Graphite electrode nigikoresho cyinshi cyihanganira ubushyuhe bwa grafite ikorwa na peteroli ya peteroli, kokiya ya inshinge nka agregate hamwe na bitumen yamakara nka binder, ikorwa binyuze mubikorwa bitandukanye nko gukata, kubumba, guteka, gutera akabariro, gushushanya no gutunganya imashini. ibikoresho.
Imashini ya electrode ya grafite nikintu cyingenzi cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gukora ibyuma byamashanyarazi. Imashini ya electrode ya grafite ikoreshwa mu kwinjiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi, n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru butangwa na arc hagati ya electrode ya elegitoronike n'umuriro bikoreshwa nk'isoko ry'ubushyuhe bwo gushonga amafaranga yo gukora ibyuma. Andi matanura yamabuye ahumura ibikoresho nka fosifore yumuhondo, silikoni yinganda, hamwe na abrasives nayo ikoresha electrode ya grafite nkibikoresho bitwara. Ibintu byiza kandi bidasanzwe byumubiri nubumashini bya grafite electrode nayo ikoreshwa cyane mubindi bice byinganda.
Ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora electrode ya grafite ni kokiya ya peteroli, kokiya y'urushinge hamwe n'ikara ry'amakara.
Kokiya ya peteroli nigicuruzwa cyaka cyane cyabonetse mugusiga amakara hamwe nibikomoka kuri peteroli. Ibara ni umukara kandi ryoroshye, ikintu nyamukuru ni karubone, kandi ivu riri hasi cyane, muri rusange munsi ya 0.5%. Kokiya ya peteroli iri mubyiciro bya karubone byoroshye. Kokiya ya peteroli ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha mu nganda zikora imiti n’ibyuma. Nibikoresho nyamukuru byo gukora ibishushanyo mbonera bya grafite nibicuruzwa bya karubone kuri aluminium electrolytike.
Kokiya ya peteroli irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: kokiya mbisi hamwe na kokiya ibarwa ukurikije ubushyuhe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe. Kokiya ya peteroli yahoze yabonetse mugutinda kokisi irimo ibintu byinshi bihindagurika, kandi imbaraga za mashini ni nke. Kokiya ibarwa iboneka mukubara kokisi mbisi. Inganda nyinshi zo mu Bushinwa zitanga kokiya gusa, kandi ibikorwa byo kubara ahanini bikorwa mu bimera bya karubone.
Kokiya ya peteroli irashobora kugabanywamo kokiya nyinshi ya sulfure (irimo sulfure irenga 1.5%), kokiya yo hagati ya sulfure (irimo 0.5% -1.5% sulfure), hamwe na kokiya nkeya (irimo munsi ya 0.5% sulfure). Umusaruro wa elegitoroniki ya electrode nibindi bicuruzwa bya grafite mubusanzwe bikoreshwa hifashishijwe kokiya nkeya.
Coke y'urushinge ni ubwoko bwa kokiya yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ifite ubwiza bwa fibrous igaragara, coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe buke cyane kandi byoroshye gushushanya. Iyo kokiya ivunitse, irashobora kugabanywamo imirongo yoroheje ukurikije imiterere (igipimo cya aspect kiri hejuru ya 1.75). Imiterere ya fibrous anisotropique irashobora kugaragara munsi ya microscope ikabije, bityo ikitwa kokiya y'urushinge.
Anisotropy yimiterere ya fiziki-mashini ya inshinge ya kokiya iragaragara cyane. Ifite amashanyarazi meza nubushuhe buringaniye buringaniye burebure bwa axis ya buke, kandi coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe ni mike. Iyo ibishushanyo mbonera, umurongo muremure wibice byinshi bitunganijwe muburyo bwo gusohora. Kubwibyo, urushinge rwa kokiya nurufunguzo rwibanze rwo gukora amashanyarazi akomeye cyangwa ultra-high-power-grafite electrode. Grade ya electrode yakozwe ifite imbaraga nke zo guhangana, coefficente ntoya yo kwagura ubushyuhe hamwe no guhangana nubushyuhe bwiza.
Kokiya y'urushinge igabanyijemo amavuta ya kokiya ashingiye ku mavuta akomoka ku bisigazwa bya peteroli hamwe na kokiya y'urushinge ikomoka ku makara ikomoka mu bikoresho bitunganijwe neza.
Amakara yamakara nimwe mubicuruzwa byingenzi byamakara yatunganijwe cyane. Ni uruvange rwa hydrocarbone zitandukanye, umukara ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, igice-gikomeye cyangwa gikomeye ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, nta mwanya uhamye wo gushonga, woroshye nyuma yo gushyuha, hanyuma ugashonga, hamwe n'ubucucike bwa 1.25-1.35 g / cm3. Ukurikije aho yoroshya, igabanijwemo ubushyuhe buke, ubushyuhe bwo hagati hamwe na asfalt yo hejuru. Ubushyuhe buringaniye bwa asfalt ni 54-56% yumuriro wamakara. Ibigize amakara yamakara biragoye cyane, bifitanye isano numutungo wamakara hamwe nibiri muri heteroatom, kandi binagira ingaruka kuri sisitemu yo gutunganya kokiya hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya amakara. Hariho ibipimo byinshi byo kuranga ikibanza cyamakara, nko koroshya bitumen, insimburangingo ya toluene (TI), kwinoline idashonga (QI), indangagaciro za kokiya, hamwe na rheologiya y’amakara.
Amakara yamakara akoreshwa nkuguhuza no gutwita mu nganda za karubone, kandi imikorere yayo igira uruhare runini mubikorwa byumusaruro nubwiza bwibicuruzwa bya karubone. Binder asfalt muri rusange ikoresha ubushyuhe buringaniye cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo hagati bwahinduwe asfalt ifite aho yoroshye yoroheje, agaciro kokisi yo hejuru, hamwe na resin ndende. Gutera inda ni ubushyuhe buciriritse bwa asfalt ifite aho yoroshya, QI yo hasi, hamwe nibyiza bya rheologiya.
Ishusho ikurikira irerekana uburyo bwo gukora amashanyarazi ya grafite munganda za karubone.
Kubara: Ibikoresho fatizo bya karubone bivurwa nubushyuhe hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango bisohokane nubushuhe nibintu bihindagurika birimo, kandi inzira yumusaruro ijyanye no kunoza imikorere yambere yo guteka yitwa calcination. Muri rusange, ibikoresho fatizo bya karubone bibarwa ukoresheje gaze hamwe n’ibirunga byayo nkisoko yubushyuhe, kandi ubushyuhe ntarengwa ni 1250-1350 ° C.
Kubara bigira impinduka zikomeye mumiterere n'imiterere ya fiziki ya chimique yibikoresho fatizo bya karubone, cyane cyane mukuzamura ubucucike, imbaraga za mashini hamwe n’amashanyarazi ya kokiya, kunoza imiterere y’imiti no kurwanya okiside ya kokiya, bigashyiraho urufatiro rwibikorwa bizakurikiraho. .
Ibikoresho bibarwa birimo ahanini ikigega cya tanki, itanura ryizunguruka hamwe namashanyarazi. Igipimo ngenderwaho cyo kugenzura ubuziranenge ni uko ubucucike nyabwo bwa peteroli ya peteroli butari munsi ya 2.07g / cm3, kutarwanya ntibirenza 550μΩ.m, ubwinshi bwukuri bwa kokiya y'urushinge ntiburi munsi ya 2.12g / cm3, na kwihanganira ntabwo birenze 500μΩ.m.
Kumenagura ibikoresho bibisi n'ibiyigize
Mbere yo koga, igice kinini cya peteroli ya kokiya na kokiya y'urushinge bigomba guhonyorwa, hasi, no gushungura.
Kumenagura giciriritse mubisanzwe bikorwa no kumenagura ibikoresho bigera kuri mm 50 unyuze mu rwasaya, urusyo rwo ku nyundo, urusyo ruzunguruka n'ibindi nkibyo kugirango urusheho kumenagura ibikoresho bya mm 0,5-20 bikenerwa mu gutera.
Gusya ni inzira yo gusya ibintu bya karubone kugeza kuri poweri ntoya ya mm 0,15 mm cyangwa munsi yayo hamwe nubunini bwa mm 0,075 cyangwa munsi yayo hifashishijwe urusyo rwerekana impeta (uruganda rwa Raymond), urusyo rwumupira, cyangwa nibindi nkibyo .
Kugenzura ni inzira aho ibintu byinshi nyuma yo kumenagura bigabanijwemo ibice byinshi bingana ubunini buringaniye buringaniye buringaniye binyuze mumurongo wa sikeri ifungura kimwe. Umusaruro wa electrode ubungubu usaba pellet 4-5 hamwe n amanota ya poweri 1-2.
Ibigize ni uburyo bwo gukora bwo kubara, gupima no kwibanda ku bintu bitandukanye byegeranijwe hamwe na poro na binders ukurikije ibisabwa. Siyanse ikwiranye nubushakashatsi hamwe nuburyo buhamye bwibikorwa byo guterana biri mubintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumiterere yubuziranenge no gukora ibicuruzwa.
Inzira ikeneye kumenya ibintu 5:
1Hitamo ubwoko bwibikoresho fatizo;
2 kugena igipimo cyubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho fatizo;
3 kugena ingano yubunini bwibikoresho bikomeye;
4 kumenya ingano ya binder;
5 Menya ubwoko nubunini bwinyongera.
Gupfukama: Kuvanga no kugereranya ubunini butandukanye bwa karubone ya granules na poro hamwe nubunini runaka bwa binder ku bushyuhe runaka, no guteka paste ya plastike muburyo bwitwa guteka.
Uburyo bwo gupfukama: kuvanga byumye (20-35 min) kuvanga amazi (40-55 min)
Uruhare rwo gukata:
1 Iyo kuvanga byumye, ibikoresho bitandukanye bibisi bivangwa kimwe, kandi ibikoresho bikomeye bya karubone bifite ubunini butandukanye bivangwa kimwe kandi byuzuzwa kugirango byongere ubwuzuzanye bwuruvange;
2 Nyuma yo kongeramo ikibanza cyamakara, ibikoresho byumye na asfalt bivangwa kimwe. Amazi ya asfalt yambara umwenda umwe kandi atose hejuru ya granules kugirango agire urwego rwa asfalt ihuza, kandi ibikoresho byose birahambirizwa hamwe kugirango habeho gusiga plastike imwe. Bifasha kubumba;
Ibice 3 byikara ryamakara byinjira mumwanya wimbere wibikoresho bya karubone, bikarushaho kongera ubwinshi nubufatanye bwa paste.
Gushushanya: Kubumba ibintu bya karubone bivuga inzira yo guhindura plastike ya karubone ikaranze munsi yimbaraga zo hanze zikoreshwa nibikoresho byabumbwe kugirango amaherezo bibe umubiri wicyatsi (cyangwa ibicuruzwa bibisi) bifite imiterere, ubunini, ubwinshi nimbaraga. inzira.
Ubwoko bwo kubumba, ibikoresho nibicuruzwa byakozwe:
Uburyo bwo kubumba
Ibikoresho bisanzwe
ibicuruzwa nyamukuru
Gushushanya
Imashini ya hydraulic
Amashanyarazi ya karubone, urwego rwo hasi rwimiterere ya grafite
Gufata
Gorizontal hydraulic extruder
Kuramo ibicuruzwa
Graphite electrode, kare ya electrode
Guhinda umushyitsi
Imashini ibumba
Amatafari ya karuboni ya aluminium, itanura rya feri ya karubone
Kanda
Imashini ibumba Isostatike
Igishushanyo cya Isotropic, igishushanyo cya anisotropic
Gukata ibikorwa
Ibikoresho 1 byiza: ibikoresho byo gukonjesha disiki, ibikoresho byo gukonjesha silinderi, kuvanga no gukata ibikoresho byo gukonjesha, nibindi.
Kurekura ibirindiro, gabanya ubushyuhe bukwiye (90-120 ° C) kugirango wongere ifatanye, kugirango guhagarika paste bihure muminota 20-30
2 Kuzamura: kanda hejuru ya baffle - - inshuro 2-3 gukata - 4-10MPa
3 pre-pression: igitutu 20-25MPa, umwanya 3-5min, mugihe vacuuming
4 gusohora: kanda hasi kuri baffle —5-15MPa gusohora - gukata - mukonje
Ibipimo bya tekiniki yo gukuramo: igipimo cyo kwikuramo, icyumba cyandika nubushyuhe bwa nozzle, ubushyuhe bukonje, igihe cyumuvuduko wumuvuduko, umuvuduko wo gukuramo, umuvuduko wo gusohora, ubushyuhe bwamazi akonje
Kugenzura umubiri wicyatsi: ubwinshi bwinshi, gukanda kugaragara, gusesengura
Kubara: Nuburyo inzira ya karubone umubiri wicyatsi wuzuzwa mu itanura ryabugenewe ryabugenewe ririnzwe nuwuzuza kugirango ukore ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango karubone ikara ryamakara mumubiri wicyatsi. Coke ya bitumen yakozwe nyuma ya karuboni ya makara ya bitumen ikomeza igiteranyo cya karubone hamwe nuduce twa poro hamwe, hamwe nibicuruzwa bya karubone bibarwa bifite imbaraga zumukanishi, imbaraga nke zamashanyarazi, guhagarara neza kwumuriro no gutuza imiti. .
Kubara nimwe mubikorwa byingenzi mugukora ibicuruzwa bya karubone, kandi nigice cyingenzi mubikorwa bitatu byingenzi byo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwo gukora amashanyarazi ya grafite. Umusaruro wo kubara ni muremure (iminsi 22-30 yo guteka, iminsi 5-20 kumatanura yo guteka 2), hamwe no gukoresha ingufu nyinshi. Ubwiza bwicyatsi kibisi bugira ingaruka kumiterere yibicuruzwa byarangiye nigiciro cyumusaruro.
Ikara ry'icyatsi kibisi mumubiri wicyatsi kokiya mugihe cyo gutwika, kandi hafi 10% yibintu bihindagurika birekurwa, kandi ingano ikorwa no kugabanuka kwa 2-3%, naho igihombo kinini ni 8-10%. Imiterere yumubiri na chimique ya karubone bilet nayo yarahindutse cyane. Umubyimba wagabanutse uva kuri 1,70 g / cm3 ugera kuri 1,60 g / cm3 kandi ubukana bwaragabanutse buva kuri 10000 μΩ · m bugera kuri 40-50 μΩ · m kubera kwiyongera kwinshi. Imbaraga za mashini za bilet zabazwe nazo zari nini. Kugira ngo utere imbere.
Guteka kwa kabiri ni uburyo ibicuruzwa bibarwa byinjizwa hanyuma bikabarwa kugirango ube karubone ikibanza cyinjijwe mu byobo byibicuruzwa bibarwa. Electrode isaba ubucucike bwinshi (ubwoko bwose usibye RP) hamwe nibisanzwe bifatanyirizwa hamwe, kandi ibihuriweho hamwe nabyo bikorerwa bitatu-bine bine cyangwa bibiri-bitatu.
Ubwoko bw'itanura nyamukuru rya roaster:
Gukomeza gukora —- itanura ry'impeta (rifite igifuniko, ridafite igifuniko), itanura rya tuneli
Igikorwa cyigihe gito - gusubiza inyuma itanura, munsi ya roaster, agasanduku
Kubara umurongo n'ubushyuhe ntarengwa:
Guteka inshuro imwe —- 320, 360, 422, amasaha 480, 1250 ° C.
Kotsa kabiri - amasaha 125, 240, 280, 700-800 ° C.
Kugenzura ibicuruzwa bitetse: gukanda kugaragara, kurwanya amashanyarazi, ubwinshi bwimbaraga, imbaraga zo kwikuramo, gusesengura imiterere yimbere
Kwinjiza ni inzira aho ibintu bya karubone bishyirwa mu cyombo cy’umuvuduko kandi ikibanza cy’amazi atwite cyinjizwa mu byobo bya electrode y’ibicuruzwa mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe. Ikigamijwe ni ukugabanya ubukana bwibicuruzwa, kongera ubwinshi bwimbaraga nimbaraga za mashini yibicuruzwa, no kunoza amashanyarazi nubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa.
Igikorwa cyo gutera akabariro hamwe nibikoresho bya tekiniki bifitanye isano ni: bilet ikaranze - gusukura hejuru - gushyushya (260-380 ° C, amasaha 6-10) - gupakira ikigega cyo gutera - vacuuming (8-9KPa, 40-50min) - Gutera bitumen (180 -200 ° C) - Kanda (1.2-1.5 MPa, amasaha 3-4) - Garuka kuri asfalt - Gukonja (imbere cyangwa hanze yikigega)
Igenzura ryibicuruzwa byatewe: igipimo cyo kongera ibiro G = (W2-W1) / W1 × 100%
Igipimo kimwe cyo kugabanuka ibiro ≥14%
Icyiciro cya kabiri cyatewe no kongera ibiro byiyongereye ≥ 9%
Ibicuruzwa bitatu byo guta ibiro byongera ibiro ≥ 5%
Graphitisation bivuga uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane aho ibicuruzwa bya karubone bishyuha kugeza ku bushyuhe bwa 2300 ° C cyangwa birenga mu buryo bwo gukingira mu itanura ry’amashanyarazi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru kugira ngo uhindure karubone yubatswe ya amorphous mu bice bitatu byateganijwe igishushanyo mbonera.
Intego n'ingaruka zo gushushanya:
1 kunoza imiyoboro nubushyuhe bwumuriro wibikoresho bya karubone (birwanya kugabanuka inshuro 4-5, nubushyuhe bwumuriro bwiyongera inshuro 10);
2 kunoza ihungabana ryumuriro hamwe nubumara bwimiti yibikoresho bya karubone (coefficient de la coiffure yagabanutseho 50-80%);
3 gukora ibintu bya karubone amavuta yo kwisiga no kurwanya abrasion;
4 Umwanda mwinshi, utezimbere ubuziranenge bwibintu bya karubone (ivu ryibicuruzwa bigabanuka kuva 0.5-0.8% kugeza kuri 0.3%).
Kumenyekanisha inzira yo gushushanya:
Igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho bya karubone bikorwa ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa 2300-3000 ° C, bityo rero birashobora kugerwaho gusa no gushyushya amashanyarazi mu nganda, ni ukuvuga ko amashanyarazi anyura mu bicuruzwa bishyushye bishyushye, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byabazwe byishyuwe mu itanura ryakozwe numuyagankuba ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Umuyobora yongeye kuba ikintu gishyuha ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Amatanura akoreshwa cyane arimo itanura rya Acheson hamwe n’itanura ry’imbere (LWG). Iyambere ifite umusaruro munini, itandukaniro rinini ryubushyuhe, hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi. Iyanyuma ifite igihe gito cyo gushyushya, gukoresha ingufu nke, kurwanya amashanyarazi amwe, kandi ntibikwiye.
Igenzura ryimikorere igenzurwa no gupima ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikwiranye nubushyuhe bwo kuzamuka. Igihe cyo gutanga amashanyarazi ni amasaha 50-80 kumatanura ya Acheson namasaha 9-15 kumatanura ya LWG.
Imbaraga zikoreshwa mugushushanya ni nini cyane, muri rusange 3200-4800KWh, kandi ikiguzi cyibikorwa bingana na 20-35% yikiguzi cyose.
Kugenzura ibicuruzwa byashushanyije: gukanda kugaragara, ikizamini cyo kurwanya
Imashini: Intego yo gutunganya imashini ya carbone grafite ni ukugera ku bunini busabwa, imiterere, neza, nibindi ukata kugirango ukore umubiri wa electrode hamwe nu ngingo ukurikije ibisabwa kugirango ukoreshwe.
Graphite itunganya electrode igabanijwemo inzira ebyiri zigenga gutunganya: umubiri wa electrode hamwe.
Gutunganya umubiri bikubiyemo intambwe eshatu zo kurambirana no kurangiriza mu maso, uruziga rwo hanze no mu maso hakeye no ku nsyo. Gutunganya ingingo zifatika zishobora kugabanywamo inzira 6: gukata, isura yanyuma, isura yimodoka, umugozi wo gusya, gucukura Bolt.
Guhuza ingingo ya electrode: guhuza guhuza (indobo eshatu nindobo imwe), guhuza silindrike ihuza, guhuza (guhuza igitsina gabo nigitsina gore)
Igenzura ryimashini ikora neza: gutandukanya urudodo rwumudozi, ikibanza cyurudodo, guhuza (umwobo) gutandukana kwa diameter nini, guhuza umwobo uhuriweho, guhuza umwobo uhagaritse, electrode iherezo ryimbere, guhuza ingingo enye. Reba hamwe nimpeta zidasanzwe zipima.
Kugenzura electrode yarangiye: ubunyangamugayo, uburemere, uburebure, diameter, ubwinshi bwinshi, kurwanya, kwihanganira mbere yinteko, nibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-31-2019