Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amazwe kwihlabathi liphela akhuthaza uphuhliso lweshishini lamandla e-hydrogen ngesantya esingazange sabonwa ngaphambili. Ngokwengxelo ekhutshwe ngokudibeneyo yiKhomishini yaMandla eHydrogen yamazwe ngamazwe kunye noMcKinsey, amazwe angaphezu kwama-30 kunye nemimandla ikhuphe imephu yendlela yophuhliso lwamandla e-hydrogen, kwaye utyalo-mali lwehlabathi kwiiprojekthi zamandla e-hydrogen luya kufikelela kwi-300 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2030.
Amandla eHydrojeni ngamandla akhutshwa yihydrogen kwinkqubo yotshintsho lomzimba kunye neekhemikhali. IHydrojeni kunye neoksijini zinokutshiswa ukuze zenze amandla obushushu, kwaye zinokuguqulwa zibe ngumbane ngeeseli zamafutha. I-Hydrogen ayinayo kuphela uluhlu olubanzi lwemithombo, kodwa ineenzuzo zokuqhuba ukushisa okulungileyo, okucocekileyo kunye nokungenabuthi, kunye nokushisa okuphezulu kwiyunithi nganye. Ubushushu behydrogen kubunzima obufanayo bumalunga nokuphinda kathathu kwepetroli. Yimathiriyeli ekrwada ebalulekileyo kwishishini lepetrochemical kunye namafutha anamandla kwirokethi ye-aerospace. Ngokunyuka komnxeba wokujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokufezekisa ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, amandla e-hydrogen kulindeleke ukuba atshintshe inkqubo yamandla omntu.
Amandla e-Hydrogen athandwa kungekuphela ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni engu-zero kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa, kodwa nangenxa yokuba i-hydrogen ingasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokugcina amandla ukwenza ukuguquguquka kunye nokuphazamiseka kwamandla avuselelekayo kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso olukhulu lwale yokugqibela. . Ngokomzekelo, iteknoloji "yombane ukuya kwigesi" ekhuthazwa ngurhulumente waseJamani kukuvelisa i-hydrogen ukugcina umbane ococekileyo njengamandla omoya kunye nombane welanga, ongenakusetyenziswa ngexesha, kunye nokuthutha i-hydrogen kumgama omde ukuze usebenze ngakumbi. ukusetyenziswa. Ukongeza kwimeko yegesi, i-hydrogen inokuvela njengolwelo okanye i-hydride eqinileyo, eneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugcina kunye nezothutho. Njengamandla anqabileyo "ayi-couplant", amandla e-hydrogen akakwazi nje ukuqonda uguquko oluguquguqukayo phakathi kombane kunye ne-hydrogen, kodwa kunye nokwakha "ibhulorho" ukuqonda ukudityaniswa kombane, ubushushu, ukubanda kunye nokuba qinileyo, igesi kunye namafutha angamanzi, ukuze ukwakha inkqubo yamandla ecocekileyo nesebenzayo.
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamandla e-hydrogen zineemeko ezininzi zokusetyenziswa. Ekupheleni kuka-2020, ubunini behlabathi bezithuthi ze-hydrogen fuel cell buya kunyuka nge-38% xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo. Ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwamandla e-hydrogen ngokuthe ngcembe kwanda ukusuka kwintsimi yeemoto ukuya kwamanye amasimi anje ngezothutho, ukwakhiwa kunye noshishino. Xa isetyenziswa kuhambo lukaloliwe kunye neenqanawa, amandla e-hydrogen anokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka komgama omde kunye nokuthuthwa komthwalo omkhulu kwi-oyile yemveli kunye namafutha egesi. Umzekelo, ekuqaleni konyaka ophelileyo, iToyota yaphuhlisa kwaye yazisa ibhetshi yokuqala yeenkqubo zeeseli zamafutha e-hydrogen kwiinqanawa zaselwandle. Ukusetyenziswa kwisizukulwana esisasazwayo, amandla e-hydrogen anokubonelela ngamandla kunye nobushushu kwizakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo. Amandla e-Hydrogen nawo angakwazi ukubonelela ngokuthe ngqo izinto ezisebenzayo, ii-agent zokunciphisa kunye nemithombo yokushisa ephezulu ye-petrochemical, isinyithi kunye nentsimbi, i-metallurgy kunye namanye amashishini amachiza, ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
Nangona kunjalo, njengohlobo lwamandla esibini, amandla e-hydrogen akulula ukuwafumana. IHydrojeni ifumaneka ikakhulu emanzini nakwizibaso zefosili ngendlela yeekhompawundi ezisemhlabeni. Uninzi lwetekhnoloji ekhoyo yokuvelisa i-hydrogen ixhomekeke kumandla efosili kwaye ayinakukuphepha ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Okwangoku, itekhnoloji yemveliso ye-hydrogen ukusuka kumandla avuselelekayo iyakhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye i-zero ye-hydrogen ekhutshwayo ye-hydrogen inokuveliswa ukusuka kumandla ombane ahlaziyekayo kunye ne-electrolysis yamanzi. Izazinzulu zikwaphonononga itekhnoloji entsha yokuvelisa i-hydrogen, efana nelanga lokufota amanzi ukuvelisa i-hydrogen kunye ne-biomass ukuvelisa i-hydrogen. Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-hydrogen yenyukliya ephuhliswe liZiko lamandla enyukliya kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha bamandla eYunivesithi yaseTsinghua kulindeleke ukuba iqalise umboniso kwiminyaka eyi-10. Ukongeza, ikhonkco leshishini le-hydrogen likwabandakanya ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa, ukuzaliswa, isicelo kunye namanye amakhonkco, nawo ajongene nemingeni yobugcisa kunye nemiqobo yeendleko. Ukuthatha indawo yokugcina kunye nokuthutha njengomzekelo, i-hydrogen inoxinano oluphantsi kwaye kulula ukuvuza phantsi kobushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo. Ukuqhagamshelana kwexesha elide kunye nentsimbi kuya kubangela "i-hydrogen embrittlement" kunye nomonakalo wokugqibela. Ukugcinwa kunye nokuthutha kunzima kakhulu kunamalahle, ioli kunye negesi yendalo.
Okwangoku, amazwe amaninzi ajikeleze yonke imiba yophando olutsha lwe-hydrogen akwinqanaba elipheleleyo, ubunzima bobugcisa ekunyukeni ukoyisa. Ngokunyuka okuqhubekayo komlinganiselo wemveliso yamandla e-hydrogen kunye nokugcinwa kunye neziseko zokuthutha, iindleko zamandla e-hydrogen nazo zinendawo enkulu yokuncipha. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ixabiso elipheleleyo le-hydrogen energy industry chain kulindeleke ukuba lihle ngesiqingatha nge-2030. Silindele ukuba uluntu lwe-hydrogen luya kukhawuleza.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-30-2021