Inqaku loMhleli: Itekhnoloji yombane likamva lomhlaba oluhlaza, kwaye ubuchwepheshe bebhetri sisiseko sobuchwepheshe bombane kunye nesitshixo sokuthintela uphuhliso olukhulu lobuchwepheshe bombane.Itekhnoloji yebhetri ekhoyo ngoku ibhetri ye-lithium-ion, enobuninzi bamandla kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu.Nangona kunjalo, i-lithium yinto enqabileyo eneendleko eziphezulu kunye nezixhobo ezinqongopheleyo.Ngexesha elifanayo, njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo kukhula, ukuxinwa kwamandla ebhetri ye-lithium-ion akusekho ngokwaneleyo.njani ukuphendula?UMayank Jain uthathe isitokhwe setekhnoloji yebhetri enokusetyenziswa kwixesha elizayo.Inqaku lokuqala lapapashwa phakathi kunye nesihloko: Ikamva lobuChwephesha bebhetri
Umhlaba uzele ngamandla, yaye senza konke okusemandleni ethu ukubamba size siwasebenzise kakuhle loo mandla.Nangona senze umsebenzi ongcono kutshintsho lwamandla ahlaziyekayo, asikhange senze nkqubela ingako ekugcineni umbane.
Okwangoku, umgangatho ophezulu weteknoloji yebhetri yibhetri ye-lithium-ion.Le bhetri ibonakala inobuninzi bamandla, ukusebenza kakuhle (malunga ne-99%), kunye nobomi obude.
Ke yintoni engalunganga?Njengoko amandla ahlaziyekayo esiwabambayo aqhubeka ekhula, ukuxinana kwamandla ebhetri ye-lithium-ion akusanele.
Ekubeni sinokuqhubeka nokuvelisa iibhetri kwiibhetshi, oku kungabonakali njengento enkulu, kodwa ingxaki kukuba i-lithium yintsimbi enqabileyo, ngoko ke ixabiso layo aliphantsi.Nangona iindleko zokuvelisa ibhetri ziwa, imfuno yokugcina amandla iyanda ngokukhawuleza.
Sifikelele kwinqanaba apho ibhetri ye-lithium ion yenziwe, iya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwishishini lamandla.
Uxinaniso lwamandla oluphezulu lwamafutha efosili yinyani, kwaye le yimpembelelo enkulu ethintela inguqu yokuxhomekeka ngokupheleleyo kumandla ahlaziyekayo.Sifuna iibhetri ezikhupha amandla amaninzi kunobunzima bethu.
Zisebenza njani iibhetri ze-lithium-ion
Indlela yokusebenza yeebhetri ze-lithium ifana ne-AA okanye i-AAA iibhetri zeekhemikhali eziqhelekileyo.Zine-anode kunye ne-cathode terminals, kunye ne-electrolyte phakathi.Ngokungafaniyo neebhetri eziqhelekileyo, ukusabela kokukhutshwa kwibhetri ye-lithium-ion kuguqulwa, ngoko ibhetri inokuphinda ihlaziywe ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
I-cathode (+ terminal) yenziwe nge-lithium iron phosphate, i-anode (-terminal) yenziwe ngegraphite, kunye negraphite yenziwe ngekhabhoni.Umbane kukuhamba nje kwee-electron.Ezi bhetri zivelisa umbane ngokuhambisa i-lithium ion phakathi kwe-anode kunye ne-cathode.
Xa ihlawuliswa, i-ion ihambela kwi-anode, kwaye xa ikhutshwe, i-ion ibaleka kwi-cathode.
Le ntshukumo yeeyoni ibangela ukuhamba kwee-electron kwisekethe, ngoko ke i-lithium ion movement kunye ne-electron movement inxulumene.
Ibhetri ye-Silicon anode
Iinkampani ezininzi zeemoto ezinkulu njenge-BMW zityale imali kuphuhliso lweebhetri ze-silicon anode.Njengeebhetri eziqhelekileyo ze-lithium-ion, ezi bhetri zisebenzisa i-lithium anode, kodwa endaweni ye-carbon-based anodes, zisebenzisa i-silicon.
Njenge-anode, i-silicon ingcono kune-graphite kuba idinga i-athomu ye-4 ye-carbon ukubamba i-lithium, kunye ne-athomu ye-silicon ye-1 ingabamba i-4 lithium ion.Olu lolona phuculo lukhulu … ukwenza isilicon yomelele ngokuphindwe kathathu kunegraphite.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-lithium kuseyikrele elintlangothi-mbini.Esi sixhobo sisabiza, kodwa kulula ukutshintshela izixhobo zokuvelisa kwiiseli ze-silicon.Ukuba iibhetri zihluke ngokupheleleyo, i-factory iya kufuneka ihlaziywe ngokupheleleyo, eya kubangela ukuba ukukhanga kokutshintsha kuncitshiswe kancinci.
I-Silicon anode yenziwa ngokunyanga isanti ukuvelisa isilicon ecocekileyo, kodwa eyona ngxaki inkulu abaphandi abajongene nayo ngoku kukuba i-silicon anode iyadumba xa isetyenziswa.Oku kunokubangela ukuba ibhetri yehle ngokukhawuleza.Kwakhona kunzima ukuvelisa i-anodes eninzi.
Ibhetri yegraphene
I-graphene luhlobo lwe-carbon flake esebenzisa izinto ezifanayo njengepensile, kodwa kubiza ixesha elininzi ukuncamathisela igraphite kwiiflakes.IGraphene inconywa ngokusebenza kwayo kakuhle kwiimeko ezininzi zokusetyenziswa, kwaye iibhetri yenye yazo.
Ezinye iinkampani zisebenza kwiibhetri zegraphene ezinokutshajwa ngokupheleleyo ngemizuzu kwaye zikhuphe ngamaxesha angama-33 ngokukhawuleza kuneebhetri ze-lithium-ion.Oku kunexabiso elikhulu kwizithuthi zombane.
Ibhetri yogwebu
Okwangoku, iibhetri zemveli zimbini-dimensional.Zinokuthi zifakwe njengebhetri ye-lithium okanye zihlanganiswe njenge-AA eqhelekileyo okanye ibhetri ye-lithium-ion.
Ibhetri ye-foam yingcamango entsha ebandakanya ukuhamba kwentlawulo yombane kwindawo ye-3D.
Esi sakhiwo sine-3-dimensional sinokukhawulezisa ixesha lokutshaja kunye nokwandisa ubuninzi bamandla, ezi ziimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu zebhetri.Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iibhetri ezininzi, iibhetri ze-foam azinayo i-electrolyte yolwelo eyingozi.
Iibhetri zogwebu zisebenzisa i-electrolyte eqinileyo endaweni ye-electrolyte engamanzi.Le electrolyte ayiqhubeki nje i-lithium ion, kodwa iphinde ifake ezinye izixhobo zombane.
I-anode ebambe intlawulo engalunganga yebhetri yenziwe ngobhedu olugwebukileyo kwaye igqunywe ngezinto ezifunekayo ezisebenzayo.
I-electrolyte eyomeleleyo ke igalelwe i-anode.
Ekugqibeleni, into ebizwa ngokuba yi "postitive paste" isetyenziselwa ukugcwalisa izithuba ngaphakathi kwebhetri.
Ibhetri yeAluminiyam oxide
Ezi bhetri zinenye yezona zinto zixineneyo zamandla kuyo nayiphi na ibhetri.Amandla ayo anamandla kwaye alula kuneebhetri ze-lithium-ion zangoku.Abanye abantu bathi ezi bhetri zinokubonelela ngeekhilomitha ezingama-2,000 zezithuthi zombane.Yintoni le ngcamango?Ukufumana ireferensi, uluhlu oluphezulu lokuhamba ngenqanawa lweTesla lumalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-600.
Ingxaki ngezi bhetri kukuba azinakubizwa.Bavelisa i-aluminium hydroxide kwaye bakhulule amandla ngokuphendula kwe-aluminium kunye ne-oksijini kwi-electrolyte esekwe emanzini.Ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri kudla i-aluminiyam njenge-anode.
Ibhetri yesodium
Okwangoku, izazinzulu zaseJapan zisebenza ekwenzeni iibhetri ezisebenzisa i-sodium endaweni ye-lithium.
Oku kuya kuphazamisa, njengoko iibhetri ze-sodium ziyi-theory ngamaxesha e-7 asebenzayo ngaphezu kweebhetri ze-lithium.Enye inzuzo enkulu kukuba isodiyam yinto yesithandathu kwezona zityebi emhlabeni, xa kuthelekiswa ne-lithium, into enqabileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-02-2019