I-China iyizwe elinendawo enkulukazi, izimo ze-geological ezakha i-ore ephakeme kakhulu, imithombo yamaminerali ephelele kanye nezinsizakusebenza eziningi. Iwumthombo omkhulu wamaminerali onemithombo yawo.
Ngokombono wokumbiwa kwezimbiwa, izizinda zomhlaba ezintathu ezinkulu ze-metalogenic sezingenile eShayina, ngakho imithombo yezimbiwa miningi, kanti nemithombo yezimbiwa isiphelele uma kuqhathaniswa. I-China ithole izinhlobo ezingu-171 zamaminerali, okuyi-156 yazo inezindawo ezigciniwe eziqinisekisiwe, futhi inani layo elingaba khona lisendaweni yesithathu emhlabeni.
Ngokusho kwezindawo ezigciniwe ezifakazelwe, kunezinhlobo ezingama-45 zamaminerali abusayo eChina. Ezinye zezinqolobane zamaminerali ziningi impela, njengezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile, i-tungsten, ithini, i-molybdenum, i-niobium, i-tantalum, isibabule, i-magnesite, i-boron, amalahle, njll., zonke zikleliswe phambili emhlabeni. Phakathi kwazo, izinhlobo ezinhlanu zezimbiwa phansi ngezokuqala emhlabeni. Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamaminerali.
1. I-Tungsten ore
I-China iyizwe elinezinsiza ze-tungsten ezicebe kakhulu emhlabeni. Kunamadiphozithi amaminerali afakazelwe angama-252 asatshalaliswa ezifundazweni ezingama-23 (izifunda). Ngokwezifundazwe (izifunda), i-Hunan (ikakhulukazi i-scheelite) kanye ne-Jiangxi (i-black-tungsten ore) yizona ezinkulu, ezinezigodlo ezibalelwa ku-33.8% kanye no-20.7% wesamba seziqiwi zikazwelonke ngokulandelana; I-Henan, i-Guangxi, i-Fujian, i-Guangdong, njll. Isifundazwe (isifunda) singesesibili.
Izindawo eziphambili zezimayini ze-tungsten zifaka iMayini ye-Hunan Shizhuyuan Tungsten, intaba ye-Jiangxi Xihua, intaba ye-Daji, intaba iPangu, intaba yaseGuimei, iMayini ye-Guangdong Lianhuashan Tungsten, iMayini ye-Fujian Luoluokeng Tungsten, iMayini ye-Gansu Ta'ergou Tungsten, kanye neMayini ye-Henan Sandaozhuang kanye ne-Aluminum ye-Tungsten .
I-Dayu County, eSifundazweni saseJiangxi, eChina idume umhlaba wonke "iTungsten Capital". Kunezimayini ze-tungsten ezingaphezu kuka-400 ezizungezwe. Ngemva kweMpi Ye-Opium, amaJalimane aqala ukuthola i-tungsten lapho. Ngaleso sikhathi, babethenga kuphela ngokuyimfihlo amalungelo okumba ama-yuan angama-500. Ngemuva kokutholakala kwabantu abashisekela izwe, baye basukuma ukuze bavikele izimayini nezimayini. Ngemva kwezingxoxo eziningi, ekugcineni ngathola amalungelo okumba ngo-1,000 yuan ngo-1908 futhi ngaqoqa izimali zokumba. Lona imboni yokuqala yokuthuthukisa imayini ye-tungsten e-Weinan.
Ingqikithi nesifanekiso sediphozithi ye-Dangping tungsten, County Dayu, Province of Jiangxi
Okwesibili, i-antimony ore
I-锑 iyinsimbi empunga esiliva enokumelana nokugqwala. Indima eyinhloko ye-niobium kuma-alloys ukukhulisa ubulukhuni, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi iziqinisi zensimbi noma ama-alloys.
I-China ingelinye lamazwe emhlabeni athola futhi asebenzisa i-antimony ore ngaphambili. Ezincwadini zasendulo ezinjengethi “Hanshu Food and Food” kanye nethi “Historical Records”, kukhona amarekhodi okungqubuzana. Ngaleso sikhathi, babengabizwa ngokuthi 锑, kodwa babebizwa ngokuthi “Lianxi.” Ngemva kokusungulwa kwe-New China, ukuhlola nokuthuthukiswa kweMayini yaseYankuang ngezinga elikhulu kwenziwa, futhi kwasungulwa ukuncibilika okuguquguqukayo kwesithando somlilo esine-sulfide concentrate blast furnace. Izinqolobane ze-antimony ore nokukhiqizwa zikleliswe kuqala emhlabeni, kanye nenani elikhulu lokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, ukukhiqizwa kwe-bismuth yensimbi ehlanzekile kakhulu (kuhlanganise nama-99.999%) kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu emhlophe kakhulu, emele izinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza emhlabeni.
I-China iyizwe elinemithombo emikhulu yemithombo ye-plutonium emhlabeni, ebalelwa ku-52% wengqikithi yomhlaba wonke. Kunezimayini zaseYankuang ezingu-171 ezaziwayo, ezisatshalaliswe kakhulu eHunan, Guangxi, Tibet, Yunnan, Guizhou naseGansu. Isamba esigciniwe sezifundazwe eziyisithupha sibalelwa ku-87.2% wesamba sezinsiza ezihlonziwe. Isifundazwe esinemithombo emikhulu ye-锑 yi-Hunan. Idolobha lamanzi abandayo kulesi sifundazwe liyimayini ye-antimony enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, eyingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yomkhiqizo wonyaka wezwe.
Le nsiza yase-United States incike kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwe-China futhi ibaluleke kakhulu kunemihlaba engavamile. Kubikwa ukuthi u-60% wamaYankuang athengwa e-United States aqhamuka eChina. Njengoba isimo seShayina emazweni ngamazwe siya ngokuya sikhuphuka, kancane kancane siye saba nekhono elithile lokukhuluma. Ngo-2002, i-China yahlongoza ukwamukela uhlelo lwe-quota lokuthumela i-Yankuang kwamanye amazwe, futhi ibambe ngokuqinile izinsiza ezandleni zayo. Ngo, ukuthuthukisa ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezwe labo.
Okwesithathu, i-bentonite
I-Bentonite iwumthombo obalulekile wamaminerali angeyona insimbi, ikakhulukazi eyakhiwe i-montmorillonite enesakhiwo esinezingqimba. Ngoba i-bentonite inochungechunge lwezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ezifana nokuvuvukala, i-adsorption, ukumiswa, i-dispersibility, ukushintshaniswa kwe-ion, ukuzinza, i-thixotropy, njll., inokusebenzisa okungaphezu kuka-1000, ngakho inegama elithi "ubumba lomhlaba wonke"; ingacutshungulwa ibe Ama-Adhesives, ama-suspending agents, ama-thixotropic agents, ama-catalysts, ama-clarifiers, ama-adsorbents, abathwali bamakhemikhali, njll. asetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene futhi aziwa ngokuthi "izinto ezisetshenziswayo jikelele".
Izinsiza ze-bentonite zaseChina zicebile kakhulu, ezinomthombo ohlongozwayo ongaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7. Itholakala ezinhlobonhlobo ze-bentonite ezisekelwe e-calcium kanye ne-sodium-based bentonites, kanye ne-hydrogen-based, i-aluminium-based, i-soda-calcium-based and bentonites engacacisiwe. Izinqolobane ze-sodium bentonite zingamathani ayizigidi ezingu-586.334, ezibalelwa ku-24% wengqikithi yokugcina; izindawo ezingaba khona ze-sodium bentonite zingamathani ayizigidi ezingu-351.586; izinhlobo ze-aluminium ne-hydrogen ngaphandle kwe-calcium ne-sodium bentonite akhawunti cishe 42%.
Okwesine, titanium
Ngokwezinqolobane, ngokwezilinganiso, isamba semithombo yomhlaba ye-ilmenite kanye ne-rutile idlula amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili, kanti izinqolobane ezisebenzisekayo ngokwezomnotho zingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-770. Phakathi kwemithombo ecacile yomhlaba wonke yezinsiza ze-titanium, i-ilmenite yenza ama-94%, kanti enye i-rutile. I-China iyizwe elineziqiwu ezinkulu kakhulu ze-ilmenite, ezinezinqolobane zamathani ayizigidi ezingama-220, ezibalelwa ku-28.6% wesamba seziqiwi zomhlaba. I-Australia, i-India neNingizimu Afrika ikleliswe endaweni yesibili kuya kwesine. Mayelana nokukhiqizwa, ukukhiqizwa kwe-titanium ore okune okuhamba phambili emhlabeni wonke ngo-2016 kwakuyiNingizimu Afrika, China, Australia kanye neMozambique.
I-Global titanium ore reserves ukusatshalaliswa ngo-2016
I-titanium ore yaseChina isatshalaliswa ezifundazweni ezingaphezu kweziyi-10 nasezifundeni ezizimele. I-titanium ore ikakhulukazi i-titanium ore, i-rutile ore kanye ne-ilmenite ore ku-vanadium-titanium magnetite. I-Titanium ku-vanadium-titanium magnetite ikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi endaweni yasePanzhihua eSichuan. Izimayini zeRutile zikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi eHubei, Henan, Shanxi nakwezinye izifundazwe. I-Ilmenite ore ikhiqizwa kakhulu eHainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi nakwezinye izifundazwe (izifunda). Iziqiwu ze-TiO2 ze-ilmenite zingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-357, zikleliswe kuqala emhlabeni.
Eyesihlanu, insimbi yomhlaba eyivelakancane
I-China iyizwe elikhulu elinemithombo yomhlaba engavamile. Ayicebile kuphela ngezinqolobane, kodwa futhi inezinzuzo zamaminerali aphelele kanye nezakhi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane, izinga eliphezulu lomhlaba ongavamile kanye nokusabalalisa okunengqondo kwamaphoyinti e-ore, okwenza isisekelo esiqinile sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yomhlaba engavamile yaseShayina.
Amaminerali abalulekile aseShayina ayivelakancane ahlanganisa: Imayini yomhlaba engavamile i-Baiyun Ebo, imayini yomhlaba eyivelakancane i-Shandong Weishan, imayini yomhlaba engavamile, i-Jiangxi weathering shell leaching uhlobo lwemayini yomhlaba engavamile, imayini ye-trout ensundu ye-Hunan kanye nemayini yesihlabathi esogwini olude.
I-Baiyun Obo eyi-rare earth ore ihambisana nensimbi. Amaminerali abalulekile omhlaba ayivelakancane yi-fluorocarbon antimony ore kanye ne-monazite. Isilinganiso singu-3:1, esifinyelele izinga lokubuyiselwa komhlaba elingavamile. Ngakho-ke, ibizwa ngokuthi i-mixed ore. Isamba se-REO yomhlaba eyivelakancane singamathani ayizigidi ezingama-35, okubalelwa kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-35. Amaphesenti angama-38 ezindawo ezigciniwe emhlabeni angamayini amakhulu kunawo wonke ayivelakancane emhlabeni.
I-Weishan rare earth ore kanye ne-Suining rare ore yomhlaba ikakhulukazi akhiwe nge-bastnasite ore, ephelezelwa i-barite, njll., futhi kulula ukukhetha ama-earth ore ayivelakancane.
I-Jiangxi weathering crust leaching ore yomhlaba engavamile uhlobo olusha lwamaminerali angavamile. Ukuncibilika nokuncibilikisa kwawo kulula, futhi kuqukethe umhlaba ongavamile ophakathi nendawo nosindayo. Iwuhlobo lwensimbi yomhlaba eyivelakancane enokuncintisana kwemakethe.
Izihlabathi zasogwini zaseChina nazo zicebe ngokwedlulele. Ugu lweSouth China Sea kanye nogu lwaseHainan Island kanye neTaiwan Island lungabizwa ngokuthi ugu lwegolide lwezindawo zesihlabathi ezisogwini. Kunezindawo zesimanje zesihlabathi se-sedimentary kanye nezimayini zesihlabathi zasendulo, lapho i-monazite ne-xenotime iphathwa khona. Isihlabathi solwandle sitholwa njengomkhiqizo lapho silulama i-ilmenite ne-zircon.
Yize imithombo yamaminerali yaseChina inothe kakhulu, kodwa abantu bangama-58% omhlaba ngomuntu ngamunye, bekleliswe endaweni yama-53 emhlabeni. Futhi izici zaseShayina zemithombo yemali zimbi futhi zinzima ukuzithola, kunzima ukuzikhetha, kunzima ukuzimayini. Iningi lamadiphozithi anezinqolobane ezifakazelwe ze-bauxite namanye amaminerali amakhulu ayinsimbi embi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaminerali asezingeni eliphakeme njenge-tungsten ore asetshenziswa ngokweqile, futhi iningi lawo lisetshenziselwa ukuthekelisa, okuholela emananini aphansi emikhiqizo yezimbiwa kanye nokumoshakala kwezinsiza. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqhutshekwe nokwandisa imizamo yokulungisa, kuvikelwe izinsiza, kuqinisekiswe intuthuko, futhi kusungulwe izwi lomhlaba wonke ngemithombo yezimayini ehamba phambili. Umthombo: I-Mining Exchange
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-11-2019