China ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi gawo lalikulu, malo apamwamba kwambiri opangira miyala, mchere wathunthu komanso zinthu zambiri. Ndi gwero lalikulu la mchere ndi zinthu zake.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro a mineralization, madera atatu akuluakulu a metallogenic padziko lonse lapansi alowa ku China, kotero kuti mcherewu ndi wochuluka, ndipo mcherewo uli wokwanira. China yapeza mitundu 171 ya mchere, yomwe 156 ili ndi nkhokwe zotsimikizika, ndipo mtengo wake umakhala wachitatu padziko lonse lapansi.
Malinga ndi nkhokwe zotsimikizirika, pali mitundu 45 ya mchere waukulu ku China. Zina mwazosungiramo mchere ndizochuluka kwambiri, monga zitsulo zapadziko lapansi, tungsten, malata, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, sulfure, magnesite, boron, malasha, ndi zina zotero, zonse zomwe zili patsogolo pa dziko lapansi. Pakati pawo, mitundu isanu ya nkhokwe zamchere ndiyo yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ya mchere iti.
1. Mwala wa Tungsten
China ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi zinthu zambiri za tungsten padziko lapansi. Pali 252 zotsimikizirika zosungiramo mchere zomwe zagawidwa m'zigawo 23 (zigawo). Kumbali ya zigawo (zigawo), Hunan (makamaka scheelite) ndi Jiangxi (black-tungsten ore) ndi zazikulu kwambiri, ndipo nkhokwe zimawerengera 33.8% ndi 20.7% ya nkhokwe zonse zadziko motsatana; Henan, Guangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, etc. Chigawo (chigawo) ndi chachiwiri.
Madera akuluakulu a migodi ya tungsten akuphatikiza Mgodi wa Hunan Shizhuyuan Tungsten, Phiri la Jiangxi Xihua, Phiri la Daji, Phiri la Pangu, Phiri la Guimei, Mgodi wa Guangdong Lianhuashan Tungsten, Mgodi wa Fujian Luoluokeng Tungsten, Mgodi wa Gansu Ta'ergou Tungsten, ndi Henan Sandaozhuang Mine Aluminium ndi So on Tungsten .
Dayu County, Chigawo cha Jiangxi, China ndi dziko lodziwika bwino la "Tungsten Capital". Pali migodi yopitilira 400 ya tungsten yozungulira. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo ya Opium, Ajeremani anayamba kupeza tungsten kumeneko. Panthawiyo, adangogula mwachinsinsi ufulu wa migodi kwa 500 yuan. Anthu okonda dziko lawo atapezeka, adawuka kuti ateteze migodi ndi migodi. Pambuyo pa zokambirana zambiri, ndinapezanso ufulu wa migodi pa 1,000 yuan mu 1908 ndipo ndinapeza ndalama zothandizira migodi. Awa ndiye makampani oyambilira a tungsten mine ku Weinan.
Kore ndi chitsanzo cha Dangping tungsten gawo, Dayu County, Jiangxi Province
Chachiwiri, ore antimoni
锑 ndi siliva-imvi chitsulo ndi kukana dzimbiri. Ntchito yayikulu ya niobium mu aloyi ndikuwonjezera kuuma, komwe nthawi zambiri kumadziwika kuti zowumitsa zitsulo kapena ma aloyi.
China ndi amodzi mwa mayiko padziko lapansi omwe adapeza ndikugwiritsa ntchito miyala ya antimoni kale. M'mabuku akale monga "Hanshu Chakudya ndi Chakudya" ndi "Historical Records", pali zolembedwa zakulimbana. Panthawiyo, iwo sanali kutchedwa 锑, koma amatchedwa "Lianxi." Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa New China, kufufuza kwakukulu kwa nthaka ndi chitukuko cha Yankuang Mine kunachitika, ndipo kusungunula kosasunthika kwa sulfure sulphide concentrate concentrate ng'anjo kunapangidwa. China antimoni ore nkhokwe ndi kupanga udindo woyamba mu dziko, ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha katundu kunja, kupanga mkulu-chiyero zitsulo bismuth (kuphatikizapo 99.999%) ndi apamwamba kwambiri woyera wapamwamba, kuimira dziko patsogolo kupanga mlingo.
China ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi nkhokwe zazikulu za plutonium padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimawerengera 52% yazinthu zonse zapadziko lonse lapansi. Pali migodi 171 yodziwika ya Yankuang, yomwe imagawidwa ku Hunan, Guangxi, Tibet, Yunnan, Guizhou ndi Gansu. Zosungira zonse za zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi zidatenga 87.2% yazinthu zonse zomwe zadziwika. Chigawo chomwe chili ndi nkhokwe zazikulu za 锑 ndi Hunan. Mzinda wamadzi ozizira m'chigawochi ndi mgodi waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wa antimoni, womwe umapanga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zinthu zomwe dzikolo limatulutsa pachaka.
Chida ichi chaku United States chimadalira kwambiri zinthu zaku China kuchokera kunja ndipo ndichofunika kwambiri kuposa mayiko osowa. Akuti 60% ya Yankuang yotumizidwa kuchokera ku United States imachokera ku China. Pamene chikhalidwe cha China padziko lonse lapansi chikukulirakulira, pang'onopang'ono takhala tikudziŵa bwino kuyankhula. Mu 2002, dziko la China lidaganiza zotengera njira yogulitsira ku Yankuang kunja, ndikugwira zolimba m'manja mwake. Mu, kupanga kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha dziko lawo.
Chachitatu, bentonite
Bentonite ndi yamtengo wapatali yopanda zitsulo zamchere, makamaka yopangidwa ndi montmorillonite yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osanjikiza. Chifukwa bentonite ali ndi mndandanda wa zinthu zabwino kwambiri monga kutupa, adsorption, kuyimitsidwa, dispersibility, ion kusinthanitsa, kukhazikika, thixotropy, etc., ali ndi ntchito zoposa 1000, choncho ali ndi dzina la "dongo lonse"; imatha kusinthidwa kukhala Zomatira, zoyimitsa, othandizira a thixotropic, zothandizira, zowunikira, ma adsorbents, zonyamulira mankhwala, etc. amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana ndipo amadziwika kuti "zida zonse".
China bentonite chuma ndi olemera kwambiri, ndi gwero akuyembekezeka matani oposa 7 biliyoni. Amapezeka mumagulu ambiri a calcium-based bentonites ndi sodium-based bentonites, komanso hydrogen-based, aluminium-based, soda-calcium-based and unclassified bentonites. Zosungira za sodium bentonite ndi matani 586.334 miliyoni, omwe amawerengera 24% ya nkhokwe zonse; nkhokwe zomwe zikuyembekezeka za sodium bentonite ndi matani 351.586 miliyoni; mitundu ya aluminiyamu ndi haidrojeni kupatula calcium ndi sodium bentonite imakhala pafupifupi 42%.
Chachinayi, titaniyamu
Pankhani ya nkhokwe, malinga ndi kuyerekezera, chuma chonse cha ilmenite ndi rutile padziko lapansi chimaposa matani 2 biliyoni, ndipo nkhokwe zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pachuma ndi matani 770 miliyoni. Pakati pa nkhokwe zapadziko lonse lapansi zazinthu za titaniyamu, ilmenite ndi 94%, ndipo ena onse ndi a rutile. China ndiye dziko lomwe lili ndi nkhokwe zazikulu kwambiri za ilmenite, zomwe zili ndi matani 220 miliyoni, zomwe zimawerengera 28.6% yazosungira zonse padziko lapansi. Australia, India ndi South Africa ali pa nambala yachiwiri mpaka yachinayi. Pankhani ya kupanga, zida zinayi zapamwamba za titanium ore padziko lonse lapansi mu 2016 zinali South Africa, China, Australia ndi Mozambique.
Kugawidwa kwapadziko lonse kwa titanium ore mu 2016
Mwala wa titaniyamu waku China umagawidwa m'zigawo zoposa 10 komanso zigawo zodziyimira pawokha. Mwala wa titaniyamu makamaka ndi titanium ore, rutile ore ndi ilmenite ore mu vanadium-titanium magnetite. Titaniyamu mu vanadium-titanium magnetite imapangidwa makamaka kudera la Panzhihua ku Sichuan. Migodi ya Rutile imapangidwa makamaka ku Hubei, Henan, Shanxi ndi zigawo zina. Ilmenite ore imapangidwa makamaka ku Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi ndi zigawo zina (zigawo). Malo osungira a TiO2 a ilmenite ndi matani 357 miliyoni, omwe ali oyamba padziko lonse lapansi.
Chasanu, ore osowa padziko lapansi
China ndi dziko lalikulu lomwe lili ndi nkhokwe zosowa zapadziko lapansi. Sikuti ndi wolemera mu nkhokwe, komanso ali ndi ubwino wa mchere wathunthu ndi osowa nthaka zinthu, mkulu kalasi ya osowa nthaka ndi wololera kugawa mfundo ore, kuika maziko olimba chitukuko cha osowa dziko makampani China.
Mchere wapadziko lapansi wosowa kwambiri ku China ndi monga: Baiyun Ebo mgodi warare earth, Shandong Weishan rare earth mine, Suining rare earth mgodi, Jiangxi weathering shell leaching type rare earth mine, Hunan brown trout mgodi ndi mchenga wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Mwala wa Baiyun Obo wa Rare Earth umagwirizana ndi chitsulo. Mchere waukulu wapadziko lapansi wosowa kwambiri ndi fluorocarbon antimony ore ndi monazite. Chiŵerengero chake ndi 3: 1, chomwe chafika pamlingo wosowa kwambiri wochira. Choncho, amatchedwa ore wosakaniza. Chiwerengero chonse cha rere Earth REO ndi matani 35 miliyoni, omwe amawerengera pafupifupi matani 35 miliyoni. 38% ya nkhokwe zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi migodi yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Mwala wamtundu wa Weishan rare earth ore ndi Suining rare earth ore amapangidwa makamaka ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, yotsatiridwa ndi barite, ndi zina zotero, ndipo ndizosavuta kusankha miyala yapadziko lapansi yosowa.
Jiangxi weathering crust leaching rare earth ore ndi mtundu watsopano wa mineral earth osowa. Kusungunula kwake ndi kusungunula kwake n'kosavuta, ndipo kumakhala ndi nthaka yapakati ndi yolemera kwambiri. Ndi mtundu wa ore osowa padziko lapansi wokhala ndi mpikisano wamsika.
Mchenga wa m’mphepete mwa nyanja ku China nawonso ndi wolemera kwambiri. Mphepete mwa nyanja ya South China Sea ndi magombe a Hainan Island ndi Taiwan Island angatchedwe golide gombe la ma depositi mchenga m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Pali mchenga wamakono wa sedimentary ndi migodi yakale yamchenga, yomwe monazite ndi xenotime amathandizidwa. Mchenga wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja umapezedwanso ngati wopangidwa mwachilengedwe ukapezanso ilmenite ndi zircon.
Ngakhale chuma chamchere ku China ndi cholemera kwambiri, koma anthu ndi 58% ya chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikuyika 53 padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo mawonekedwe azinthu zaku China ndizosauka komanso zovuta kwanga, zovuta kusankha, zovuta kukumba. Zambiri mwazosungira zomwe zili ndi nkhokwe zotsimikiziridwa za bauxite ndi mchere wina waukulu ndi ore wosauka. Kuonjezera apo, mchere wapamwamba kwambiri monga tungsten ore umagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugulitsa kunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitengo ikhale yotsika komanso kuwononga chuma. Ndikofunikira kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zowongolera, kuteteza chuma, kuonetsetsa chitukuko, ndikukhazikitsa mawu apadziko lonse lapansi pazinthu zazikulu zamchere. Gwero: Mining Exchange
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-11-2019