimique hamwe namazi nkibikoresho fatizo, gukoresha byuzuye cyangwa igice cyubushyuhe bwa kirimbuzi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa parike ya electrolysis bifatwa nkicyerekezo kizaza cyikoranabuhanga rya hydrogène ikora.

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Kugeza ubu, hari inzira ebyiri zingenzi z’umusaruro wa hydrogène mu mbaraga za kirimbuzi: umusaruro w’amazi ya hydrogène y’amashanyarazi n’umusemburo wa hydrogène. Imashini za kirimbuzi zitanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe kuburyo bubiri bwavuzwe haruguru bwo kubyara hydrogène.

Electrolysis y'amazi kugirango itange hydrogène nugukoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi kugirango zitange amashanyarazi, hanyuma unyuze mumazi ya electrolytique yamazi kugirango abore amazi muri hydrogen. Umusemburo wa hydrogène ukoresheje amazi ya electrolytike ni uburyo butaziguye bwo gutanga hydrogène, ariko umusaruro wa hydrogène ukoreshwa muri ubu buryo (55% ~ 60%) ni muto, kabone niyo tekinoroji ya SPE y’amazi ya elegitoronike yemewe muri Amerika, ikoreshwa rya electrolytike yongerewe kugera kuri 90%. Ariko kubera ko amashanyarazi menshi ya kirimbuzi kuri ubu ahindura ubushyuhe amashanyarazi gusa hafi 35%, umusaruro wanyuma wumusaruro wa hydrogène uva mumazi ya electrolysis muma ingufu za kirimbuzi ni 30% gusa.

Umusaruro wa hydrogène yubushyuhe-shimikiro ushingiye kumuzunguruko wa chimique-chimique, ugahuza reaction ya kirimbuzi nigikoresho cya hydrogène yumuriro wa chimique-chimique, ukoresheje ubushyuhe bwinshi butangwa na reaction ya nucleaire nkisoko yubushyuhe, kuburyo amazi atera kwangirika kwamashanyarazi kuri 800 ℃ kugeza 1000 ℃, kugirango bibyare hydrogène na ogisijeni. Ugereranije n’amazi ya hydrogène y’amazi ya hydrolytique, umusaruro wa hydrogène hydrogène hydrogène ikora neza, umusaruro wose uteganijwe kugera kuri 50%, igiciro kiri hasi.


Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-28-2023
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