Zolemba za mkonzi: Ukadaulo wamagetsi ndi tsogolo la dziko lapansi lobiriwira, ndipo ukadaulo wa batri ndiye maziko aukadaulo wamagetsi komanso chinsinsi choletsa kukula kwakukulu kwaukadaulo wamagetsi. Ukadaulo wamakono wa batri ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri. Komabe, lithiamu ndi chinthu chosowa chokwera mtengo komanso zinthu zochepa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamene kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu kumakula, mphamvu yamagetsi ya mabatire a lithiamu-ion sikukwanira. kuyankha bwanji? Mayank Jain atengapo zida zamabatire zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo. Nkhani yoyambirira idasindikizidwa pakatikati ndi mutu: The Future of Battery Technology
Dziko lapansi lili ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndipo tikuchita zonse zomwe tingathe kuti tigwire ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvuzo. Ngakhale kuti tachita bwino kwambiri pakusintha mphamvu zongowonjezera mphamvu, sitinapite patsogolo kwambiri pakusunga mphamvu.
Pakali pano, muyeso wapamwamba kwambiri wa teknoloji ya batri ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Batire iyi ikuwoneka kuti ili ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri, yogwira ntchito kwambiri (pafupifupi 99%), ndi moyo wautali.
Ndiye chalakwika ndi chiyani? Pamene mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa zomwe timagwira zikupitilira kukula, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamabatire a lithiamu-ion sikukwanira.
Popeza tikhoza kupitiriza kupanga mabatire m'magulu, izi sizikuwoneka ngati zazikulu, koma vuto ndiloti lithiamu ndi chitsulo chosowa kwambiri, choncho mtengo wake siwotsika. Ngakhale ndalama zopangira batire zikutsika, kufunikira kosungirako mphamvu kukukulirakuliranso.
Tafika pamene batire ya lithiamu ion ikapangidwa, idzakhudza kwambiri makampani opanga mphamvu.
Kuchulukirachulukira kwamphamvu kwamafuta amafuta ndizoona, ndipo ichi ndichikoka chachikulu chomwe chimalepheretsa kusintha kwa kudalira kwathunthu mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso. Timafunikira mabatire omwe amatulutsa mphamvu zambiri kuposa kulemera kwathu.
Momwe mabatire a lithiamu-ion amagwirira ntchito
Makina ogwiritsira ntchito mabatire a lithiamu ndi ofanana ndi mabatire wamba AA kapena AAA. Iwo ali ndi anode ndi cathode terminals, ndi electrolyte pakati. Mosiyana ndi mabatire wamba, zomwe zimatuluka mu batri ya lithiamu-ion ndizosinthika, kotero batire imatha kuwonjezeredwa mobwerezabwereza.
Cathode (+ terminal) imapangidwa ndi lithiamu iron phosphate, anode (-terminal) imapangidwa ndi graphite, ndipo graphite imapangidwa ndi kaboni. Magetsi amangoyenda ma elekitironi. Mabatirewa amapanga magetsi posuntha ma lithiamu ayoni pakati pa anode ndi cathode.
Akayimitsidwa, ma ions amasunthira ku anode, ndipo akatulutsidwa, ma ions amathamangira ku cathode.
Kusuntha kwa ma ion kumayambitsa kusuntha kwa ma electron mu dera, kotero kuti lithiamu ion kayendedwe ndi kayendedwe ka electron zimagwirizana.
Battery ya silicon anode
Makampani ambiri amagalimoto akulu ngati BMW akhala akuyika ndalama pakupanga mabatire a silicon anode. Monga mabatire wamba a lithiamu-ion, mabatirewa amagwiritsa ntchito lithiamu anode, koma m'malo mwa anode okhala ndi kaboni, amagwiritsa ntchito silicon.
Monga anode, silicon ndi yabwino kuposa graphite chifukwa imafunika ma atomu 4 a kaboni kuti agwire lithiamu, ndipo atomu imodzi ya silicon imatha kugwira ma ion 4 a lithiamu. Uku ndikukweza kwakukulu ... kupanga silicon kukhala wamphamvu katatu kuposa graphite.
Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito lithiamu akadali lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse. Izi zikadali zodula, koma ndizosavuta kusamutsa malo opangira ma cell a silicon. Ngati mabatire ali osiyana kotheratu, fakitale iyenera kukonzedwanso, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti kukopa kwa kusintha kuchepe pang'ono.
Silicon anode amapangidwa pochiza mchenga kuti apange silicon yoyera, koma vuto lalikulu lomwe ofufuza akukumana nalo pano ndilokuti ma silicon anode amatupa akagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti batire iwonongeke mwachangu. Zimakhalanso zovuta kupanga ma anode.
Batire ya graphene
Graphene ndi mtundu wa carbon flake womwe umagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwezo ngati pensulo, koma zimatengera nthawi yochuluka kulumikiza graphite ku flakes. Graphene imayamikiridwa chifukwa chogwira ntchito bwino nthawi zambiri, ndipo mabatire ndi amodzi mwa iwo.
Makampani ena akugwira ntchito pamabatire a graphene omwe amatha kulipiritsidwa mphindi zochepa ndikutulutsa nthawi 33 mwachangu kuposa mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Izi ndizofunika kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi.
Battery ya thovu
Pakalipano, mabatire achikhalidwe ali ndi mbali ziwiri. Amayikidwa ngati batri ya lithiamu kapena atakulungidwa ngati batire ya AA kapena lithiamu-ion.
Batire ya thovu ndi lingaliro latsopano lomwe limakhudza kayendetsedwe ka magetsi mu malo a 3D.
Kapangidwe ka 3-dimensional kameneka kamatha kufulumizitsa nthawi yolipiritsa ndikuwonjezera kachulukidwe kamphamvu, izi ndi mikhalidwe yofunika kwambiri ya batri. Poyerekeza ndi mabatire ena ambiri, mabatire a thovu alibe ma electrolyte owopsa amadzimadzi.
Mabatire a thovu amagwiritsa ntchito ma electrolyte olimba m'malo mwa ma electrolyte amadzimadzi. Electrolyte iyi sikuti imangoyendetsa ma ayoni a lithiamu, komanso imatetezanso zida zina zamagetsi.
Anode yomwe imakhala ndi batire yoyipa imapangidwa ndi mkuwa wa thovu ndikukutidwa ndi zinthu zofunikira.
Electrolyte yolimba imayikidwa kuzungulira anode.
Pomaliza, chotchedwa "positive phala" chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza mipata mkati mwa batri.
Aluminium Oxide Battery
Mabatirewa ali ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zamphamvu za batri iliyonse. Mphamvu zake ndi zamphamvu komanso zopepuka kuposa mabatire a lithiamu-ion apano. Anthu ena amati mabatirewa amatha kupereka ma kilomita 2,000 a magalimoto amagetsi. Mfundo imeneyi ndi yotani? Kuti mumve zambiri, maulendo apamwamba kwambiri a Tesla ndi pafupifupi makilomita 600.
Vuto la mabatirewa ndiloti sangathe kulipiritsidwa. Amapanga aluminiyamu hydroxide ndi kumasula mphamvu kudzera mu zochita za aluminiyamu ndi mpweya mu electrolyte yamadzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire kumawononga aluminiyamu ngati anode.
Battery ya sodium
Pakadali pano, asayansi aku Japan akugwira ntchito yopanga mabatire omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sodium m'malo mwa lithiamu.
Izi zitha kukhala zosokoneza, chifukwa mabatire a sodium ndi amphamvu kwambiri nthawi 7 kuposa mabatire a lithiamu. Ubwino winanso waukulu ndikuti sodium ndiye chinthu chachisanu ndi chimodzi cholemera kwambiri padziko lapansi, poyerekeza ndi lithiamu, chomwe ndi chinthu chosowa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-02-2019