[Ukuminyana kwamandla wamabhethri e-lithium esikhathini esizayo kungase kufinyelele izikhathi ezingu-1.5 kuya kwezingu-2 kunamanje, okusho ukuthi amabhethri azoba mancane. ]
[Ibanga lokunciphisa izindleko zebhethri ye-lithium-ion okungenani liphakathi kuka-10% no-30%. Kunzima ukwehlisa inani lentengo. ]
Kusukela kuma-smartphone kuya ezimotweni zikagesi, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri bungena kancane kancane kuzo zonke izici zempilo. Ngakho-ke, iyiphi indlela ibhethri elizothuthukiswa ngayo futhi yiziphi izinguquko elizoziletha emphakathini? Unale mibuzo engqondweni, intatheli yeFirst Financial yaxoxisana nayo ngenyanga edlule u-Akira Yoshino, usosayensi waseJapan owazuza umklomelo weNobel kuKhemistry wamabhethri e-lithium-ion kulo nyaka.
Ngokubona kukaYoshino, amabhethri e-lithium-ion asazobusa embonini yebhethri eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha obufana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye ne-inthanethi Yezinto kuzoletha izinguquko "ezingacatshangwa" kumathemba okusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion.
Ushintsho olungacabangeki
Lapho u-Yoshino eqaphela igama elithi "ephathekayo", wabona ukuthi umphakathi udinga ibhethri elisha. Ngo-1983, ibhethri yokuqala ye-lithium emhlabeni yazalwa eJapane. U-Yoshino Akira ukhiqize i-prototype yokuqala emhlabeni yebhethri le-lithium-ion elishajekayo, futhi uzokwenza umnikelo oncomekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-smartphone nasezimotweni zikagesi esikhathini esizayo.
Ngenyanga edlule, u-Akira Yoshino engxoxweni ekhethekile ne-No. 1 Financial Journalist ukuthi ngemva kokuzwa ukuthi uzuze uMklomelo KaNobel, “akanayo imizwa yangempela.” “Izingxoxo ezigcwele kamuva zangenza ngaba matasa kakhulu, futhi angikwazanga ukujabula kakhulu.” Kusho u-Akira Yoshino. “Kodwa njengoba selusondela usuku lokuthola izindondo ngoZibandlela, iqiniso lemiklomelo liya ngokuya liqina.”
Eminyakeni engu-30 edlule, izazi ezingama-27 zaseJapane noma zaseJapane ziye zazuza uMklomelo KaNobel kuKhemistry, kodwa zimbili kuphela kuzo, kuhlanganise no-Akira Yoshino, ezithole imiklomelo njengabacwaningi bezinkampani. "EJapan, abacwaningi abavela ezikhungweni zocwaningo nasemanyuvesi ngokuvamile bathola imiklomelo, futhi bambalwa abacwaningi bezinkampani abavela embonini abaphumelele imiklomelo." U-Akira Yoshino utshele i-First Financial Journalist. Uphinde wagcizelela okulindelwe yimboni. Ukholelwa ukuthi luningi ucwaningo lwezinga likaNobel ngaphakathi kwenkampani, kodwa imboni yaseJapane kufanele ithuthukise ubuholi nokusebenza kahle kwayo.
U-Yoshino Akira ukholelwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha njengobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye ne-inthanethi Yezinto kuzoletha izinguquko "ezingacatshangwa" kumathemba okusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Isibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe kuzosheshisa inqubo yokuklama ibhethri kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha, futhi Kungaphazamisa ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri, okuvumela ibhethri ukuthi lisetshenziswe endaweni engcono kakhulu.
U-Yoshino Akira naye ukhathazeke kakhulu ngegalelo locwaningo lwakhe ekuxazululeni izinkinga zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni. Utshele iFirst Financial Journalist ukuthi uklonyeliswe ngezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala ukufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi ohambahambayo ohlakaniphile; okwesibili ukuhlinzeka ngezindlela ezibalulekile zokuvikela imvelo yomhlaba wonke. “Igalelo ekuvikelweni kwemvelo lizobonakala ngokuzayo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, leli futhi kuyithuba elihle lebhizinisi. ” U-Akira Yoshino utshele intatheli yezezimali.
U-Yoshino Akira utshele abafundi ngesikhathi senkulumo e-Meijo University njengoprofesa owanikeza okulindelekile okukhulu komphakathi ekusebenziseni amandla avuselelekayo namabhethri njengendlela yokumelana nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, uzoletha ulwazi lwakhe siqu, kuhlanganise nemicabango mayelana nezindaba zemvelo. ”
Ubani ozobusa imboni yebhethri
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bebhethri kuqalise uguquko lwamandla. Kusukela kumafoni ahlakaniphile kuya ezimotweni zikagesi, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri bukhona yonke indawo, bushintsha zonke izici zezimpilo zabantu. Ukuthi ibhethri lesikhathi esizayo lizoba namandla futhi izindleko eziphansi zizothinta ngamunye wethu.
Njengamanje, imboni izibophezele ekwenzeni ngcono ukuphepha kwebhethri ngenkathi ikhulisa ukuminyana kwamandla ebhethri. Ukwenziwa ngcono kokusebenza kwebhethri nakho kusiza ukubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngokusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo.
Ngokubona kukaYoshino, amabhethri e-lithium-ion asazobusa embonini yebhethri eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa nokukhuphuka kobuchwepheshe obusha nakho kuzoqhubeka nokuqinisa ukulinganisa kanye namathemba embonini. U-Yoshino Akira utshele i-First Business News ukuthi ukuminyana kwamandla amabhethri e-lithium esikhathini esizayo kungase kufinyelele izikhathi ezingu-1.5 izikhathi ezingu-2 kunamanje, okusho ukuthi ibhethri lizoba lincane. "Lokhu kunciphisa impahla futhi ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa izindleko, kodwa ngeke kube nokwehla okukhulu kwezindleko zezinto." Uthe, “Ukwehla kwezindleko zamabhethri e-lithium-ion okungenani kuphakathi kuka-10% no-30%. Ukufuna ukunciphisa inani lentengo Kunzima Kakhudlwana. ”
Ingabe izinto zikagesi zizoshaja ngokushesha ngokuzayo? Ephendula, u-Akira Yoshino uthe ifoni ephathekayo igcwele emaminithini angu-5-10, okuye kwafinyelelwa elabhorethri. Kodwa ukushaja okusheshayo kudinga i-voltage enamandla, ezothinta impilo yebhethri. Ezimweni eziningi empeleni, abantu bangase bangadingi ukushaja ngokushesha okukhulu.
Kusukela kumabhethri e-lead-acid yokuqala, kuya kumabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride okuyizinsika zezinkampani zaseJapan ezifana neToyota, kuya kumabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenziswa yi-Tesla Roaster ngo-2008, amabhethri e-lithium-ion endabuko aye abusa ibhethri lamandla. emakethe iminyaka eyishumi. Ngokuzayo, ukungqubuzana phakathi kokuminyana kwamandla kanye nezidingo zokuphepha kanye nobuchwepheshe bebhethri be-lithium-ion bendabuko kuzogqama kakhulu.
Ephendula ukuhlolwa nemikhiqizo yebhethri yesimo esiqinile evela ezinkampanini zaphesheya kwezilwandle, u-Akira Yoshino uthe: “Ngicabanga ukuthi amabhethri esimo esiqinile amele isiqondiso sesikhathi esizayo, futhi sisesikhulu isikhala sokuthuthukiswa. Ngethemba ukuthi ngizobona inqubekelaphambili entsha maduze.”
Uphinde wathi amabhethri e-solid state afana nobuchwepheshe namabhethri e-lithium-ion. “Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ijubane lokubhukuda kwe-lithium ion lingagcina lifinyelele cishe izikhathi ezi-4 kunejubane lamanje.” U-Akira Yoshino utshele intatheli kuFirst Business News.
Amabhethri esimo esiqinile amabhethri e-lithium-ion asebenzisa ama-electrolyte aqinile. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-electrolyte esimo esiqinile athatha indawo ye-electrolyte engaba khona ukuqhuma kumabhethri e-lithium-ion endabuko, lokhu kuxazulula izinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu zokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu nokusebenza kokuphepha okuphezulu. Ama-electrolyte esimo esiqinile asetshenziswa ngamandla afanayo Ibhethri elithatha indawo ye-electrolyte linomthamo omkhulu wamandla, ngesikhathi esifanayo linamandla amakhulu kanye nesikhathi sokusebenzisa isikhathi eside, okuwumkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwesizukulwane esilandelayo samabhethri e-lithium.
Kodwa amabhethri esimo esiqinile nawo abhekana nezinselelo ezinjengokunciphisa izindleko, ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwama-electrolyte aqinile, nokugcina ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-electrode nama-electrolyte ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha. Njengamanje, izinkampani eziningi zezimoto ezinkulu emhlabeni jikelele zitshala imali eningi ku-R & D ukuthola amabhethri esimo esiqinile. Isibonelo, i-Toyota ithuthukisa ibhethri yesimo esiqinile, kodwa izindleko azidalulwa. Izikhungo zocwaningo zibikezela ukuthi ngo-2030, isidingo sebhethri lesimo esiqinile emhlabeni jikelele kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele ku-500 GWh.
USolwazi Whitingham, owabelane ngeNobel Prize no-Akira Yoshino, uthe amabhethri e-solid state angase abe awokuqala ukusetshenziswa ezintweni zikagesi ezincane ezifana nomakhalekhukhwini. "Ngoba kusenezinkinga ezinkulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlelo ezinkulu." Kusho uSolwazi Wittingham.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-16-2019