Umbonisi weeseli zamafutha e-hydrogen we-Universal Hydrogen wenze inqwelomoya yakhe yokuqala ukuya eMoss Lake, eWashington, kwiveki ephelileyo. Indiza yovavanyo yathatha imizuzu eyi-15 kwaye yafikelela kwindawo ephakamileyo yeenyawo ze-3,500. Iqonga lovavanyo lisekwe kwi-Dash8-300, eyona nqwelo-moya inkulu yehlabathi ye-hydrogen fuel cell.
Inqwelo-moya, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Lightning McClean, yasuka kwi-Airport ye-Grant County International Airport (KMWH) ngo-8: 45 ekuseni ngo-Matshi 2 kwaye yafikelela kwindawo ephakamileyo ye-3,500 ezinyaweni ze-15 imizuzu kamva. Inqwelomoya, esekelwe kwisatifikethi se-FAA Special Airworthiness, yeyokuqala kwinqwelomoya yovavanyo lweminyaka emibini ekulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kuvuthondaba ngo-2025. Inqwelomoya, eyaguqulwayo isuka kwijethi yengingqi ye-ATR 72, igcina kuphela injini enye yantlandlolo yefosili ukwenzela ukhuseleko, ngelixa ezinye zinikwe amandla yi-hydrogen ecocekileyo.
I-Universal Hydrogen ijolise ukuba imisebenzi ye-flight yengingqi inikwe amandla ngokupheleleyo ngamaseli e-hydrogen fuel ngo-2025. Kolu vavanyo, i-injini eqhutywa yi-hydrogen fuel cell ecocekileyo ikhupha amanzi kuphela kwaye ayingcolisi umoya. Kuba iluvavanyo lokuqala, enye injini isasebenza kumafutha aqhelekileyo. Ngoko ukuba ujonge kuyo, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwee-injini zasekhohlo nezisekunene, nobubanzi beencakuba kunye nenani leencakuba. Ngokuka Universal Hydrogren, iinqwelomoya ezinikwe amandla ziiseli ze-hydrogen fuel zikhuselekile, zinexabiso eliphantsi ukusebenza kwaye zinefuthe elincinane kokusingqongileyo. Iiseli zabo ze-hydrogen fuel zimodyuli kwaye zinokulayishwa kwaye zothulwe ngezibonelelo zempahla ezikhoyo zesikhululo seenqwelomoya, ngoko ke isikhululo seenqwelomoya sinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuzaliswa kwenqwelomoya ene-hydrogen ngaphandle kokuguqulwa. Kwithiyori, iijethi ezinkulu zinokwenza okufanayo, kunye nee-turbofans ezinikwa amandla ziiseli ze-hydrogen ezilindeleke ukuba zisetyenziswe phakathi koo-2030.
Enyanisweni, uPaul Eremenko, umququzeleli kunye ne-CEO ye-Universal Hydrogen, ukholelwa ukuba i-jetliners iya kufuneka iqhube kwi-hydrogen ecocekileyo phakathi kwe-2030s, ngaphandle koko i-shishini liya kufuneka linqumle iinqwelomoya ukuze lihlangabezane neenjongo zokukhutshwa kwe-industry-wide emissions targets. Isiphumo siya kuba kukunyuka kabukhali kwamaxabiso amatikiti kunye nomzabalazo wokufumana itikiti. Ke ngoko, kungxamisekile ukukhuthaza uphando kunye nophuhliso lweenqwelomoya ezintsha zamandla. Kodwa le nqwelomoya yokuqala ikwanika ithemba kwishishini.
Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngu-Alex Kroll, owayesakuba ngumqhubi wovavanyo woMkhosi woMoya wase-US onamava kunye nomqhubi wovavanyo oluphambili lwenkampani. Uthe kutyelelo lwesibini lovavanyo, wakwazi ukubhabha ngokupheleleyo kwijenereyitha yeeseli ze-hydrogen, ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwiinjini zamandulo zefosili. "Inqwelomoya elungisiweyo inentsebenzo egqwesileyo yokuphatha kwaye inkqubo yamandla e-hydrogen ye-fuel cell ivelisa ingxolo encinci kunye nokungcangcazela kuneenjini ze-injini eziqhelekileyo," utshilo u-Kroll.
I-Universal Hydrogen inenqwaba yee-odolo zabakhweli kwiijethi zengingqi ezine-hydrogen, kuquka i-Connect Airlines, inkampani yaseMelika. UJohn Thomas, umlawuli oyintloko wale nkampani, wabiza inqwelomoya kaLightning McClain "yi-zero ye-decarbonization yoshishino lweenqwelomoya zehlabathi."
Kutheni le nto inqwelomoya ene-hydrogen iyindlela yokunciphisa ikhabhoni kwinqwelomoya?
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kubeka izithuthi zomoya emngciphekweni kumashumi eminyaka ezayo.
Inqwelo-moya ikhupha ikharbon diokside eninzi njengeemoto neelori, ngokutsho kweWorld Resources Institute, iqela elingenzi ngeniso elizinze eWashington. Nangona kunjalo, iinqwelomoya zithwala abakhweli abambalwa kakhulu ngosuku kuneemoto kunye neelori.
Iinqwelomoya ezine ezinkulu (i-American, i-United, i-Delta kunye ne-Southwest) yandise ukusetyenziswa kwe-jet fuel yabo ngeepesenti ze-15 phakathi kwe-2014 kunye ne-2019. indlela ehlayo ukusukela ngo-2019.
Iinqwelomoya zizibophelele ekubeni zingathathi hlangothi kwikhabhoni phakathi kwinkulungwane, kwaye abanye batyale imali kumafutha azinzileyo ukuze inqwelomoya idlale indima ebonakalayo kutshintsho lwemozulu.
Izibaso ezizinzileyo (SAFs) zizibaso zebhayoloji ezenziwe ngeoyile yokupheka, ngamafutha ezilwanyana, inkunkuma kamasipala okanye ezinye izinto zokutya. Amafutha anokudityaniswa namafutha aqhelekileyo ukunika amandla iinjini zejethi kwaye sele esetyenziswa kwiinqwelomoya zovavanyo nakwinqwelomoya zabakhweli ezicwangcisiweyo. Noko ke, isibaso esigcinekayo siyabiza, malunga nexabiso eliphindwe kathathu kuneliqhelekileyo lejethi. Njengoko iinqwelo-moya ezininzi zithenga kwaye zisebenzisa amafutha azinzileyo, amaxabiso aya kunyuka ngakumbi. Abathetheleli batyhala inkuthazo efana nokuthotywa kwerhafu ukunyusa imveliso.
Amafutha azinzileyo abonwa njengamafutha ebhulorho anokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kude kube yimpumelelo enkulu efana nenqwelomoya yombane okanye i-hydrogen. Enyanisweni, obu bugcisa busenokungasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwinqwelomoya eminye iminyaka engama-20 okanye engama-30.
Iinkampani zizama ukuyila kunye nokwakha iinqwelomoya zombane, kodwa uninzi zinqwelomoya ezincinci, ezifana nehelikopta ezisukayo zize zihlale nkqo kwaye zibambe abakhweli abambalwa kuphela.
Ukwenza inqwelomoya enkulu yombane ekwaziyo ukuthwala abakhweli abangama-200 -- elilingana nenqwelomoya ephakathi kobungakanani-kuya kufuna iibhetri ezinkulu kunye namaxesha amade okubhabha. Ngokwaloo mgangatho, iibhetri kuya kufuneka zibe nobunzima obuphinda-phindwe kangangama-40 kunobo bamafutha ejethi ukuze kutshajwe ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa iindiza zombane azinakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kweteknoloji yebhetri.
Amandla eHydrojeni sisixhobo esisebenzayo sokuphumeza ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ephantsi kwaye sidlala indima engenakuphinda ithathelwe indawo kutshintsho lwamandla ehlabathi. Inzuzo ebalulekileyo yamandla e-hydrogen ngaphezu kweminye imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo kukuba inokugcinwa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu ngamaxesha onyaka. Phakathi kwabo, i-hydrogen eluhlaza yiyona ndlela yodwa ye-decarbonization enzulu kumashishini amaninzi, kubandakanywa nemimandla yoshishino emele i-petrochemical, insimbi, imboni yeekhemikhali kunye neshishini lokuthutha elimelwe yi-aviation. NgokweKhomishini yaMazwe ngaMazwe ngaMandla eHydrogen, imakethi yamandla e-hydrogen kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-2.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2050.
"I-Hydrogen ngokwayo ifuthe elilula kakhulu," uDan Rutherford, umphandi wemoto kunye ne-aircraft decarbonization kwi-International Council on Clean Transportation, iqela lokusingqongileyo, uxelele i-Associated Press. "Kodwa ufuna iitanki ezinkulu ukugcina i-hydrogen, kwaye itanki ngokwayo inzima kakhulu."
Ukongezelela, kukho imiqobo kunye nemiqobo ekuphunyezweni kwe-hydrogen fuel. Umzekelo, iziseko ezintsha ezinkulu nezixabisayo ziya kufuneka kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya ukugcina igesi yehydrogen epholileyo ibe lulwelo.
Okwangoku, u-Rutherford uhlala enethemba lokulumka malunga ne-hydrogen. Iqela lakhe likholelwa ukuba iinqwelomoya ze-hydrogen ziya kukwazi ukuhamba malunga neekhilomitha ezili-2,100 nge-2035.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-16-2023