Graphite electrode wani babban zafin jiki resistant graphite conductive abu samar da man fetur knead, allura coke a matsayin tara kuma coal bitumen a matsayin mai ɗaure, wanda aka samar ta hanyar jerin matakai kamar kneading, gyare-gyare, gasa, impregnation, graphitization da inji aiki. abu.
Wutar lantarki mai graphite muhimmin abu ne mai ɗaukar zafi don yin ƙarfe na lantarki. Ana amfani da na'urar graphite don shigar da makamashin lantarki zuwa tanderun lantarki, kuma ana amfani da yawan zafin jiki da ke haifar da arc tsakanin ƙarshen lantarki da cajin azaman tushen zafi don narkar da cajin yin ƙarfe. Sauran tanderun tamanin da ke narkar da kayan kamar rawaya phosphorus, silicon masana'antu, da abrasives suma suna amfani da lantarki na graphite azaman kayan sarrafawa. Kyawawan halaye na musamman na zahiri da sinadarai na lantarki na graphite kuma ana amfani da su sosai a wasu sassan masana'antu.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su don samar da lantarki na graphite sune coke na man fetur, coke na allura da farar kwal.
Coke Petroleum samfuri ne mai ƙonewa da aka samu ta hanyar toka ragowar kwal da farar mai. Launi baƙar fata ne kuma mai ƙyalƙyali, babban abun ciki shine carbon, kuma abun cikin ash yana da ƙasa sosai, gabaɗaya ƙasa da 0.5%. Coke Petroleum na cikin nau'in carbon da aka zayyana cikin sauƙi. Coke Petroleum yana da fa'idar amfani da yawa a masana'antar sinadarai da ƙarfe. Yana da babban albarkatun kasa don samar da samfuran graphite na wucin gadi da samfuran carbon don aluminium electrolytic.
Ana iya raba coke na man fetur zuwa nau'i biyu: danyen coke da kuma calcined coke bisa ga yanayin zafin zafi. Tsohon coke na man fetur da aka samu ta hanyar jinkirta coking yana ƙunshe da adadi mai yawa na rashin ƙarfi, kuma ƙarfin injin yana da ƙasa. Ana samun coke calcined ta calcination na danyen coke. Yawancin matatun mai a kasar Sin suna samar da coke ne kawai, kuma ana gudanar da ayyukan sarrafa sinadarin a cikin masana'antar carbon.
Ana iya raba coke na man fetur zuwa babban sulfur coke (wanda ya ƙunshi fiye da 1.5% sulfur), matsakaicin sulfur coke (wanda ya ƙunshi 0.5% -1.5% sulfur), da ƙananan sulfur coke (wanda ya ƙunshi ƙasa da 0.5% sulfur). Samar da na'urorin lantarki na graphite da sauran samfuran graphite na wucin gadi ana samarwa gabaɗaya ta amfani da ƙaramin coke na sulfur.
Allura coke wani nau'i ne na coke mai inganci tare da bayyananniyar nau'in fibrous, ƙarancin haɓakar haɓakar zafin jiki da sauƙin zane. Lokacin da coke ya karye, ana iya raba shi zuwa siriri mai siriri bisa ga rubutu (rashin yanayin gaba ɗaya yana sama da 1.75). Ana iya lura da tsarin fibrous anisotropic a ƙarƙashin na'ura mai ƙima, don haka ana kiranta coke na allura.
Anisotropy na physico-mechanical Properties na allura coke a bayyane yake. Yana da kyau lantarki da thermal watsin a layi daya zuwa dogon axis shugabanci na barbashi, da kuma coefficient na thermal fadada ne low. A lokacin da extrusion gyare-gyare, da dogon axis na mafi barbashi an shirya a cikin extrusion shugabanci. Don haka, coke na allura shine mabuɗin albarkatun ƙasa don kera manyan lantarki ko ultra-high-power graphite electrodes. The graphite lantarki samar yana da low resistivity, kananan thermal fadada coefficient da kyau thermal girgiza juriya.
An raba coke na allura zuwa coke na tushen mai wanda aka samar daga ragowar man fetur da kuma coke mai tushen kwal da aka samar daga albarkatun mai da aka tace.
Coal kwal na daya daga cikin manyan kayayyakin sarrafa kwal mai zurfi. Yana da cakuda hydrocarbons iri-iri, baƙar fata a babban zafin jiki, mai ƙarfi ko ƙarfi a babban zafin jiki, babu tsayayyen wurin narkewa, tausasa bayan dumama, sannan narke, tare da ƙarancin 1.25-1.35 g/cm3. Dangane da yanayin laushinta, an raba shi zuwa ƙananan zafin jiki, matsakaicin zafin jiki da matsanancin zafin jiki. Matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki na kwalta shine 54-56% na kwalta kwal. Abubuwan da ke tattare da kwal na kwal yana da matukar rikitarwa, wanda ke da alaƙa da kaddarorin kwal da abubuwan da ke cikin heteroatoms, kuma tsarin sarrafa coking da yanayin sarrafa kwal ɗin ya shafa. Akwai alamomi da yawa don siffanta farar kwalta, irin su bitumen softening point, toluene insolules (TI), quinoline insolules (QI), coking values, and coal pitch rheology.
Ana amfani da kwalta kwal a matsayin mai ɗaurewa da mai ciki a cikin masana'antar carbon, kuma aikinta yana da babban tasiri akan tsarin samarwa da ingancin samfuran samfuran carbon. Kwalta mai ɗaure gabaɗaya tana amfani da matsakaita-zazzabi ko matsakaita-zazzabi gyara kwalta mai matsakaicin matsakaiciyar laushi, ƙimar coking mai girma, da babban guduro β. Wakilin impregnating shine kwalta mai matsakaicin zafin jiki yana da ƙarancin laushi, ƙaramin QI, da kyawawan kaddarorin rheological.
Hoton da ke gaba yana nuna tsarin samar da lantarki na graphite a cikin kasuwancin carbon.
Calcination: Carbonaceous albarkatun kasa ana yi da zafi a wani babban zafin jiki don fitar da danshi da maras tabbas al'amarin da ke cikinsa, da kuma samar da tsarin da ya dace da inganta na asali aikin dafa abinci ake kira calcination. Gabaɗaya, albarkatun carbonaceous ana ƙididdige su ta hanyar amfani da iskar gas da nasa volatiles azaman tushen zafi, kuma matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 1250-1350 °C.
Calcination yana yin babban canje-canje a cikin tsari da physicochemical Properties na carbonaceous albarkatun kasa, yafi a inganta yawa, inji ƙarfi da lantarki watsin na coke, inganta sinadaran kwanciyar hankali da hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya na coke, aza harsashi ga m tsari. .
Kayan aikin Calcined galibi sun haɗa da kalcin ɗin tanki, kiln rotary da na'urar lantarki. Indexididdigar kula da inganci na calcination shine cewa gaskiyar yawa na coke na man fetur bai gaza 2.07g/cm3 ba, tsayayyar ba ta wuce 550μΩ.m ba, ƙimar coke na gaske ba ta ƙasa da 2.12g/cm3, kuma resistivity bai wuce 500μΩ.m ba.
Raw kayan crushing da sinadaran
Kafin yin bacin, babban coke ɗin man man fetur da coke ɗin allura dole ne a niƙasa, a niƙa, da kuma sieve.
Matsakaicin murkushe yawanci ana aiwatar da shi ne ta hanyar murkushe kayan aiki na kusan 50 mm ta hanyar muƙamuƙi, mai murƙushe guduma, naɗar naɗa da makamantansu don ƙara murkushe kayan girman 0.5-20 mm da ake buƙata don batching.
Milling wani tsari ne na niƙa wani abu na carbonaceous zuwa ɗan ƙaramin foda na 0.15 mm ko ƙasa da haka kuma girman barbashi na 0.075 mm ko ƙasa da haka ta hanyar injin niƙa irin na dakatarwa (Raymond niƙa), injin ball, ko makamancin haka. .
Nunawa wani tsari ne wanda aka raba nau'ikan kayan aiki da yawa bayan murkushe su zuwa jeri masu girman barbashi da yawa tare da kunkuntar kewayon masu girma dabam ta hanyar sigina masu buɗe ido iri ɗaya. Samar da lantarki na yanzu yawanci yana buƙatar pellets 4-5 da maki foda 1-2.
Abubuwan da aka haɗa sune hanyoyin samarwa don ƙididdigewa, aunawa da mayar da hankali ga nau'ikan tarawa da foda da ɗaure bisa ga buƙatun ƙira. Dacewar kimiyyar ƙirƙira da kwanciyar hankali na aikin batching suna daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar ƙimar inganci da aikin samfur.
Tsarin yana buƙatar ƙayyade abubuwa 5:
1Zaɓa nau'in albarkatun ƙasa;
2 ƙayyade adadin nau'ikan nau'ikan albarkatun kasa;
3 ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun nau'in nau'in nau'in kayan aiki mai ƙarfi;
4 ƙayyade adadin mai ɗaure;
5 Ƙayyade nau'in da adadin abubuwan ƙari.
Kneading: Haɗuwa da ƙididdige nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan carbonaceous granules da foda tare da takamaiman adadin ɗaure a wani yanayin zafin jiki, da cukuɗa da manna robobi cikin wani tsari da ake kira kneading.
Tsarin Kneading: hadawa bushe (minti 20-35) hadewar rigar (minti 40-55)
Matsayin durkushewa:
1 Lokacin da aka haɗe bushe, albarkatun albarkatun suna haɗuwa, da kuma m carbonacece kayan da aka gauraye da kuma cika don haɓaka haɗin gwiwar;
2 Bayan ƙara farantin kwal ɗin kwal, busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun da kwalta an gauraya su ne. Ruwan kwalta ya yi daidai da sutura kuma yana jika saman granules don samar da Layer na abin da ke haɗa kwalta, kuma duk kayan an haɗa su da juna don samar da nau'in filastik mai kama da juna. Mai dacewa don gyare-gyare;
Sassan 3 na farar kwal ɗin kwal suna shiga cikin sararin samaniya na kayan carbonaceous, yana ƙara ƙara yawa da haɗin kai na manna.
Molding: Yin gyare-gyaren kayan carbon yana nufin tsarin lalata ƙwayar carbon da aka cuɗa a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin waje da kayan aikin gyare-gyare suka yi amfani da su don samar da jiki mai kore (ko danyen samfurin) yana da wani nau'i, girman, yawa da ƙarfi. tsari.
Nau'in gyare-gyare, kayan aiki da samfuran da aka samar:
Hanyar gyare-gyare
Kayan aiki gama gari
manyan kayayyakin
Yin gyare-gyare
Latsa mai ruwa a tsaye
Electric carbon, low-sa lafiya tsarin graphite
Matsi
Horizontal hydraulic extruder
Screw extruder
Graphite electrode, square electrode
Gyaran jijjiga
Injin gyare-gyaren rawar jiki
Aluminum carbon tubali, fashewa tanderu carbon tubali
Isostatic latsawa
Injin gyare-gyaren isostatic
Anisotropic graphite, anisotropic graphite
Matsi aiki
1 kayan sanyi: kayan sanyaya diski, kayan sanyaya silinda, haɗuwa da kayan sanyaya kneading, da sauransu.
Zubar da maras kyau, rage zuwa zazzabi mai dacewa (90-120 ° C) don ƙara mannewa, don haka toshewar manna ya zama iri ɗaya don 20-30 min.
2 Loading: latsa daga baffle -- sau 2-3 yankan--4-10MPa compaction
3 pre-matsi: matsa lamba 20-25MPa, lokaci 3-5min, yayin da vacuuming
4 extrusion: danna ƙasa da baffle -5-15MPa extrusion - yanke - a cikin kwandon sanyaya
Fasalolin fasaha na extrusion: rabon matsawa, ɗakin latsawa da zafin jiki na bututun ƙarfe, zazzabi mai sanyaya, lokacin preload matsa lamba, matsa lamba extrusion, saurin extrusion, zazzabi mai sanyaya ruwa
Duban jikin kore: girma mai yawa, tapping bayyanar, bincike
Calcination: Wani tsari ne wanda samfurin carbon koren jikin ke cika a cikin tanderun da aka ƙera na musamman a ƙarƙashin kariyar filler don yin maganin zafi mai zafi don carbonize farar kwal a jikin kore. Coke bitumen da aka samu bayan carbonization na kwal bitumen yana ƙarfafa tarawar carbonaceous da ɓangarorin foda tare, kuma samfurin carbon ɗin da aka kayyade yana da ƙarfin injina, ƙarancin juriya na lantarki, ingantaccen yanayin zafi da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai. .
Calcination yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samar da samfuran carbon, kuma yana da mahimmanci a cikin manyan hanyoyin magance zafi guda uku na samar da lantarki na graphite. Zagayowar samar da calcination yana da tsayi (kwanaki 22-30 don yin burodi, kwanaki 5-20 don tanderu don yin burodi 2), da yawan kuzarin kuzari. Ingancin gasasshen kore yana da tasiri akan ingancin samfurin da aka gama da farashin samarwa.
Koren kwal a cikin koren jiki ana dafa shi yayin aikin gasasshen, kuma kusan kashi 10% na abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi ana fitar da su, kuma ana samar da ƙarar ta hanyar raguwar 2-3%, kuma asarar taro shine 8-10%. Halayen jiki da sinadarai na billet carbon suma sun canza sosai. Matsakaicin ya ragu daga 1.70 g / cm3 zuwa 1.60 g / cm3 kuma tsayayyar ya ragu daga 10000 μΩ · m zuwa 40-50 μΩ · m saboda karuwar porosity. Ƙarfin injin ɗin billet ɗin da aka kayyade shima babba ne. Domin ingantawa.
Yin burodi na biyu wani tsari ne wanda samfurin calcined ɗin ke nutsar da shi sannan a sanya shi don sanya carbonize da farar da aka nutsar a cikin ramukan samfurin da aka yi. Electrodes da ke buƙatar girma mai yawa (duk nau'ikan ban da RP) da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa ana buƙatar a yi bibaked, sannan kuma ana yin gasa uku-hudu-hudu ko tsomawa biyu-uku.
Babban nau'in gasasshen wuta:
Ci gaba da aiki-- tanderun zobe (tare da murfi, ba tare da murfin ba), kiln rami
Aiki na wucin gadi--juya kiln, gasasshen ƙasa, gasasshen akwati
Ƙunƙarar ƙira da matsakaicin zafin jiki:
Gasasshen lokaci ɗaya--320, 360, 422, 480 hours, 1250 °C
Gasasshen na biyu--125, 240, 280 hours, 700-800 °C
Dubawa na gasa kayayyakin: bayyanar tapping, lantarki resistivity, girma yawa, matsawa ƙarfi, ciki tsarin bincike
Impregnation wani tsari ne wanda aka sanya kayan carbon a cikin jirgin ruwa kuma an nutsar da farar ruwa mai ciki a cikin ramukan lantarki na samfurin a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin zafi da matsa lamba. Manufar ita ce don rage porosity na samfurin, ƙara yawan yawa da ƙarfin injin, da haɓaka wutar lantarki da zafin samfurin.
Tsarin impregnation da sigogin fasaha masu alaƙa sune: billet ɗin gasa - tsaftacewar ƙasa - preheating (260-380 ° C, awanni 6-10) - ɗaukar tanki na impregnation - vacuuming (8-9KPa, 40-50min) - allurar bitumen (180) -200 °C) - Matsi (1.2-1.5 MPa, 3-4 hours) - Komawa zuwa kwalta - Cooling (ciki ko waje da tanki)
Duban samfuran da ba su da ciki: ƙimar girman girman girman girman G = (W2-W1) / W1 × 100%
Matsakaicin karuwar nauyi ≥14%
Nauyin nauyin abin da ke ciki na biyu ≥ 9%
Nau'in haɓakar samfuran dipping uku ≥ 5%
Graphitization yana nufin tsarin kula da yanayin zafi mai zafi wanda samfurin carbon ya kasance mai zafi zuwa zafin jiki na 2300 ° C ko fiye a cikin matsakaicin karewa a cikin tanderun lantarki mai zafi don canza tsarin amorphous mai shimfiɗa carbon zuwa tsari mai girma uku graphite crystal tsarin.
Manufar da tasirin graphitization:
1 inganta haɓakar haɓakawa da haɓakar thermal na kayan carbon (an rage juriya ta sau 4-5, kuma haɓakar thermal yana ƙaruwa da kusan sau 10);
2 inganta juriya na girgiza zafin zafi da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai na kayan carbon (madaidaicin haɓakar faɗaɗa madaidaiciya an rage ta 50-80%);
3 don yin lubricity abu na carbon da juriya abrasion;
4 Ƙunƙarar ƙazanta, inganta tsabtataccen kayan carbon (an rage ash abun ciki na samfurin daga 0.5-0.8% zuwa kusan 0.3%).
Ganewar tsarin graphitization:
A graphitization na carbon abu ne da za'ayi a wani babban zafin jiki na 2300-3000 °C, don haka za a iya gane kawai ta lantarki dumama a cikin masana'antu, wato, halin yanzu kai tsaye wuce ta cikin mai tsanani calcined samfurin, da calcined samfurin caje. a cikin tanderun ana samar da wutar lantarki a babban zafin jiki. Direbobi kuma wani abu ne wanda aka yi zafi da zafi.
Furnace a halin yanzu da ake amfani da ita sun haɗa da murhun graphitization na Acheson da tanderun zafi na ciki (LWG). Na farko yana da babban fitarwa, babban bambancin zafin jiki, da yawan amfani da wutar lantarki. Ƙarshen yana da ɗan gajeren lokacin dumama, ƙarancin wutar lantarki, tsayayyar wutar lantarki iri ɗaya, kuma bai dace da dacewa ba.
Ana sarrafa sarrafa tsarin graphitization ta hanyar auna ma'aunin wutar lantarki wanda ya dace da yanayin hawan zafin jiki. Lokacin samar da wutar lantarki shine awanni 50-80 don tanderun Acheson da awanni 9-15 don tanderun LWG.
Yin amfani da wutar lantarki na graphitization yana da girma sosai, gabaɗaya 3200-4800KWh, kuma farashin tsari ya kai kusan 20-35% na jimlar farashin samarwa.
Binciken samfuran graphitized: tapping bayyanar, gwajin juriya
Machining: Dalilin mashin injiniya na kayan aikin carbon graphite shine don cimma girman da ake buƙata, siffar, daidaito, da dai sauransu ta hanyar yanke don yin jikin lantarki da haɗin gwiwa daidai da bukatun amfani.
Aikin sarrafa na'urar graphite ya kasu kashi biyu matakai masu zaman kansu: jikin lantarki da haɗin gwiwa.
Tsarin jiki ya haɗa da matakai uku na fuska mai ban sha'awa da taurin kai, da'irar waje da lebur fuska da zaren milling. Ana iya raba aikin haɗin gwiwa na conical zuwa matakai 6: yankan, fuska mai lebur, fuskar mazugi na mota, zaren niƙa, ƙwanƙolin hakowa Da slotting.
Haɗin haɗin haɗin lantarki: haɗin haɗin haɗin conical (buckles uku da ɗaure ɗaya), haɗin haɗin haɗin cylindrical, haɗin haɗin gwiwa (haɗin namiji da mace)
Sarrafa daidaito machining: zaren taper karkacewa, zaren farar, haɗin gwiwa (rami) babban diamita sabawa, hadin gwiwa rami coaxial, hadin gwiwa rami verticality, electrode karshen fuska flatness, hadin gwiwa sabawa maki hudu. Duba tare da ma'aunin zobe na musamman da ma'aunin faranti.
Dubawa na ƙãre lantarki: daidaito, nauyi, tsawon, diamita, girma yawa, resistivity, pre-taro haƙuri, da dai sauransu.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-31-2019