M’zaka zaposachedwapa, maiko padziko lonse lapansi akulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale amphamvu a haidrojeni pa liwiro losayerekezeka. Malinga ndi lipoti lomwe linatulutsidwa ndi International Hydrogen Energy Commission ndi McKinsey, mayiko ndi madera oposa 30 atulutsa njira ya chitukuko cha mphamvu ya hydrogen, ndipo ndalama zapadziko lonse muzinthu zamagetsi za hydrogen zidzafika madola 300 biliyoni pofika 2030.
Mphamvu ya haidrojeni ndi mphamvu yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi haidrojeni pakusintha kwakuthupi ndi kwamankhwala. Hydrogen ndi mpweya zimatha kuwotchedwa kuti zipange mphamvu ya kutentha, komanso zimatha kusinthidwa kukhala magetsi ndi ma cell amafuta. Hydrogen sikuti imakhala ndi magwero ambiri, komanso imakhala ndi ubwino wa kutentha kwabwino, koyera komanso kopanda poizoni, komanso kutentha kwakukulu pa unit mass. Kutentha kwa hydrogen pamlingo womwewo ndi pafupifupi kuwirikiza katatu kuposa mafuta a petulo. Ndikofunikira kwambiri pamakampani a petrochemical ndi mafuta amagetsi a rocket yazamlengalenga. Ndi kuyitanidwa kochulukira kothana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ndikukwaniritsa kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni, mphamvu ya haidrojeni ikuyembekezeka kusintha mphamvu yamunthu.
Mphamvu ya haidrojeni imayamikiridwa osati chifukwa cha kutulutsa kwake kwa zero potulutsa, komanso chifukwa hydrogen imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chonyamulira chosungira mphamvu kuti ipangitse kusakhazikika komanso kutha kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chachikulu chakumapeto. . Mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo wa "electricity to gas" womwe boma la Germany limalimbikitsa ndi kupanga hydrogen kuti isunge magetsi oyera monga mphamvu yamphepo ndi mphamvu ya solar, zomwe sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito munthawi yake, komanso kunyamula hydrogen pamtunda wautali kuti igwire bwino ntchito. kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa mpweya wa mpweya, haidrojeni imatha kuwoneka ngati madzi kapena olimba hydride, omwe ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zosungirako ndi zoyendera. Monga mphamvu ya "couplant" yosowa, mphamvu ya haidrojeni sikuti imangozindikira kutembenuka kosinthika pakati pa magetsi ndi haidrojeni, komanso kumanga "mlatho" kuti uzindikire kulumikizana kwa magetsi, kutentha, kuzizira komanso ngakhale olimba, gasi ndi mafuta amadzimadzi. kuti apange dongosolo lamphamvu laukhondo komanso logwira ntchito bwino.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu ya haidrojeni imakhala ndi zochitika zingapo zogwiritsira ntchito. Pofika kumapeto kwa 2020, umwini wapadziko lonse wa magalimoto amafuta a hydrogen udzakwera ndi 38% poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya haidrojeni kukukulirakulira pang'onopang'ono kuchokera kumunda wamagalimoto kupita kumadera ena monga mayendedwe, zomangamanga ndi mafakitale. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito pamayendedwe a njanji ndi zombo, mphamvu ya haidrojeni imatha kuchepetsa kudalira mtunda wautali komanso wonyamula katundu wambiri pamafuta amafuta ndi gasi. Mwachitsanzo, kumayambiriro kwa chaka chatha, Toyota inapanga ndikupereka gulu loyamba la makina a hydrogen mafuta a zombo zapamadzi. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku mbadwo wogawidwa, mphamvu ya haidrojeni imatha kupereka mphamvu ndi kutentha kwa nyumba zogona ndi zamalonda. Mphamvu ya haidrojeni imathanso kupereka mwachindunji zida zopangira zopangira, zochepetsera komanso magwero apamwamba a kutentha kwa petrochemical, chitsulo ndi chitsulo, zitsulo ndi mafakitale ena amankhwala, kuchepetsa bwino mpweya wa carbon.
Komabe, ngati mphamvu yachiwiri, mphamvu ya haidrojeni sizovuta kupeza. Hydrojeni imapezeka makamaka m'madzi ndi mafuta opangira zinthu zakale monga zinthu zapadziko lapansi. Matekinoloje ambiri opanga ma haidrojeni omwe alipo amadalira mphamvu yamafuta ndipo sangapewe kutulutsa mpweya. Pakalipano, luso la kupanga haidrojeni kuchokera ku mphamvu zowonjezereka likukhwima pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zero carbon emission hydrogen ikhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi ndi electrolysis yamadzi. Asayansi akufufuzanso njira zatsopano zopangira hydrogen, monga solar photolysis yamadzi kuti apange haidrojeni ndi biomass kuti apange haidrojeni. Ukadaulo wopanga ma nyukiliya wa haidrojeni wopangidwa ndi Institute of nyukiliya ndiukadaulo watsopano wamagetsi a Tsinghua University ukuyembekezeka kuyamba kuwonetsa zaka 10. Kuphatikiza apo, unyolo wamakampani a haidrojeni umaphatikizaponso kusungirako, mayendedwe, kudzaza, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi maulalo ena, omwe akukumananso ndi zovuta zaukadaulo komanso zopinga zamtengo. Kutengera kusungirako ndi zoyendera monga mwachitsanzo, haidrojeni ndi yocheperako komanso yosavuta kutsitsa kutentha ndi kukakamizidwa. Kulumikizana kwanthawi yayitali ndi chitsulo kumayambitsa "kutsekeka kwa haidrojeni" ndikuwonongeka komaliza. Kusungirako ndi mayendedwe ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa malasha, mafuta ndi gasi.
Pakalipano, maiko ambiri ozungulira mbali zonse za kafukufuku watsopano wa haidrojeni ali pachimake, zovuta zaumisiri kukwera kuti zigonjetse. Ndi kukula kosalekeza kwa kukula kwa kupanga mphamvu za haidrojeni ndikusungirako ndi zoyendera, mtengo wa mphamvu ya haidrojeni ulinso ndi malo akulu ochepera. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti mtengo wonse wamakampani opanga mphamvu ya haidrojeni ukuyembekezeka kutsika ndi theka ndi 2030. Tikuyembekeza kuti gulu la haidrojeni lidzafulumira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-30-2021