Bayanin Edita: Fasahar lantarki ita ce makomar koren duniya, kuma fasahar batir ita ce ginshikin fasahar lantarki da kuma mabudin takaita ci gaban fasahar lantarki.Fasahar batir na yau da kullun ita ce batir lithium-ion, waɗanda ke da ƙarfin kuzari mai kyau da inganci.Koyaya, lithium wani abu ne da ba kasafai ba tare da tsada mai tsada da ƙarancin albarkatu.A lokaci guda, yayin da amfani da sabbin hanyoyin samar da makamashi ke girma, yawan kuzarin batir lithium-ion bai wadatar ba.yadda ake amsawa?Mayank Jain ya ɗauki lissafin wasu fasahohin baturi waɗanda za a iya amfani da su nan gaba.An buga ainihin labarin akan matsakaici tare da taken: Makomar Fasahar Batir
Duniya tana cike da kuzari, kuma muna yin duk abin da za mu iya don kamawa kuma mu yi amfani da wannan kuzari da kyau.Ko da yake mun yi aiki mai kyau a sauye-sauye zuwa makamashi mai sabuntawa, ba mu sami ci gaba sosai ba wajen adana makamashi.
A halin yanzu, mafi girman ma'auni na fasahar baturi shine baturan lithium-ion.Wannan baturin yana da alama yana da mafi kyawun ƙarfin kuzari, babban inganci (kimanin 99%), da tsawon rai.
To me ke faruwa?Yayin da makamashin da ake sabuntawa da muke kamawa ke ci gaba da girma, ƙarfin ƙarfin baturan lithium-ion bai isa ba.
Tun da za mu iya ci gaba da samar da batura a batches, wannan ba alama ba ce mai girma ba, amma matsalar ita ce lithium karfe ne da ba kasafai ba, don haka farashinsa ba ya da yawa.Kodayake farashin samar da batir yana raguwa, buƙatar ajiyar makamashi kuma yana ƙaruwa cikin sauri.
Mun kai matsayin da da zarar an kera batirin lithium ion, zai yi matukar tasiri ga harkar makamashi.
Matsakaicin yawan kuzarin makamashin burbushin halittu gaskiya ne, kuma wannan babban abu ne mai tasiri wanda ke hana rikidewa zuwa gabaɗayan dogaro ga makamashi mai sabuntawa.Muna buƙatar batura waɗanda ke fitar da kuzari fiye da nauyin mu.
Yadda batirin lithium-ion ke aiki
Tsarin aiki na batirin lithium yayi kama da na yau da kullun AA ko batirin sinadarai na AAA.Suna da anode da cathode tashoshi, da kuma electrolyte a tsakanin.Ba kamar batura na yau da kullun ba, yanayin fitarwa a cikin baturin lithium-ion yana juyawa, don haka ana iya cajin baturin akai-akai.
Kathode (+ m) an yi shi ne da phosphate iron phosphate, anode (-terminal) an yi shi da graphite, kuma graphite an yi shi da carbon.Wutar lantarki shine kawai kwararar electrons.Wadannan batura suna samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar motsa ions lithium tsakanin anode da cathode.
Lokacin da aka caje, ions suna motsawa zuwa anode, kuma lokacin da aka saki, ions suna gudu zuwa cathode.
Wannan motsi na ions yana haifar da motsi na electrons a cikin da'ira, don haka motsin lithium ion motsi da motsin lantarki suna da alaƙa.
Silicon anode baturi
Yawancin manyan kamfanonin mota kamar BMW sun kasance suna saka hannun jari don haɓaka batir silicon anode.Kamar batir lithium-ion na yau da kullun, waɗannan batura suna amfani da anodes na lithium, amma maimakon anodes na tushen carbon, suna amfani da silicon.
A matsayin anode, silicon ya fi graphite kyau saboda yana buƙatar 4 carbon atom don riƙe lithium, kuma 1 silicon atom zai iya ɗaukar ions lithium 4.Wannan babban haɓakawa ne… yin silicon sau 3 ƙarfi fiye da graphite.
Duk da haka, amfani da lithium har yanzu takobi ne mai kaifi biyu.Wannan abu har yanzu yana da tsada, amma kuma yana da sauƙi don canja wurin wuraren samarwa zuwa ƙwayoyin silicon.Idan batura sun bambanta gaba ɗaya, dole ne a sake fasalin masana'anta gaba ɗaya, wanda zai haifar da ƙarancin canzawa.
Silicon anodes ana yin su ne ta hanyar maganin yashi don samar da siliki mai tsafta, amma babbar matsalar da masu bincike ke fuskanta a halin yanzu ita ce siliki anodes na kumbura idan aka yi amfani da su.Wannan na iya sa baturin ya ragu da sauri.Har ila yau, yana da wuya a samar da anodes.
Batirin Graphene
Graphene nau'in flake ne na carbon wanda ke amfani da abu iri ɗaya kamar fensir, amma yana ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa don haɗa graphite zuwa flakes.Ana yabon Graphene saboda kyakkyawan aikinsa a yawancin lokuta masu amfani, kuma baturi ɗaya ne daga cikinsu.
Wasu kamfanoni suna aiki akan batir graphene waɗanda za'a iya caje su cikin mintuna da fitarwa a cikin sauri sau 33 fiye da batirin lithium-ion.Wannan yana da matukar daraja ga motocin lantarki.
Baturin kumfa
A halin yanzu, batura na gargajiya suna da girma biyu.Ana lissafta su kamar baturin lithium ko kuma naɗe su kamar baturin AA ko lithium-ion.
Batirin kumfa sabon ra'ayi ne wanda ya ƙunshi motsi na cajin lantarki a sararin 3D.
Wannan tsari mai girma 3 na iya hanzarta lokacin caji da ƙara yawan kuzari, waɗannan halaye ne masu mahimmanci na baturi.Idan aka kwatanta da yawancin sauran batura, batir ɗin kumfa ba su da wani abu mai cutarwa na ruwa masu lantarki.
Batura kumfa suna amfani da ƙwanƙwaran lantarki maimakon ruwa masu lantarki.Wannan electrolyte ba wai kawai yana gudanar da ion lithium ba, har ma yana sanya sauran na'urorin lantarki.
An yi amfani da anode da ke riƙe da mummunan cajin baturi da jan ƙarfe mai kumfa kuma an lulluɓe shi da kayan aiki da ake buƙata.
Ana amfani da m electrolyte a kusa da anode.
A ƙarshe, ana amfani da abin da ake kira “tabbataccen manna” don cike giɓin da ke cikin baturi.
Batir Aluminum Oxide
Waɗannan batura suna da ɗayan mafi girman ƙarfin ƙarfin kowane baturi.Ƙarfinsa ya fi ƙarfi da sauƙi fiye da baturan lithium-ion na yanzu.Wasu mutane sun yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan batura za su iya samar da motocin lantarki na kilomita 2,000.Menene wannan ra'ayi?Don tunani, matsakaicin iyakar tafiye-tafiye na Tesla kusan kilomita 600 ne.
Matsalar waɗannan batura ita ce ba za a iya caji su ba.Suna samar da aluminum hydroxide kuma suna saki makamashi ta hanyar amsawar aluminium da oxygen a cikin lantarki mai tushen ruwa.Amfani da batura yana cinye aluminum azaman anode.
Batir sodium
A halin yanzu, masana kimiyya na Japan suna aiki don yin batura masu amfani da sodium maimakon lithium.
Wannan zai kawo cikas, saboda batir sodium sun fi ƙarfin batir lithium sau 7 a ka'ida.Wata babbar fa’ida ita ce, sinadarin sodium shi ne sinadari na shida mafi arziqi a cikin ma’aikatun duniya, idan aka kwatanta da lithium, wanda ba kasafai ba ne.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-02-2019