"Kodi galimoto yamafuta ili pati, chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kupanga magalimoto atsopano?" Ili liyenera kukhala funso loyamba lomwe anthu ambiri amaganiza za "mayendedwe amphepo" amakampani amagalimoto. Mothandizidwa ndi mawu akuti "kuchepa kwa mphamvu", "kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi" ndi "kugwira ntchito yopanga", China ikufuna kupanga magwero amphamvu atsopano sichinadziwikebe ndikuzindikirika ndi anthu.
Zoonadi, patatha zaka zambiri zakupita patsogolo kwa magalimoto oyaka mkati mwa injini zoyaka moto, njira zamakono zopangira zinthu zamakono, chithandizo chamsika ndi zinthu zotsika mtengo komanso zapamwamba zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kumvetsa chifukwa chake makampani ayenera kusiya "msewu wathyathyathya" ndikutembenukira ku chitukuko. . Mphamvu zatsopano ndi "njira yamatope" yomwe siili yowopsa. N’chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kupanga makampani opanga magetsi atsopano? Funso losavuta komanso lolunjika ili ndilosamvetsetseka komanso losadziwika kwa tonsefe.
Zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo, mu "China Energy Policy 2012 White Paper", ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya dziko "idzakhazikitsa mwamphamvu mphamvu zatsopano ndi mphamvu zowonjezera" idzafotokozedwa. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, makampani opanga magalimoto ku China asintha kwambiri, ndipo asintha mwachangu kuchoka panjira yamafuta kupita ku njira yatsopano yopangira mphamvu. Pambuyo pake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi atsopano okhudzana ndi "thandizo" inalowa mwamsanga pamsika, ndipo mawu okayikira anayamba kuzungulira mphamvu zatsopano. makampani.
Liwu la mafunso linachokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana, ndipo mutuwo unatsogolera mwachindunji kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa malonda. Kodi mphamvu zaku China komanso mphamvu zowonjezera zili bwanji? Kodi makampani opanga magalimoto aku China angapambane? Momwe mungathanirane ndi magalimoto amagetsi atsopano omwe amapuma pantchito m'tsogolomu, komanso ngati kuli koipitsidwa? Kukayika kowonjezereka, kusakhala ndi chidaliro chochepa, momwe mungapezere mkhalidwe weniweni kumbuyo kwa mavutowa, gawo loyamba la gawoli lidzayang'ana chonyamulira chofunikira padziko lonse lapansi - batire.
Mizere ndi "nkhani zamphamvu" zosapeŵeka
Mosiyana ndi galimoto yamafuta, mafuta samafuna chonyamulira (ngati thanki yamafuta sichiwerengera), koma "magetsi" ayenera kunyamulidwa ndi batri. Choncho, ngati mukufuna kubwerera ku gwero la mafakitale, ndiye kuti "magetsi" ndi sitepe yoyamba pakupanga mphamvu zatsopano. Nkhani ya magetsi ikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi nkhani ya mphamvu. Pali funso lomveka bwino pakali pano: Kodi kulimbikitsa mwamphamvu magwero atsopano a mphamvu chifukwa chakuti dziko la China latsala pang'ono kufika? Kotero tisanalankhule kwenikweni za chitukuko cha mabatire ndi mphamvu zatsopano, tiyenera kuyankha mafunso okhudza funso lamakono la China la "kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta".
Funso 1: Mkhalidwe wa mphamvu zachikhalidwe zaku China
Mosiyana ndi chifukwa chomwe anthu adayamba kuyesa magalimoto amagetsi oyera zaka 100 zapitazo, kusintha kwatsopano kunayambika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa "mafuta achikhalidwe" kupita ku "mphamvu zowonjezera". Pali "matembenuzidwe" osiyanasiyana pamatanthauzidwe a mphamvu yaku China pa intaneti, koma mbali zambiri zazomwe zikuwonetsa kuti nkhokwe zachikhalidwe zaku China sizosasunthika komanso zodetsa nkhawa monga kutumizira ukonde, komanso nkhokwe zamafuta zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi magalimoto. zokambidwa ndi anthu. Imodzi mwa mitu yambiri.
Malinga ndi zomwe zili mu China Energy Report 2018, ngakhale kupanga mafuta akunyumba kukucheperachepera, China yakhala yokhazikika pankhani yamalonda otumiza mphamvu kunja ndi kuchuluka kwamafuta. Izi zitha kutsimikizira kuti kukula kwamphamvu kwatsopano sikukhudzana mwachindunji ndi "malo osungirako mafuta".
Koma osagwirizana? Pankhani ya malonda okhazikika amagetsi, kudalira mphamvu kwachikhalidwe ku China kukadali kwakukulu. Pakati pa mphamvu zonse zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja, mafuta amafuta amakhala 66% ndipo malasha amakhala 18%. Poyerekeza ndi 2017, mafuta osakanizidwa ochokera kunja akupitiriza kukula mofulumira. Mu 2018, mafuta aku China omwe adatumizidwa kunja adafika matani 460 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 10%. Kudalira mafuta osakhwima kumayiko akunja kudafika 71%, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mafuta opitilira magawo awiri mwa atatu amafuta aku China amadalira kuchokera kunja.
Pambuyo pakukula kwa mafakitale atsopano amagetsi, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ku China kukucheperachepera, koma poyerekeza ndi 2017, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ku China kudakwera ndi 3.4%. Pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa mafuta osakanizika, panali kuchepa kwakukulu mu 2016-2018 poyerekeza ndi 2015, ndipo kusintha kwamayendedwe kudakulitsa kudalira kugulitsa mafuta kuchokera kunja.
Pansi pa zomwe zikuchitika ku China "kudalira pang'onopang'ono", tikuyembekezanso kuti kutukuka kwa mafakitale atsopano kudzasinthanso kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mphamvu. Mu 2018, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoyera monga gasi, mphamvu yamadzi, mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi mphamvu yamphepo ndi 22.1% ya mphamvu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zakhala zikuwonjezeka kwa zaka zambiri.
Pakusintha mphamvu zoyeretsa mumagetsi achikhalidwe, cholinga chapadziko lonse lapansi chopanda kaboni, chopanda kaboni ndi chokhazikika, monga momwe magalimoto aku Europe ndi America akuchotsa "nthawi yosiya kugulitsa mafuta". Komabe, mayiko amadalira mosiyanasiyana magwero amphamvu amagetsi, ndipo “kusowa kwa mafuta amafuta” ku China ndi limodzi mwamavuto omwe akukumana nawo pakusintha mphamvu zoyeretsa. Zhu Xi, mkulu wa Energy Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, anati: “Chifukwa cha nyengo zosiyanasiyana za maiko, dziko la China lidakali m’nyengo ya malasha, dziko lalowa m’nyengo ya mafuta ndi gasi, ndi njira yopitira patsogolo. kwa dongosolo mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa m'tsogolo ndithu osiyana. China ikhoza kudutsa mafuta ndi gasi. Nthawi." Chitsime: Car House
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-04-2019