Umunsi w'abashoramari wa Tesla 2023 wabereye i Gigafactory muri Texas. Umuyobozi mukuru wa Tesla, Elon Musk, yashyize ahagaragara igice cya gatatu cya "Master Plan" ya Tesla - ihinduka ry’ingufu zirambye, rigamije kugera ku mbaraga zirambye 100% mu 2050.
Gahunda ya 3 igabanijwemo ibintu bitanu byingenzi:
Guhindura byuzuye kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi;
Gukoresha pompe yubushyuhe murwego rwimbere mu gihugu, ubucuruzi ninganda;
Gukoresha ingufu zubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe ningufu za hydrogène yicyatsi mu nganda;
Ingufu zirambye zindege nubwato;
Koresha ingufu za gride zisanzwe hamwe ningufu zishobora kubaho.
Muri ibyo birori, Tesla na Musk bombi bahaye hydrogen. Gahunda ya 3 itanga ingufu za hydrogène nkibiryo byingenzi byinganda. Musk yatanze igitekerezo cyo gukoresha hydrogène mu gusimbuza amakara burundu, anavuga ko umubare munini wa hydrogène uzaba nkenerwa mu nganda zijyanye n’inganda, zisaba hydrogène kandi zishobora gukorwa na electrolysis y’amazi, ariko akomeza avuga ko hydrogène idakwiye gukoreshwa mu modoka.
Ku bwa Musk, hari ibice bitanu by'imirimo bigira uruhare mu kugera ku mbaraga zisukuye zirambye. Icya mbere ni ugukuraho ingufu z’ibinyabuzima, kugera ku ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, guhindura umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi uriho, guha amashanyarazi imodoka, hanyuma ugahindura amapompo y’ubushyuhe, no gutekereza ku buryo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe, uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu za hydrogène, hanyuma amaherezo utekereze uburyo bwo guha amashanyarazi indege nubwato, ntabwo ari imodoka gusa, kugirango ugere kumashanyarazi yuzuye.
Musk yavuze kandi ko hari ibintu byinshi dushobora gukora muri iki gihe, dukoresheje ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye kugira ngo hydrogène isimbuze amakara mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo umusaruro w’ibyuma urusheho kunozwa, ibyuma bigabanuka bitaziguye bishobora gukoreshwa mu guteza imbere inganda, hanyuma, n’ibindi bikoresho muri gushonga birashobora gutezimbere kugirango bigabanuke neza hydrogène.
"Gahunda Nkuru" ni ingamba zingenzi za Tesla. Mbere, Tesla yasohoye "Grand Plan 1" na "Grand Plan 2" muri Kanama 2006 na Nyakanga 2016, byari bikubiyemo ahanini ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, gutwara ibinyabiziga byigenga, ingufu z'izuba, n'ibindi. Gahunda nyinshi zavuzwe haruguru zashyizwe mu bikorwa.
Gahunda ya 3 yiyemeje ubukungu bw’ingufu zirambye zifite intego z’umubare wabigeraho: amasaha 240 yo kubika, terawatt 30 y’amashanyarazi ashobora kuvugururwa, tiriyari 10 z’amadolari y’ishoramari mu nganda, kimwe cya kabiri cy’ubukungu bwa peteroli mu ngufu, munsi ya 0.2% y’ubutaka, 10% bya GDP ku isi muri 2022, gutsinda ibibazo byose byumutungo.
Tesla niyo ikora ibinyabiziga binini cyane byamashanyarazi ku isi, kandi kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byitwaye neza. Mbere y’ibyo, Umuyobozi mukuru wa Tesla, Elon Musk, yashidikanyaga cyane ku ngirabuzimafatizo za hydrogène na hydrogène, anagaragaza ku mugaragaro igitekerezo cye ku "kugabanuka" kwiterambere rya hydrogène ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
Mbere, Musk yasebeje ijambo "Akagari ka lisansi" ngo "Akagari k'ibicucu" mu birori nyuma yuko uruganda rwa peteroli rwa Mirai rwa Toyota rwa Mirai rumaze gutangazwa. Amavuta ya hydrogène abereye roketi, ariko ntabwo akwiriye imodoka.
Mu 2021, Musk yashyigikiye umuyobozi mukuru wa Volkswagen Herbert Diess ubwo yaturikaga hydrogen kuri Twitter.
Ku ya 1 Mata 2022, Musk yanditse ku rubuga rwa twitter ko Tesla izava mu mashanyarazi ikajya kuri hydrogène mu 2024 hanyuma igashyira ingufu za hydrogène ya hydrogène Model H - mu byukuri, urwenya rw’umunsi wo kubeshya kwa Mata na Musk, rwongera gushinyagurira iterambere rya hydrogen.
Mu kiganiro na Financial Times ku ya 10 Gicurasi 2022, Musk yagize ati: "Hydrogen ni igitekerezo cy’ubupfapfa gukoresha mu kubika ingufu," yongeraho ati: "Hydrogen ntabwo ari inzira nziza yo kubika ingufu."
Tesla kuva kera ntabwo yari afite gahunda yo gushora mumodoka ya hydrogène. Muri Werurwe 2023, Tesla yashyize muri hydrogène ibikubiye muri hydrogène muri "Grand Plan 3" yibanze ku iterambere rya gahunda irambye y’ubukungu bw’ingufu, byagaragaje ko Musk na Tesla bamenye uruhare rukomeye rwa hydrogène mu guhindura ingufu kandi bigashyigikira iterambere rya hydrogène y’icyatsi.
Kugeza ubu, ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu za hydrogène ku isi, bishyigikira ibikorwa remezo n’inganda zose zitera imbere byihuse. Dukurikije imibare ibanza y’ubushinwa Hydrogen Energy Alliance, mu mpera za 2022, umubare w’ibinyabiziga bitwara peteroli mu bihugu bikomeye ku isi wageze kuri 67.315, aho umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 36.3%. Umubare w'imodoka zitwara lisansi wiyongereye uva kuri 826 muri 2015 ugera kuri 67.488 muri 2022. Mu myaka itanu ishize, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka ugera kuri 52.97%, uri mu rwego rwo kwiyongera. Mu 2022, igurishwa ry’ibinyabiziga bitwara peteroli mu bihugu bikomeye byageze kuri 17.921, byiyongeraho 9.9 ku ijana ku mwaka.
Ibinyuranye n'ibitekerezo bya Musk, IEA isobanura hydrogene nk "" itwara ingufu nyinshi "hamwe nibikorwa byinshi, harimo inganda n’ubwikorezi. Muri 2019, IEA yavuze ko hydrogène ari bumwe mu buryo bwambere bwo kubika ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, isezeranya ko aribwo buryo buhendutse bwo kubika amashanyarazi mu minsi, ibyumweru cyangwa amezi. IEA yongeyeho ko ibicanwa byombi bya hydrogène na hydrogène bishobora gutwara ingufu zishobora kubaho mu ntera ndende.
Byongeye kandi, amakuru rusange yerekana ko kugeza ubu, amasosiyete icumi yambere yimodoka afite imigabane ku isoko ryisi yose yinjiye mumasoko yimodoka ya hydrogène ya lisansi, afungura imishinga yubucuruzi bwa peteroli ya hydrogen. Kugeza ubu, nubwo Tesla akomeza avuga ko hydrogène idakwiye gukoreshwa mu modoka, amasosiyete 10 ya mbere y’imodoka ku isi mu kugurisha yose arimo gukoresha ubucuruzi bw’amavuta ya hydrogène, bivuze ko ingufu za hydrogène zamenyekanye nk'ahantu ho kwiteza imbere mu bwikorezi .
Bifitanye isano: Ni izihe ngaruka z'imodoka 10 za mbere zigurisha zishyiraho amarushanwa ya hydrogen?
Muri rusange, hydrogen nimwe mumasosiyete akomeye yimodoka ku isi guhitamo inzira yigihe kizaza. Kugeza ubu, ivugurura ry’imiterere y’ingufu ritera urwego rw’ingufu za hydrogène ku isi gutangira urwego rwagutse. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe no gukura no gutezimbere mu buhanga bwa tekinoroji ya peteroli, ubwiyongere bwihuse bwibisabwa bikomoka ku isoko, kwaguka kwaguka kw’umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa n’isoko ryamamaza, gukura kwinshi kw’ibicuruzwa bitanga isoko ndetse no guhatanira guhoraho kw'abitabira isoko, ikiguzi na igiciro cya selile izagabanuka vuba. Uyu munsi, iyo iterambere rirambye rishyigikiwe, ingufu za hydrogène, ingufu zisukuye, zizagira isoko ryagutse. Gukoresha ingufu nshya byanze bikunze bizaba byinshi, kandi ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu za hydrogène bizakomeza kwihutisha umuvuduko witerambere.
Umunsi w'abashoramari wa Tesla 2023 wabereye i Gigafactory muri Texas. Umuyobozi mukuru wa Tesla, Elon Musk, yashyize ahagaragara igice cya gatatu cya "Master Plan" ya Tesla - ihinduka ry’ingufu zirambye, rigamije kugera ku mbaraga zirambye 100% mu 2050.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-13-2023