Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amazwe emhlabeni jikelele akhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamandla e-hydrogen ngesivinini esingakaze sibe khona. Ngokombiko okhishwe ngokuhlanganyela yi-International Hydrogen Energy Commission kanye noMcKinsey, amazwe angaphezu kuka-30 nezifunda akhiphe umgwaqo wokuthuthukiswa kwamandla e-hydrogen, futhi ukutshalwa kwezimali emhlabeni jikelele kumaphrojekthi we-hydrogen energy kuzofinyelela ku-300 billion US dollar ngo-2030.
Amandla e-hydrogen amandla akhishwa i-hydrogen ngesikhathi soshintsho olubonakalayo namakhemikhali. I-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo kungashiswa ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla okushisa, futhi kungashintshwa kube ugesi ngamaseli amafutha. I-Hydrogen ayinayo imithombo eminingi ehlukahlukene kuphela, kodwa futhi inezinzuzo zokuqhuba ukushisa okuhle, okuhlanzekile nokungenabuthi, nokushisa okuphezulu ngeyunithi ngayinye. Ukushisa kwe-hydrogen ngesisindo esifanayo cishe kuphindwe kathathu kunophethiloli. Kuyimpahla ebalulekile embonini ye-petrochemical kanye nophethiloli wamandla werokhethi yasemkhathini. Ngocingo olukhulayo lokubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu futhi kuzuzwe ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, amandla e-hydrogen kulindeleke ukuthi aguqule uhlelo lwamandla omuntu.
Amandla e-hydrogen awathandwa nje kuphela ngenxa yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni eyiziro ekukhishweni kwawo, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuthi i-hydrogen ingasetshenziswa njengesithwali sokugcina amandla ukuze yenze ukuntengantenga nokunqamuka kwamandla avuselelekayo futhi ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwakamuva. . Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe be-"electricity to gas" obukhuthazwa uhulumeni waseJalimane ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen ukugcina ugesi ohlanzekile njengamandla omoya namandla elanga, angeke asetshenziswe ngesikhathi, nokuthutha i-hydrogen ibanga elide ukuze isebenze ngokuqhubekayo. ukusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwesimo segesi, i-hydrogen ingaphinda ibonakale njenge-hydride ewuketshezi noma eqinile, enezinhlobo ezahlukene zokugcina nezokuthutha. Njengamandla angavamile "ahlanganisayo", amandla e-hydrogen akakwazi nje ukubona ukuguqulwa okuguquguqukayo phakathi kukagesi ne-hydrogen, kodwa futhi akhe "ibhuloho" ukuze abone ukuhlangana kukagesi, ukushisa, okubandayo ngisho nokuqinile, igesi kanye nezibaso eziwuketshezi, ukuze ukwakha uhlelo lwamandla oluhlanzekile futhi olusebenza kahle.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamandla e-hydrogen zinezimo zokusetshenziswa eziningi. Ekupheleni kuka-2020, ubunikazi bomhlaba wonke bezimoto ze-hydrogen fuel cell buzokhuphuka ngo-38% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwamandla e-hydrogen kukhula kancane kancane kusuka endaweni yezimoto kuya kweminye imikhakha efana nezokuthutha, ezokwakha kanye nezimboni. Uma isetshenziswa kumzila wesitimela nemikhumbi, amandla e-hydrogen anganciphisa ukuncika kokuhamba ibanga elide nomthwalo omkhulu kumafutha endabuko kanye negesi. Isibonelo, ekuqaleni konyaka odlule, iToyota yathuthukisa futhi yaletha iqoqo lokuqala le-hydrogen fuel cell systems emikhunjini yasolwandle. Isetshenziswa esizukulwaneni esisabalalisiwe, amandla e-hydrogen anganikeza amandla nokushisa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala nezohwebo. Amandla e-hydrogen angahlinzeka ngokuqondile ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisebenzayo, ama-ejenti anciphisayo kanye nemithombo yokushisa ephezulu ye-petrochemical, insimbi nensimbi, i-metallurgy nezinye izimboni zamakhemikhali, okunciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
Kodwa-ke, njengohlobo lwamandla esibili, amandla e-hydrogen akulula ukuwathola. I-Hydrogen itholakala ikakhulukazi emanzini nasezintweni ezimbiwa phansi njengengxube emhlabeni. Iningi lobuchwepheshe obukhona bokukhiqiza i-hydrogen buthembele emandleni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi futhi abukwazi ukugwema ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kusuka kumandla avuselelekayo bukhula kancane kancane, futhi i-zero carbon emission hydrogen ingakhiqizwa ngokuphehlwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye ne-electrolysis yamanzi. Ososayensi bahlola nobuchwepheshe obusha bokukhiqiza i-hydrogen, njenge-solar photolysis yamanzi ukuze kukhiqizwe i-hydrogen ne-biomass ukuze kukhiqizwe i-hydrogen. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-hydrogen enyukliya obuthuthukiswe yi-Institute of nuclear energy kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha bamandla eNyuvesi yaseTsinghua kulindeleke ukuthi buqale ukuboniswa eminyakeni eyi-10. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uchungechunge lwezimboni ze-hydrogen luhlanganisa nokugcinwa, ukuthutha, ukugcwalisa, ukufaka isicelo kanye nezinye izixhumanisi, nazo ezibhekene nezinselelo zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinkinga zezindleko. Uma sithatha isitoreji kanye nezinto zokuhamba njengesibonelo, i-hydrogen inabantu abambalwa futhi kulula ukuvuza ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elivamile nokucindezela. Ukuxhumana isikhathi eside nensimbi kuzodala "i-hydrogen embrittlement" kanye nokulimala kokugcina. Ukugcina nokuthutha kunzima kakhulu kunamalahle, uwoyela negesi yemvelo.
Njengamanje, amazwe amaningi azungeze zonke izici zocwaningo olusha lwe-hydrogen aseguquguqukayo, ubunzima bezobuchwepheshe ekukhuphukeni ukuze banqobe. Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesikali sokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-hydrogen nengqalasizinda yokugcina nezokuthutha, izindleko zamandla e-hydrogen nazo zinendawo enkulu yokwehla. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izindleko eziphelele ze-hydrogen energy industry chain kulindeleke ukuthi zehle ngesigamu ngo-2030. Silindele ukuthi umphakathi we-hydrogen uzosheshisa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-30-2021