Graphite elekitirodi ndi mkulu kutentha kugonjetsedwa graphite conductive zakuthupi opangidwa ndi mafuta knead, singano coke monga akaphatikiza ndi malasha phula monga binder, amene amapangidwa kudzera mndandanda wa njira monga kukanda, akamaumba, Kuwotcha, impregnation, graphitization ndi makina processing. zakuthupi.
The elekitirodi graphite ndi zofunika mkulu-kutentha conductive zakuthupi kwa magetsi steelmaking. The elekitirodi graphite ntchito athandizira mphamvu magetsi ku ng'anjo yamagetsi, ndi kutentha kwaiye kwa arc pakati pa elekitirodi mapeto ndi mlandu ntchito ngati gwero kutentha kusungunula mlandu kupanga zitsulo. Ng'anjo zina zachitsulo zomwe zimasungunula zinthu monga phosphorous yachikasu, silicon yamakampani, ndi zotayira zimagwiritsanso ntchito ma elekitirodi a graphite ngati zida zoyendetsera. Zabwino komanso zapadera zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala zama electrode a graphite amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ena ogulitsa.
Zida zopangira ma electrode a graphite ndi petroleum coke, singano coke ndi malasha phula phula.
Petroleum coke ndi chinthu cholimba choyaka moto chomwe chimapezedwa pokoka zotsalira za malasha ndi phula la petroleum. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda komanso wopindika, chinthu chachikulu ndi kaboni, ndipo phulusa ndi lotsika kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pansi pa 0.5%. Petroleum coke ndi m'gulu la carbon graphitized mosavuta. Mafuta a coke amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana m'mafakitale amankhwala ndi zitsulo. Ndizinthu zazikulu zopangira zopangira ma graphite ndi zinthu za carbon za aluminiyamu ya electrolytic.
Mafuta a petroleum atha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: coke yaiwisi ndi coke calcined malinga ndi kutentha kwa kutentha. Mafuta akale a petroleum coke omwe amapezedwa mwa kuchedwa kuphika amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa ma volatiles, ndipo mphamvu zamakina ndizochepa. The calcined coke akamagwira calcination ya yaiwisi coke. Malo ambiri oyeretsera ku China amangotulutsa coke, ndipo ntchito zowerengera nthawi zambiri zimachitika muzomera za kaboni.
Petroleum coke imatha kugawidwa mu sulfure coke yapamwamba (yokhala ndi sulfure yopitilira 1.5%), coke ya sulfure yapakati (yokhala ndi 0.5% -1.5% sulfure), ndi coke ya sulfure yochepa (yokhala ndi sulfure yosakwana 0.5%). Kupanga ma elekitirodi a graphite ndi zinthu zina zopanga ma graphite nthawi zambiri amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito coke yotsika ya sulfure.
Needle coke ndi mtundu wa coke wapamwamba kwambiri wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a ulusi, kutsika kwambiri kwamafuta owonjezera komanso graphitization yosavuta. Coke ikathyoledwa, imatha kugawidwa m'mizere yowonda molingana ndi kapangidwe kake (chiwerengerocho nthawi zambiri chimakhala pamwamba pa 1.75). Dongosolo la anisotropic fibrous limatha kuwonedwa pansi pa maikulosikopu ya polarizing, motero amatchedwa coke singano.
The anisotropy of physico-mechanical properties of needle coke ndizodziwikiratu. Ili ndi mphamvu yabwino yamagetsi ndi matenthedwe yofanana ndi njira yayitali ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndipo coefficient ya kukula kwamafuta ndi yotsika. Pamene extrusion akamaumba, ndi yaitali olamulira ambiri particles anakonza mu malangizo extrusion. Chifukwa chake, singano coke ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga ma elekitirodi amphamvu kwambiri kapena ma graphite apamwamba kwambiri. Ma elekitirodi a graphite omwe amapangidwa amakhala ndi mphamvu yotsika, yocheperako yowonjezera kutentha komanso kukana kwamphamvu kwamafuta.
Needle coke imagawidwa kukhala coke ya singano yopangidwa ndi mafuta yopangidwa kuchokera ku zotsalira za petroleum ndi coke ya singano yopangidwa ndi malasha yopangidwa kuchokera ku zida zoyengedwa za malasha.
Phula la malasha ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zopangira phula lamalasha. Ndi chisakanizo cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma hydrocarboni, yakuda pa kutentha kwakukulu, yolimba kapena yolimba pa kutentha kwakukulu, palibe malo osungunuka osungunuka, amafewetsa pambuyo pa kutentha, kenako amasungunuka, ndi kachulukidwe ka 1.25-1.35 g / cm3. Malinga ndi kufewetsa kwake, amagawidwa mu kutentha kochepa, kutentha kwapakati ndi kutentha kwa asphalt. Kutentha kwapakati pa phula ndi 54-56% ya phula la malasha. Kapangidwe ka phula la malasha ndizovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi phula la malasha komanso zomwe zili mu heteroatoms, komanso zimakhudzidwa ndi njira yophika ndi kukonza phula la malasha. Pali zizindikiro zambiri zowonetsera phula la phula, monga phula lofewa, toluene insolubles (TI), quinoline insolubles (QI), kufunikira kwa coking, ndi malasha rheology.
Phula la malasha limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomangira komanso chosagwira ntchito m'makampani a kaboni, ndipo magwiridwe ake amakhudza kwambiri kapangidwe kake komanso mtundu wa zinthu za carbon. Asphalt ya binder nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito phula lotentha kwambiri kapena lapakati-pakatikati lomwe lili ndi malo ochepetsera pang'ono, okwera mtengo, komanso utomoni wa β. The impregnating wothandizira ndi sing'anga kutentha phula ndi otsika kufewetsa mfundo, otsika QI, ndi zabwino rheological katundu.
Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa kupanga kwa graphite elekitirodi mumakampani a carbon.
Kuwerengetsa: Zopangira za carbonaceous zimatenthedwa kutentha kwambiri kuti zithetse chinyezi ndi zinthu zosasunthika zomwe zili mmenemo, ndipo kapangidwe kamene kamayenderana ndi kusintha kwa kuphika koyambirira kumatchedwa calcination. Nthawi zambiri, zopangira za carbonaceous zimawerengeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya ndi ma volatiles ake ngati gwero la kutentha, ndipo kutentha kwakukulu ndi 1250-1350 ° C.
Kuwerengetsa kumapangitsa kusintha kwakukulu mu kapangidwe ndi physicochemical katundu wa carbonaceous zopangira, makamaka kusintha kachulukidwe, mawotchi mphamvu ndi madutsidwe magetsi coke, kuwongolera bata mankhwala ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni kukana coke, kuyala maziko a ndondomeko wotsatira. .
Zida zowerengetsera makamaka zimaphatikizirapo tank calciner, uvuni wa rotary ndi calciner wamagetsi. The khalidwe ulamuliro index wa calcination ndi kuti kachulukidwe weniweni wa petroleum coke si osachepera 2.07g/cm3, resistivity si kuposa 550μΩ.m, kachulukidwe weniweni wa singano coke si zosakwana 2.12g/cm3, ndi resistivity si kuposa 500μΩ.m.
Zopangira kuphwanya ndi zosakaniza
Asanaphatikizepo, chochuluka cha calcined petroleum coke ndi singano coke chiyenera kuphwanyidwa, kudulidwa, ndi kusefa.
Kuphwanya kwapang'onopang'ono kumachitika ndi kuphwanya zida pafupifupi 50 mm kudzera pa nsagwada, nyundo yophwanya, yopukutira ndi zina zotere kuti mupitilize kuphwanya kukula kwa 0.5-20 mm zomwe zimafunikira pakumenya.
Kugaya ndi njira yopera zinthu zokhala ndi mpweya kukhala ufa waung'ono wa 0.15 mm kapena kuchepera ndi kukula kwa 0.075 mm kapena kucheperapo pogwiritsa ntchito mphero yamtundu wa kuyimitsidwa (Raymond mphero), mphero ya mpira, kapena zina zotero. .
Kuwunikira ndi njira yomwe zida zambiri zitatha kuphwanyidwa zimagawidwa m'magulu angapo a tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi miyeso yopapatiza kudzera mu sieve zokhala ndi mipata yofananira. Kupanga kwamakono kwa electrode nthawi zambiri kumafuna ma pellets 4-5 ndi 1-2 ufa.
Zosakaniza ndi njira zopangira kuwerengera, kuyeza ndi kuyang'ana magulu osiyanasiyana amagulu ndi ufa ndi zomangira malinga ndi zofunikira za mapangidwe. Kuyenerera kwa sayansi kwa kapangidwe kake ndi kukhazikika kwa ntchito ya batching ndi zina mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza ndondomeko ya khalidwe ndi ntchito ya mankhwala.
Fomula iyenera kutsimikizira mbali 5:
1Sankhani mtundu wa zipangizo;
2 kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo;
3 kudziwa tinthu kukula zikuchokera olimba zopangira;
4 kudziwa kuchuluka kwa binder;
5 Dziwani mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera.
Kneading: Kusakaniza ndi quantifying zosiyanasiyana tinthu kukula carbonaceous granules ndi ufa ndi wochuluka binder pa kutentha, ndi kukanda ndi plasticity phala mu ndondomeko yotchedwa kukankha.
Kukandira: Kusakaniza kouma (20-35 min) kusakaniza konyowa (40-55 min)
Ntchito yokanda:
1 Mukasakaniza zowuma, zopangira zosiyanasiyana zimasakanizidwa mofanana, ndipo zida zolimba za carbonaceous zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tinthu zimasakanizidwa mofanana ndikudzazidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi kusakaniza;
2 Mukawonjezera phula la malasha, zinthu zouma ndi phula zimasakanizidwa mofanana. The madzi phula uniformly malaya ndi kunyowetsa pamwamba pa granules kupanga wosanjikiza asphalt kugwirizana wosanjikiza, ndi zipangizo zonse zomangika kwa wina ndi mzake kupanga homogeneous pulasitiki smear. Zothandizira kuumba;
Magawo atatu a phula la malasha amalowa mkatikati mwa zinthu zokhala ndi mpweya, ndikuwonjezera kachulukidwe komanso kugwirizanitsa kwa phala.
Kuumba: The akamaumba zinthu carbon amatanthauza ndondomeko ya plastically deforming kneaded carbon phala pansi pa mphamvu kunja ntchito ndi akamaumba zida potsiriza kupanga wobiriwira thupi (kapena yaiwisi mankhwala) kukhala ndi mawonekedwe, kukula, kachulukidwe ndi mphamvu. ndondomeko.
Mitundu ya akamaumba, zida ndi mankhwala opangidwa:
Njira yakuumba
Zida wamba
katundu waukulu
Kuumba
Vertical hydraulic press
Mpweya wamagetsi, mawonekedwe otsika kwambiri a graphite
Finyani
Horizontal hydraulic extruder
Chotsani extruder
Ma electrode a graphite, ma electrode a square
Kujambula kwa vibration
Makina opangira ma vibration
Njerwa ya Aluminiyamu ya carbon, kuphulika kwa ng'anjo ya carbon njerwa
Isostatic kukanikiza
Makina opangira isostatic
Isotropic graphite, anisotropic graphite
Finyani ntchito
1 zinthu zoziziritsa kukhosi: chimbale kuzirala zinthu, yamphamvu kuzirala zinthu, kusakaniza ndi kukanda zipangizo kuzirala, etc.
Chotsani zowotcha, kuchepetsa kutentha koyenera (90-120 ° C) kuti muwonjezere zomatira, kotero kuti kutsekeka kwa phala kumakhala kofanana kwa mphindi 20-30.
2 Kutsegula: kanikizani kukweza baffle -- 2-3 nthawi kudula--4-10MPa compaction
3 pre-pressure: kuthamanga 20-25MPa, nthawi 3-5min, ndikutsuka
4 extrusion: kanikizani chododometsa -5-15MPa extrusion - kudula - mu sinki yozizira
Magawo aukadaulo a extrusion: chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana, chipinda chosindikizira ndi kutentha kwa nozzle, kutentha kozizira, nthawi yowonongeka, kuthamanga kwa extrusion, kuthamanga kwa extrusion, kutentha kwa madzi ozizira.
Kuyang'anira thupi lobiriwira: kuchulukana kochulukirapo, kugunda kwa mawonekedwe, kusanthula
Calcination: Ndi njira yomwe thupi lobiriwira la kaboni limadzazidwa ndi ng'anjo yotenthetsera yopangidwa mwapadera pansi pa chitetezo cha filler kuti ipange kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri kuti ipangitse mpweya wa malasha mu thupi lobiriwira. Phula la phula lomwe linapangidwa pambuyo pa carbonization ya malasha limalimbitsa kagayidwe ka carbonaceous ndi tinthu tating'ono ta ufa pamodzi, ndipo calcined carbon product imakhala ndi mphamvu zamakina kwambiri, mphamvu zochepa zamagetsi, kukhazikika kwabwino kwa kutentha ndi kukhazikika kwa mankhwala. .
Calcination ndi imodzi mwa njira zazikulu popanga zinthu za carbon, komanso ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa njira zitatu zazikulu zothandizira kutentha kwa graphite elekitirodi. Njira yopangira ma calcination ndi yayitali (masiku 22-30 kuphika, masiku 5-20 a ng'anjo ya ng'anjo ya 2), komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Ubwino wa kuwotcha wobiriwira umakhudzanso ubwino wa mankhwala omalizidwa komanso mtengo wopangira.
Mafuta obiriwira a malasha mu thupi lobiriwira amawotchedwa panthawi yowotcha, ndipo pafupifupi 10% ya zinthu zowonongeka zimatulutsidwa, ndipo voliyumuyo imapangidwa ndi 2-3% shrinkage, ndipo kutaya kwakukulu ndi 8-10%. Zinthu zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala za carbon billet zinasinthanso kwambiri. Porosity idatsika kuchokera ku 1.70 g/cm3 mpaka 1.60 g/cm3 ndipo resistivity idatsika kuchokera ku 10000 μΩ·m mpaka 40-50 μΩ·m chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa porosity. Mphamvu yamakina ya calcined billet inalinso yayikulu. Kuti muwongolere.
Kuphika kwachiwiri ndi njira yomwe calcined mankhwala amamizidwa ndiyeno calcined kuti carbonize phula kumizidwa mu pores wa mankhwala calcined. Ma Electrodes omwe amafunikira kuchuluka kwachulukidwe kochulukirapo (mitundu yonse kupatula RP) ndi zosoweka zolumikizana zimafunikira kuti ziwonjezeke, ndipo zosowekapo zolumikizanazo zimayikidwanso kuviika katatu kophika kapena kuwirikiza katatu.
Mtundu waukulu wa ng'anjo yowotcha:
Kugwira ntchito mosalekeza--ng'anjo yamphepo (yokhala ndi chivundikiro, yopanda chivundikiro), uvuni wa ngalande
Kugwira ntchito kwakanthawi—-wowotchera kumbuyo, wowotchera pansi, wowotchera mabokosi
Mpiringidzo wa Calcination ndi kutentha kwakukulu:
Kuwotcha kamodzi -320, 360, 422, 480 maola, 1250 ° C
Kuwotcha kwachiwiri--125, 240, 280 maola, 700-800 ° C
Kuyang'anira zinthu zophikidwa: kugogoda kwa mawonekedwe, kukana kwamagetsi, kachulukidwe kachulukidwe, mphamvu zopondereza, kusanthula kwamkati.
Impregnation ndi njira yomwe zinthu za kaboni zimayikidwa mu chotengera choponderezedwa ndipo phula lamadzimadzi limamizidwa mu pores za elekitirodi yazinthu zina kutentha ndi kupanikizika. Cholinga ndi kuchepetsa porosity ya mankhwala, kuonjezera kachulukidwe chochuluka ndi makina mphamvu ya mankhwala, ndi kusintha magetsi ndi matenthedwe madutsidwe wa mankhwala.
Njira yoyamwitsa ndi zina zaukadaulo zofananira ndi: Kuwotcha billet - kuyeretsa pamwamba - kutenthetsa (260-380 °C, maola 6-10) - kukweza thanki yoyimbira - vacuuming (8-9KPa, 40-50min) - Jekeseni wa phula (180 -200 °C) - Kupanikizika (1.2-1.5 MPa, maola 3-4) - Bwererani ku phula - Kuzizira (mkati kapena kunja kwa thanki)
Kuyang'anira zinthu zomwe zayikidwa: kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa thupi G=(W2-W1)/W1×100%
Kuwonda kumodzi kumodzi ≥14%
Chiwongola dzanja chowonjezera kulemera kwazinthu ≥ 9%
Zinthu zitatu zodumphira zolemera kwambiri ≥ 5%
Graphitization amatanthauza mkulu-kutentha kutentha mankhwala ndondomeko imene mpweya mankhwala kutenthedwa ndi kutentha kwa 2300 ° C kapena kuposa mu zoteteza sing'anga mu mkulu-kutentha magetsi ng'anjo kutembenuza amorphous wosanjikiza dongosolo mpweya mu magawo atatu analamula. mawonekedwe a kristalo wa graphite.
Cholinga ndi zotsatira za graphitization:
1 kusintha madutsidwe ndi matenthedwe madutsidwe wa zinthu kaboni (resistivity yafupika ndi 4-5 nthawi, ndi madutsidwe matenthedwe machulukidwe pafupifupi 10 nthawi);
2 kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwamphamvu kwamafuta ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta azinthu za kaboni (mzere wowonjezera wocheperako wochepetsedwa ndi 50-80%);
3 kupanga carbon material lubricity ndi abrasion kukana;
4 Kutaya zonyansa, sinthani chiyero cha zinthu za kaboni (phulusa la mankhwalawa limachepetsedwa kuchokera ku 0.5-0.8% mpaka 0.3%).
Kukwaniritsidwa kwa ndondomeko ya graphitization:
The graphitization wa zinthu mpweya ikuchitika pa kutentha kwa 2300-3000 ° C, kotero izo zikhoza anazindikira ndi Kutentha magetsi mu makampani, ndiye panopa mwachindunji amadutsa mkangano mankhwala calcined, ndi mankhwala calcined mlandu. m'ng'anjo imapangidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pa kutentha kwakukulu. Kondakitala ndi chinthu chomwe chimatenthedwa mpaka kutentha kwambiri.
Ng'anjo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pano zikuphatikiza ng'anjo za Acheson graphitization ndi ng'anjo zamkati zotentha zamkati (LWG). Zakale zimakhala ndi zotsatira zazikulu, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Yotsirizirayi imakhala ndi nthawi yotentha yaifupi, kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zochepa, yunifolomu yamagetsi yamagetsi, ndipo si yoyenera kuyenerera.
Kulamulira kwa ndondomeko ya graphitization kumayendetsedwa ndi kuyeza mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yomwe ili yoyenera kutentha kwa kutentha. Nthawi yoperekera mphamvu ndi maola 50-80 a ng'anjo ya Acheson ndi maola 9-15 a ng'anjo ya LWG.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa graphitization ndikwambiri, nthawi zambiri 3200-4800KWh, ndipo mtengo wake umatengera pafupifupi 20-35% ya mtengo wonse wopanga.
Kuyang'anira zinthu zopangidwa ndi graphitized: kugogoda kwa mawonekedwe, kuyesa kwa resistivity
Machining: Cholinga cha makina machining a carbon graphite zipangizo ndi kukwaniritsa chofunika kukula, mawonekedwe, mwatsatanetsatane, etc. ndi kudula kupanga elekitirodi thupi ndi mfundo mogwirizana ndi zofunika ntchito.
Graphite elekitirodi processing lagawidwa mu njira ziwiri palokha processing: elekitirodi thupi ndi olowa.
Kukonzekera kwa thupi kumaphatikizapo masitepe atatu a nkhope yotopetsa komanso yosalala, bwalo lakunja ndi nkhope yosalala ndi ulusi wamphero. Kukonzekera kwa olowa conical kumatha kugawidwa m'njira 6: kudula, nkhope yosalala, nkhope yamoto, ulusi wamphero, bolt ndi slotting.
Kulumikizana kwa ma electrode olowa: kulumikizana kolumikizana kolumikizana (zomanga zitatu ndi chingwe chimodzi), kulumikizana kwa cylindrical joint, bump (kulumikizana kwa amuna ndi akazi)
Kuwongolera kulondola kwa makina: kupatuka kwa ulusi wa taper, phula la ulusi, kuphatikiza (bowo) kupatuka kwakukulu m'mimba mwake, coaxiality ya dzenje lolumikizana, kulimba kwa dzenje lolumikizana, kupendekeka kwa nkhope ya electrode, kupatuka kwa mfundo zinayi. Yang'anani ndi ma ring gauges apadera ndi ma plate gauges.
Kuyang'ana maelekitirodi omalizidwa: kulondola, kulemera, kutalika, m'mimba mwake, kachulukidwe kachulukidwe, resistivity, pre-assembly tolerance, etc.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-31-2019