I-China lilizwe elinommandla omkhulu, iimeko eziphezulu ze-ore-forming geological, izibonelelo ezipheleleyo zezimbiwa kunye nemithombo yobutyebi eninzi. Ngumthombo omkhulu wezimbiwa kunye nemithombo yawo.
Ngokwembono yokwenziwa kwezimbiwa, iindawo ezintathu zehlabathi ezinkulu ze-metalogenic ziye zangena e-China, ngoko ke ubutyebi bezimbiwa buninzi, kwaye ubutyebi bezimbiwa buphelele ngokwentelekiso. I-China ifumene iindidi ze-171 zezimbiwa, apho i-156 inobungqina obugciniweyo, kwaye ixabiso layo elinokubakho likwindawo yesithathu kwihlabathi.
Ngokutsho koovimba abaqinisekisiweyo, kukho iindidi ezingama-45 zeeminerali eziphambili eTshayina. Abanye oovimba bezimbiwa zininzi kakhulu, njengeentsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, itungsten, itin, imolybdenum, niobium, tantalum, isulfure, magnesite, boron, amalahle, njl. njl., zonke zibekwe phambili kwihlabathi. Phakathi kwazo, iindidi ezintlanu zoovimba bezimbiwa zezokuqala ehlabathini. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi iindidi zeeminerali.
1. Tungsten ore
I-China lelona lizwe linobutyebi be-tungsten obutyebileyo emhlabeni. Kukho iidiphozithi zezimbiwa eziqinisekisiweyo ezingama-252 ezisasazwe kumaphondo angama-23 (kwizithili). Ngokwamaphondo (imimandla), i-Hunan (ingakumbi i-scheelite) kunye ne-Jiangxi (i-black-tungsten ore) zezona zikhulu, kunye noovimba abalelwa kwi-33.8% kunye ne-20.7% yabo bonke oovimba besizwe ngokulandelelanayo; Henan, Guangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, njl. Iphondo (isithili) sesibini.
Iindawo eziphambili zemigodi ye-tungsten ziquka uMgodi we-Hunan Shizhuyuan Tungsten, iNtaba yeJiangxi Xihua, intaba yeDaji, intaba yePangu, iNtaba yeGuimei, iGuangdong Lianhuashan Tungsten Mine, iFujian Luoluokeng Tungsten Mine, iGansu Ta'ergou Tungsten Mine, kunye neHenan Sandaozhuang Mine kunye neAluminiyam yeTungsten .
I-Dayu County, kwiPhondo laseJiangxi, iChina yindawo eyaziwayo yehlabathi "iTungsten Capital". Kukho ngaphezu kwe-400 yemigodi ye-tungsten ethe gqolo. Emva kweMfazwe yeOpium, amaJamani aqala afumanisa itungsten apho. Ngelo xesha, bathenga ngokufihlakeleyo amalungelo okumba i-yuan ye-500. Emva kokufunyanwa kwabantu abathanda izwe, baye baphakama ukukhusela imigodi kunye nemigodi. Emva kweengxoxo ezininzi, ekugqibeleni ndawafumana amalungelo okusebenza kwemigodi nge-1,000 yuan ngowe-1908 ndaza ndaqokelela imali yokwenza imigodi. Eli lelona shishini lokuqala lophuhliso lomgodi we-tungsten e-Weinan.
Undoqo kunye nomzekelo we-Dangping tungsten idiphozithi, kwi-Dayu County, kwiPhondo laseJiangxi
Okwesibini, i-antimony ore
I-锑 yintsimbi yesilivere-grey enokumelana nokubola. Indima ephambili ye-niobium kwi-alloys kukwandisa ubulukhuni, obudla ngokubizwa ngokuba zii-hardeners zesinyithi okanye i-alloys.
I-China lelinye lamazwe ehlabathi afumanisa kwaye asebenzisa i-antimony ore ngaphambili. Kwiincwadi zakudala ezinje ngo "Hanshu Ukutya kunye noKutya" kunye "neeRekhodi zeMbali", kukho iirekhodi zokujongana. Ngelo xesha, babengabizwa ngokuba yi-锑, kodwa babizwa ngokuba yi "Lianxi." Emva kokusekwa kwe-New China, uphononongo olukhulu lwejoloji kunye nophuhliso loMgodi waseYankuang lwenziwa, kunye nokunyibilikiswa okuguquguqukayo kwesithando somlilo esinesalfa yesulfure yaphuhliswa. Oovimba be-antimony ore kunye nenqanaba lemveliso ye-antimony yokuqala emhlabeni, kunye nenani elikhulu lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuveliswa kwe-bismuth yensimbi ecocekileyo (kubandakanywa 99.999%) kunye nomgangatho ophezulu omhlophe omhlophe, omele umgangatho wemveliso wehlabathi.
I-China lilizwe elinoovimba abakhulu bemithombo ye-plutonium ehlabathini, ethatha i-52% yetotali yehlabathi. Kukho imigodi eyi-171 eyaziwayo yaseYankuang, esasazwe ikakhulu eHunan, eGuangxi, eTibet, eYunnan, eGuizhou naseGansu. Oovimba bebonke bamaphondo mathandathu babalelwa kwi-87.2% yetotali yezibonelelo ezichongiweyo. Iphondo elinoovimba abakhulu be-锑 imithombo yiHunan. Isixeko esinamanzi abandayo kweli phondo ngowona mgodi mkhulu we-antimony ehlabathini, uthatha isinye kwisithathu semveliso yonyaka yelizwe.
Obu butyebi base-United States buxhomekeke kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwelizwe lase-China kwaye buxabiseke ngaphezu komhlaba onqabileyo. Kuxelwe ukuba i-60% yeYankuang ethengwe evela eUnited States ivela eTshayina. Njengoko iwonga leTshayina kumazwe ngamazwe lisiya linyuka ngokunyuka, ngokuthe ngcembe siye safumana ilungelo elithile lokuthetha. Ngo-2002, i-China yenza isindululo sokwamkela inkqubo ye-quota yokuthumela i-Yankuang kumazwe angaphandle, kwaye ibambe ngokunyanisekileyo izibonelelo ezandleni zayo. Ku, ukuphuhlisa uphando kunye nophuhliso lwelizwe labo.
Okwesithathu, i-bentonite
I-Bentonite iyinto exabisekileyo ye-non-metallic mineral resource, ngokukodwa iqulunqwe yi-montmorillonite enesakhiwo esine-layer. Ngenxa yokuba i-bentonite inoluhlu lweempawu ezigqwesileyo ezifana nokuvuvukala, i-adsorption, ukumiswa, i-dispersibility, i-ion exchange, ukuzinza, i-thixotropy, njl., inemisebenzi engaphezu kwe-1000, ngoko inegama elithi "udongwe lwendalo yonke"; inokucutshungulwa kwi-Adhesives, i-suspending agents, i-thixotropic agents, i-catalysts, i-clarfiers, i-adsorbents, i-carrier carriers, njl.
Izibonelelo ze-bentonite zaseChina zizityebi kakhulu, kunye nomthombo oqikelelwayo ongaphezu kweetoni zebhiliyoni ezi-7. Ifumaneka kwi-bentonites esekelwe kwi-calcium kunye ne-sodium-based bentonites, kunye ne-hydrogen-based based, i-aluminium-based, i-soda-calcium-based and unclassified bentonites. Ukugcinwa kwe-sodium bentonite yi-586.334 yezigidi zeetoni, ezibalelwa kwi-24% yogcino olupheleleyo; oovimba abalindelekileyo be-sodium bentonite yi-351.586 yezigidi zeetoni; iintlobo ze-aluminium kunye ne-hydrogen ngaphandle kwe-calcium kunye ne-sodium bentonite i-akhawunti malunga ne-42%.
Okwesine, titanium
Ngokubhekiselele koovimba, ngokutsho koqikelelo, i-ilmenite nerutile yobutyebi behlabathi iyonke idlula iitoni ezibhiliyoni ezi-2, kwaye oovimba abaxhatshazwayo ngokwezoqoqosho baziitoni ezingama-770 ezigidi. Phakathi koovimba abacacileyo behlabathi bemithombo ye-titanium, i-ilmenite ithatha i-94%, kwaye enye i-rutile. I-China lelona lizwe linogcino likhulu lwe-ilmenite, elinoovimba abazizigidi ezingama-220 zeetoni, ezibalelwa kuma-28.6% oovimba behlabathi bebonke. I-Australia, i-Indiya kunye noMzantsi Afrika zibekwe kwindawo yesibini ukuya kweyesine. Ngokuphathelele kwimveliso, imveliso emine ephezulu yehlabathi ye-titanium ore ngo-2016 yayinguMzantsi Afrika, i-China, i-Australia kunye ne-Mozambique.
Ukuhanjiswa kweendawo zokugcina i-titanium ore kwihlabathi ngo-2016
Intsimbi yetitanium yaseTshayina isasazwe kumaphondo angaphezu kwe-10 nakwimimandla ezimeleyo. Intsimbi ye-titanium ikakhulu yi-titanium ore, i-rutile ore kunye ne-ilmenite ore kwi-vanadium-titanium magnetite. I-Titanium kwi-vanadium-titanium magnetite iveliswa ikakhulu kwindawo yasePanzhihua yaseSichuan. Imigodi yeRutile iveliswa ikakhulu eHubei, Henan, Shanxi nakwamanye amaphondo. I-Ilmenite ore iveliswa ikakhulu eHainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi nakwamanye amaphondo (imimandla). Oovimba be-TiO2 be-ilmenite bangama-357 ezigidi zeetoni, babekwe kwindawo yokuqala kwihlabathi.
Isihlanu, intsimbi enqabileyo yomhlaba
I-China lilizwe elikhulu elinoovimba bobutyebi bomhlaba obunqabileyo. Ayityebi nje kuphela koovimba, kodwa ikwaneenzuzo zezimbiwa ezipheleleyo kunye nezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, umgangatho ophezulu wemihlaba enqabileyo kunye nokuhanjiswa okufanelekileyo kwamanqaku e-ore, ibeka isiseko esiluqilima sophuhliso lweshishini lomhlaba onqabileyo waseTshayina.
China izimbiwa eziphambili ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ziquka: Baiyun Ebo kunqabile umhlaba mgodi, Shandong Weishan enqabileyo umhlaba mgodi, Suining ezinqabileyo umhlaba, Jiangxi weathering iqokobhe leaching uhlobo ezinqabileyo umhlaba mgodi, Hunan brown trout mgodi kunye nesanti yonxweme kunxweme olude.
I-Baiyun Obo enqabileyo yomhlaba ore i-symbiotic kunye nentsimbi. Iiminerali eziphambili zomhlaba ezinqabileyo yi-fluorocarbon antimony ore kunye ne-monazite. Umlinganiselo yi-3:1, efikelele kwibakala elinqabileyo lokubuyisela umhlaba. Ngoko ke, ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi exutyiweyo. Iyonke i-REO yomhlaba enqabileyo yi-35 yezigidi zeetoni, ibalwa malunga ne-35 yezigidi zeetoni. Umyinge wama-38% oovimba behlabathi ngowona mgodi mkhulu unqabileyo ehlabathini.
Intsimbi ekrwada yomhlaba enqabileyo ye-Weishan kunye ne-Suining enqabileyo yomhlaba intsimbi ekrwada ubukhulu becala yenziwe yi-bastnasite ore, ehamba ne-barite, njl., kwaye kulula ukukhetha iintsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo.
I-Jiangxi weathering crust leaching ore yomhlaba enqabileyo luhlobo olutsha lweminerali yomhlaba enqabileyo. Ukunyibilikiswa kwayo kunye nokunyibilikiswa kwayo kulula, kwaye iqulethe imihlaba enqabileyo ephakathi kunye nobunzima. Luhlobo lwentsimbi ekrwada yomhlaba enqabileyo enokhuphiswano lwemarike.
Iisanti eziselunxwemeni lwaseTshayina nazo zityebe ngokugqithisileyo. Unxweme lweSouth China Sea kunye nonxweme lweSiqithi saseHainan kunye neSiqithi saseTaiwan sinokubizwa ngokuba lunxweme lwegolide lweediphozithi zesanti yonxweme. Kukho iidiphozithi zesanti yentlenga yanamhlanje kunye nemigodi yesanti yakudala, apho i-monazite kunye nexenotime zinyangwa. Isanti yolwandle ifunyanwa njengemveliso xa ifumana iilmenite kunye ne zircon.
Nangona imithombo yezimbiwa yaseTshayina ityebe kakhulu, kodwa abantu bangama-58% omntu ngamnye wehlabathi, bebeka indawo yama-53 kwihlabathi. Kwaye iimpawu ze-endowment zezibonelelo zaseTshayina zihluphekile kwaye zinzima kum, kunzima ukukhetha, kunzima kum. Uninzi lweediphozithi ezinogcino oluqinisekisiweyo lwe-bauxite kunye nezinye iiminerali ezinkulu zimbi kakhulu. Ukongeza, iiminerali eziphezulu ezifana ne-tungsten ore zisetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo, kwaye uninzi lwazo zisetyenziselwa ukuthengisa ngaphandle, okukhokelela kumaxabiso aphantsi emveliso yezimbiwa kunye nokuchithwa kwemithombo. Kuyimfuneko ukunyusa ngakumbi iinzame zokulungisa, ukukhusela izibonelelo, ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso, kunye nokuseka ilizwi lehlabathi kwimithombo yezimbiwa ebalaseleyo. Umthombo: Utshintshiselwano lweMigodi
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-11-2019