Icyumweru cya hydrogène hydrogène yerekana ingufu za selile yerekeje bwa mbere yerekeza i Moss Lake, Washington, mu cyumweru gishize. Indege yikizamini yamaze iminota 15 igera ku butumburuke bwa metero 3.500. Ihuriro ryibizamini rishingiye kuri Dash8-300, indege nini ya hydrogène nini cyane ku isi.
Iyi ndege yitwaga Umurabyo McClean, yahagurutse ku kibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Grant County (KMWH) saa 8h45 za mu gitondo ku ya 2 Werurwe maze igera ku butumburuke bwa metero 3.500 nyuma y'iminota 15. Iyi ndege, ishingiye ku cyemezo cya FAA kidasanzwe cyo mu kirere, ni iyambere mu ndege y’ibizamini by’imyaka ibiri biteganijwe ko izarangira mu 2025. Iyi ndege yahinduwe ivuye mu ndege yo mu karere ka ATR 72, igumana moteri imwe y’umwimerere y’ibicanwa bya peteroli. kubwumutekano, mugihe ahasigaye hakoreshwa na hydrogen nziza.
Universal Hydrogen igamije kugira ibikorwa byo kuguruka mukarere bikoreshwa na selile ya hydrogène bitarenze 2025.Muri iki kizamini, moteri ikoreshwa ningirabuzimafatizo ya hydrogène isukuye isohora amazi gusa kandi ntabwo yanduza ikirere. Kuberako ari ibizamini byambere, izindi moteri iracyakora kuri lisansi isanzwe. Niba rero urebye, hari itandukaniro rinini hagati ya moteri ibumoso na moteri iburyo, ndetse na diameter ya blade n'umubare w'ibyuma. Nk’uko bitangazwa na Universal Hydrogren, indege zikoreshwa na selile ya hydrogène zifite umutekano, zihendutse gukora kandi nta ngaruka nini ku bidukikije. Ingirabuzimafatizo ya hydrogène ni modular kandi irashobora gupakirwa no gupakururwa hifashishijwe ikibuga cy’indege kiriho, bityo ikibuga cy’indege gishobora kuzuza ibyifuzo by’indege zikoresha hydrogène nta gihindutse. Mubyigisho, indege nini zishobora gukora kimwe, hamwe na turbofani ikoreshwa ningirabuzimafatizo ya hydrogène biteganijwe ko izakoreshwa hagati ya 2030.
Mubyukuri, Paul Eremenko, washinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa Universal Hydrogen, yizera ko indege zigomba gukora kuri hydrogène isukuye hagati ya 2030, bitabaye ibyo inganda zigomba guca ingendo kugira ngo zuzuze intego z’inganda ziteganijwe mu kirere. Igisubizo cyaba izamuka rikabije ryibiciro byamatike no guharanira kubona itike. Kubwibyo, birihutirwa guteza imbere ubushakashatsi niterambere ryindege nshya zingufu. Ariko iyi ndege yambere nayo itanga ibyiringiro byinganda.
Ubu butumwa bwakozwe na Alex Kroll, wahoze ari inararibonye mu kirere cy’ingabo z’Amerika zirwanira mu kirere akaba n’umuyobozi w’ibizamini bya sosiyete. Yavuze ko mu ruzinduko rwa kabiri rw’ibizamini, yashoboye kuguruka rwose kuri moteri y’amavuta ya hydrogène, adashingiye kuri moteri y’ibinyabuzima bya fosile. Kroll yagize ati: "Indege yahinduwe ifite imikorere myiza kandi ikoresha ingufu za hydrogène ya selile itanga urusaku ruke cyane ndetse no kunyeganyega kurusha moteri ya turbine isanzwe".
Universal Hydrogen ifite ibicuruzwa byinshi byabatwara indege zikoresha ingufu za hydrogène, harimo na Connect Airlines, isosiyete y'Abanyamerika. John Thomas, umuyobozi mukuru w’isosiyete, yise indege ya Lightning McClain "zero zero zo kwangiza inganda z’indege ku isi."
Kuki indege ikoreshwa na hydrogène ari amahitamo yo kugabanya karubone mu ndege?
Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ishyira ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere mu myaka mirongo iri imbere.
Indege isohora kimwe cya gatandatu cya dioxyde de carbone nkimodoka namakamyo, nkuko bitangazwa na World Resources Institute, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ridaharanira inyungu rifite icyicaro i Washington. Nyamara, indege zitwara abagenzi bake kumunsi kuruta imodoka namakamyo.
Indege enye nini (Abanyamerika, Ubumwe, Delta na Southwest) zongereye ingufu za peteroli mu ndege 15% hagati ya 2014 na 2019. Icyakora, nubwo indege zikora neza kandi zifite karuboni nkeya zashyizwe mu bikorwa, umubare w’abagenzi warakomeje inzira yo kumanuka kuva 2019.
Ingendo z’indege ziyemeje kutagira aho zibogamiye mu binyejana rwagati, ndetse bamwe bashora imari mu bicanwa birambye kugira ngo indege igire uruhare runini mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere.
Ibicanwa birambye (SAFs) ni ibicanwa biva mu mavuta yo guteka, ibinure by'amatungo, imyanda ya komini cyangwa ibindi biribwa. Ibicanwa birashobora kuvangwa n’ibicanwa bisanzwe kuri moteri y’indege kandi isanzwe ikoreshwa mu ndege zigerageza ndetse no mu ndege ziteganijwe. Nyamara, lisansi irambye irazimvye, yikubye inshuro eshatu lisansi isanzwe. Mugihe indege nyinshi zigura kandi zigakoresha ibicanwa birambye, ibiciro bizamuka cyane. Abavoka barimo guharanira gushimangira imisoro kugirango bongere umusaruro.
Ibicanwa biramba bifatwa nkibicanwa byikiraro gishobora kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kugeza igihe hagaragaye iterambere ryinshi nkindege zikoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa hydrogène. Mubyukuri, tekinoroji ntishobora gukoreshwa cyane mu ndege indi myaka 20 cyangwa 30.
Ibigo biragerageza gukora no kubaka indege zamashanyarazi, ariko inyinshi ni ntoya, indege imeze nka kajugujugu ihaguruka ikamanuka ihagaritse kandi ifata abagenzi bake.
Gukora indege nini yamashanyarazi ishoboye gutwara abagenzi 200 - bihwanye nindege isanzwe yo hagati - bisaba bateri nini nigihe kinini cyo guhaguruka. Ukurikije urwo rwego, bateri yakenera gupima hafi inshuro 40 lisansi yindege kugirango yishyurwe byuzuye. Ariko indege z'amashanyarazi ntizishoboka hatabayeho impinduramatwara mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri.
Ingufu za hydrogène nigikoresho cyiza cyo kugera ku myuka ihumanya ikirere kandi igira uruhare rudasubirwaho muguhindura ingufu kwisi. Inyungu igaragara yingufu za hydrogène kurenza izindi mbaraga zishobora kuvugururwa ni uko ishobora kubikwa ku rugero runini mu bihe. Muri byo, hydrogène y'icyatsi niyo nzira yonyine yo kwangiza karubone mu nganda nyinshi, harimo n’inganda zahagarariwe na peteroli, ibyuma, inganda n’inganda n’inganda zitwara abantu zihagarariwe n’indege. Komisiyo mpuzamahanga ishinzwe ingufu za hydrogène ivuga ko biteganijwe ko isoko rya ingufu za hydrogène rizagera kuri tiriyari 2,5 z'amadolari mu 2050.
Dan Rutherford, umushakashatsi ku bijyanye n’imodoka n’indege mu nama mpuzamahanga ku bijyanye no gutwara abantu n'ibintu bisukuye, yabwiye ibiro ntaramakuru by'Abanyamerika ati: "Hydrogen ubwayo ni lisansi yoroheje cyane". "Ariko ukeneye ibigega binini byo kubika hydrogene, kandi ikigega ubwacyo kiremereye cyane."
Byongeye kandi, hari ibitagenda neza n'inzitizi zo gushyira mu bikorwa lisansi ya hydrogen. Kurugero, ibikorwa remezo binini kandi bihenze byakenerwa kubibuga byindege kugirango ubike gaze ya hydrogen ikonje muburyo bwamazi.
Nubwo bimeze bityo, Rutherford akomeje kwitonda kuri hydrogen. Ikipe ye yizera ko indege zikoresha hydrogène zizashobora gukora ibirometero 2100 mu 2035.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-16-2023