Batire ya lithiamu ndi mtundu wa batri wogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha lithiamu kapena aloyi ya lithiamu ngati zinthu zopanda ma elekitirodi komanso njira yopanda ma electrolyte. Mabatire a lithiamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazinthu za digito m'munda wachikhalidwe, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamagetsi amagetsi ndi kusungirako mphamvu m'minda yomwe ikubwera.
China ali zambiri chuma lifiyamu ndi wathunthu lifiyamu batire makampani unyolo, komanso m'munsi yaikulu ya luso, kupanga China dera wokongola kwambiri pa chitukuko cha mabatire lifiyamu ndi mafakitale zipangizo, ndipo wakhala lifiyamu lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Zida zamabatire komanso maziko opangira mabatire. Kumtunda kwa makina a batire a lithiamu kumaphatikizapo cobalt, manganese, nickel ore, lithiamu ore, ndi graphite ore. Mu makina opanga ma batri a lithiamu, gawo lalikulu la paketi ya batri ndi phata la batri. Pambuyo pazitsulo za batri, makina opangira ma waya ndi filimu ya PVC amaphatikizidwa kuti apange gawo la batri, ndiyeno cholumikizira cha waya ndi bolodi la BMS amawonjezeredwa kuti apange batri yamagetsi.
Kusanthula kwapamwamba kwa unyolo wamakampani
Kumtunda kwa batire ya lithiamu ndi migodi ndi kukonza zinthu zakuthupi, makamaka zinthu za lithiamu, chuma cha cobalt ndi graphite. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazinthu zitatu zamagalimoto amagetsi: lithiamu carbonate, cobalt ndi graphite. Zikumveka kuti padziko lonse lifiyamu gwero nkhokwe ndi olemera kwambiri, ndipo panopa 60% ya chuma lifiyamu sizinafufuzidwe ndi chitukuko, koma kugawa lifiyamu migodi ndi moikirapo, makamaka kufalitsidwa mu "lifiyamu makona atatu" dera la South America. , Australia ndi China.
Pakadali pano, nkhokwe zapadziko lonse lapansi zobowola ndi pafupifupi matani 7 miliyoni, ndipo kugawa kumakhazikika. Zosungirako za Congo (DRC), Australia ndi Cuba zimapanga 70% ya nkhokwe zapadziko lonse lapansi, makamaka zosungirako za Congo zokwana matani 3.4 miliyoni, zomwe zimaposa 50% yapadziko lonse lapansi. .
Kusanthula kwapakati pamakampani a batri a lithiamu
Pakati pa lifiyamu batire makampani unyolo makamaka kumafuna zinthu zosiyanasiyana zabwino ndi zoipa, komanso electrolytes, tabu, diaphragms ndi mabatire.
Pakati pawo, lithiamu batire electrolyte ndi chonyamulira kwa lifiyamu ayoni mu batire lithiamu ion, ndipo amatenga mbali yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ndi chitetezo cha lithiamu batire. Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya batri ya lithiamu-ion ndiyonso njira yoyendetsera ndi kutulutsa, ndiko kuti, ion ya lithiamu imatsekedwa pakati pa ma electrode abwino ndi oipa, ndipo electrolyte ndiyo njira yoyendetsera lithiamu ion. Ntchito yayikulu ya diaphragm ndikulekanitsa ma elekitirodi abwino ndi oyipa a batri, kuteteza mizati iwiri kuti zisakhudze komanso kufupika, komanso kukhala ndi ntchito yodutsa ma ion a electrolyte.
Kusanthula kwapansi kwa makina amakampani a lithiamu batire
Mu 2018, kutulutsa kwa msika wa batri wa lithiamu-ion waku China kudakwera ndi 26.71% pachaka mpaka 102.00GWh. Kupanga kwapadziko lonse ku China kudapanga 54.03%, ndipo kwakhala dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi la batri la lithiamu-ion. Makampani oyimira batire a Lithium ndi awa: Nyengo ya Ningde, BYD, Waterma, Guoxuan Hi-Tech ndi zina zotero.
Kuchokera kumsika wogwiritsa ntchito kunsi kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion ku China, batire yamagetsi mu 2018 idayendetsedwa ndikukula kwachangu kwamakampani opanga magalimoto. Zotsatira zinawonjezeka ndi 46.07% pachaka mpaka 65GWh, yomwe inakhala gawo lalikulu kwambiri; msika wa batire ya digito ya 3C mu 2018 Kukula kunali kokhazikika, ndipo zotulukazo zidatsika ndi 2.15% pachaka mpaka 31.8GWh, ndipo kukula kwake kudachepa. Komabe, gawo lapamwamba la batri la digito lomwe limayimiridwa ndi mabatire osinthika, mabatire apamwamba kwambiri a digito ndi mapepala apamwamba apamwamba a digito amatha kuvala zipangizo, ma drones, ndi luntha lapamwamba. Motsogozedwa ndi magawo amsika monga mafoni am'manja, yakhala gawo lalikulu kwambiri pamsika wa batire ya digito ya 3C; mu 2018, mabatire a lithiamu-ion aku China adakwera pang'ono ndi 48.57% mpaka 5.2GWh.
Mphamvu Battery
M'zaka zaposachedwa, mphamvu ya China lifiyamu-ion batire yakula mofulumira, makamaka chifukwa cha thandizo lamphamvu la mfundo za dziko kwa makampani atsopano mphamvu galimoto. Mu 2018, kutulutsa kwa magalimoto amphamvu aku China kudakwera ndi 50,62% pachaka mpaka mayunitsi miliyoni 1.22, ndipo zotulukazo zinali 14.66 nthawi za 2014. Motsogozedwa ndi chitukuko cha msika wamagalimoto amagetsi atsopano, msika waku China wa batri wamagetsi unakhalabe mwachangu. kukula mu 2017-2018. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za kafukufuku, kutulutsa kwa msika waku China batire yamagetsi mu 2018 kudakwera ndi 46.07% pachaka mpaka 65GWh.
Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kovomerezeka kwa dongosolo latsopano lamagalimoto amagetsi, makampani amagalimoto amtundu wamafuta aziwonjezera masanjidwe a magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, ndipo makampani akunja monga Volkswagen ndi Daimler apanga limodzi magalimoto amagetsi atsopano ku China. Kufunika kwa msika wa batri yamagetsi ku China kudzakhala Kusunga mayendedwe akukulirakulira, akuyembekezeka kuti CAGR yopanga mabatire amagetsi ifika 56.32% m'zaka ziwiri zikubwerazi, ndipo kutulutsa kwa batire lamphamvu kudzapitilira 158.8GWh pofika 2020.
Msika wa batri wa lithiamu-ion waku China ukukula mwachangu, makamaka chifukwa chakukula kwa msika wa batri yamagetsi. Mu 2018, mabizinesi asanu apamwamba kwambiri pamsika wamagetsi aku China adapanga 71.60% yamtengo womwe adatulutsa, ndipo mayendedwe amsika adasinthidwanso.
Batire yamphamvu yamtsogolo ndiye injini yayikulu kwambiri yokulira m'munda wa mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Zomwe zimayendera pakuchulukira mphamvu kwamphamvu komanso chitetezo chambiri chatsimikiziridwa. Mabatire amphamvu ndi mabatire apamwamba a digito a lithiamu-ion adzakhala malo okulirapo pamsika wa batire la lithiamu-ion, ndi mabatire a lithiamu mkati mwa 6μm. Chojambula chamkuwa chidzakhala chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri zamabatire a lithiamu-ion ndipo chidzakhala cholinga cha mabizinesi ambiri.
3C batri
Mu 2018, kupanga mabatire aku China kudatsika ndi 2.15% pachaka mpaka 31.8GWh. GGII ikuyembekeza kuti batire ya digito CAGR ikhala 7.87% m'zaka ziwiri zikubwerazi. Akuti kupanga batire ya digito yaku China kudzafika ku 34GWh mu 2019. Pofika chaka cha 2020, kupanga batire ya digito yaku China kudzafika ku 37GWh, ndipo mabatire apamwamba kwambiri a digito, mabatire osinthika, mabatire apamwamba, ndi zina zambiri. kutsirizitsa mafoni anzeru, zipangizo kuvala, drones, etc., kukhala kukula chachikulu msika digito batire. mfundo.
Battery yosungirako mphamvu
Ngakhale ku China mphamvu yosungirako lifiyamu-ion batire munda ali lalikulu msika danga, akadali malire ndi mtengo ndi luso, ndipo akadali mu nthawi chiyambi msika. Mu 2018, kutulutsa kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion ku China kudakwera ndi 48.57% pachaka mpaka 5.2GWh. Akuti kutulutsa kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion ku China kudzafika 6.8GWh mu 2019.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-20-2019