[Ubuninzi bamandla ebhetri ye-lithium kwixesha elizayo linokufikelela kumaxesha angama-1.5 ukuya kuma-2 ngoku, oku kuthetha ukuba iibhetri ziya kuba zincinci. ]
[Uluhlu lokunciphisa iindleko zeLithium-ion luphakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-30%. Kunzima ukulehlisa ixabiso ngesiqingatha. ]
Ukusuka kwii-smartphones ukuya kwiimoto zombane, itekhnoloji yebhetri ngokuthe ngcembe ingena kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi. Ke, leliphi icala eliya kuphuhlisa ibhetri elizayo kwaye luluphi utshintsho oluya kuzisa eluntwini? Ngale mibuzo engqondweni, intatheli yezeMali yokuQala udliwano-ndlebe kwinyanga ephelileyo uAkira Yoshino, isazinzulu saseJapan esiphumelele iBhaso leNobel kwiChemistry yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion kulo nyaka.
Ngokombono kaYoshino, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziya kuhlala zilawula ishishini lebhetri kwiminyaka eyi-10 ezayo. Ukuphuhliswa kobuchwephesha obutsha obufana nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye ne-Intanethi yeZinto ziya kuzisa utshintsho "olungenakucingelwa" kwithemba lokusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion.
Utshintsho olungenakucingelwa
Xa uYoshino waqaphela igama elithi "ephathekayo", waqonda ukuba uluntu ludinga ibhetri entsha. Kwi-1983, ibhetri yokuqala ye-lithium yehlabathi yazalwa eJapan. I-Yoshino Akira ivelise i-prototype yokuqala yehlabathi yebhetri ye-lithium-ion etshajwayo, kwaye iya kwenza igalelo elibalaseleyo kuphuhliso lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwii-smartphones kunye nezithuthi zombane kwixesha elizayo.
Kwinyanga ephelileyo, u-Akira Yoshino uthe ngodliwano-ndlebe olukhethekileyo kunye ne-No. “Udliwano-ndlebe olupheleleyo kamva lwandenza ndaxakeka kakhulu, yaye ndandingenakonwaba kakhulu.” U-Akira Yoshino uthe. “Kodwa njengokuba usuku lokufumana amawonga ngoDisemba lusiya lusondela, ubunyani bawo buqina.”
Kwiminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo, abaphengululi be-27 baseJapan okanye baseJapan baye baphumelela ibhaso leNobel kwiKhemistry, kodwa babini kuphela kubo, kuquka no-Akira Yoshino, abafumene amabhaso njengabaphandi beenkampani. "EJapan, abaphandi abavela kumaziko ophando kunye neeyunivesithi ngokubanzi bafumana amabhaso, kwaye bambalwa abaphandi beshishini abaphumelele amabhaso." U-Akira Yoshino uxelele i-First Financial Journalist. Ukwagxininise izinto ezilindelwe lishishini. Ukholelwa ukuba kukho uphando oluninzi lwenqanaba leNobel ngaphakathi kwenkampani, kodwa ishishini laseJapan kufuneka liphucule ubunkokeli kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
U-Yoshino Akira ukholelwa ukuba ukuphuhliswa kobuchwephesha obutsha obufana nobukrelekrele bokufakelwa kunye ne-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi iya kuzisa utshintsho "olungenakucingelwa" kwizicelo zezicelo zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ngokomzekelo, ukuqhubela phambili kwesoftware kuya kukhawulezisa inkqubo yoyilo lwebhetri kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezinto ezintsha, kwaye Inokuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri, ukuvumela ukuba ibhetri isetyenziswe kwindawo engcono kakhulu.
U-Yoshino Akira naye ukhathazeke kakhulu ngegalelo lophando lwakhe ekusombululeni imiba yokutshintsha kwemozulu yehlabathi. Uxelele i-First Financial Journalist ukuba wawongwa ngezizathu ezibini. Eyokuqala kukuba negalelo kuphuhliso lwentlalo yoluntu oluphathwayo; okwesibini kukubonelela ngeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokukhusela imeko-bume yehlabathi. “Igalelo kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo liza kucaca ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo. Kwangaxeshanye, eli lithuba elihle leshishini. ” U-Akira Yoshino uxelele intatheli yezemali.
U-Yoshino Akira uxelele abafundi ngexesha lentetho kwiYunivesithi yaseMeijo njengoprofesa onikwe ukulindela okuphezulu koluntu ekusebenziseni amandla avuselelekayo kunye neebhetri njengendlela yokumelana nokufudumala kwehlabathi, uya kuhambisa ulwazi lwakhe, kubandakanywa iingcamango kwimiba yokusingqongileyo. ”
Ngubani oza kulawula ishishini lebhetri
Uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe bebhetri luqalise utshintsho lwamandla. Ukusuka kwiifowuni ezihlakaniphile ukuya kwiimoto zombane, itekhnoloji yebhetri ikhona yonke indawo, iguqula yonke inkalo yobomi babantu. Ingaba ibhetri yexesha elizayo iya kuba namandla ngakumbi kwaye ixabiso eliphantsi liya kuchaphazela ngamnye wethu.
Okwangoku, ishishini lizibophelele ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko lwebhetri ngelixa linyusa ukuxinana kwamandla ebhetri. Ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kwebhetri kukwanceda ukujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo.
Ngokombono kaYoshino, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziya kuhlala zilawula ishishini lebhetri kwiminyaka eyi-10 ezayo, kodwa uphuhliso kunye nokunyuka kobuchwephesha obutsha kuya kuqhubeka nokuqinisa uqikelelo kunye nethemba loshishino. U-Yoshino Akira utshele i-First Business News ukuba ubuninzi bamandla eebhetri ze-lithium kwixesha elizayo linokufikelela kumaxesha angama-1.5 ukuya kuma-2 ngoku, oku kuthetha ukuba ibhetri iya kuba yincinci. "Oku kunciphisa izinto kwaye kunciphisa iindleko, kodwa akusayi kuhla kakhulu kwindleko yezinto." Uthe, “Ukwehla kwexabiso lebhetri ye-lithium-ion kuninzi phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-30%. Ukufuna ukuthoba ixabiso ngesiqingatha Kunzima ngakumbi. ”
Ngaba izixhobo ze-elektroniki ziya kuhlawula ngokukhawuleza kwixesha elizayo? Ekuphenduleni, u-Akira Yoshino uthe ifowuni ephathwayo igcwele kwi-5-10 imizuzu, efunyenwe kwibhubhoratri. Kodwa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kufuna i-voltage eyomeleleyo, eya kuchaphazela ubomi bebhetri. Kwiimeko ezininzi ngokwenyani, abantu banokungafuneki ukuba babize ngokukhawuleza.
Ukususela kwiibhetri zokuqala ze-asidi, ukuya kwiibhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride eziziintsika zeenkampani zaseJapan ezifana neToyota, ukuya kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezazisetyenziswa nguTesla Roaster ngo-2008, iibhetri zelithium-ion zemveli ziye zalawula ibhetri yamandla. imarike iminyaka elishumi. Kwixesha elizayo, ukuchasana phakathi koxinano lwamandla kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko kunye neteknoloji yebhetri ye-lithium-ion yendabuko iya kuba yinto ephawulekayo.
Ukuphendula kuvavanyo kunye neemveliso zebhetri eziqinileyo ezivela kwiinkampani zaphesheya kweelwandle, u-Akira Yoshino uthe: "Ndicinga ukuba iibhetri zombuso oqinileyo zimele isalathiso sekamva, kwaye kusekho indawo enkulu yokuphucula. Ndiyathemba ukubona inkqubela entsha kungekudala. ”
Kwakhona wathi iibhetri eziqinileyo ziyafana kwitekhnoloji kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion. "Ngokuphucula itekhnoloji, isantya sokuqubha i-lithium ion sinokude sifikelele ngokuphindwe kane kwisantya sangoku." U-Akira Yoshino uxelele intatheli kwi-First Business News.
Iibhetri zombuso oqinileyo ziibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezisebenzisa i-electrolytes eqinile. Ngenxa yokuba ii-electrolyte zelizwe eziqinileyo zithatha indawo ye-electrolyte enokuthi iqhume kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion zemveli, oku kusombulula iingxaki ezimbini ezinkulu zokuxinana kwamandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kokhuseleko. I-electrolyte ye-Solid-state isetyenziswe kumandla afanayo Ibhetri ethatha indawo ye-electrolyte inobuninzi bamandla aphezulu, ngexesha elifanayo linamandla amakhulu kunye nexesha elide lokusebenzisa, eliyindlela yokuphuhlisa isizukulwana esilandelayo seebhetri ze-lithium.
Kodwa iibhetri eziqinileyo zikwajongene nemingeni efana nokunciphisa iindleko, ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwee-electrolytes eziqinileyo, kunye nokugcina uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwe-electrodes kunye ne-electrolytes ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha. Okwangoku, iinkampani ezinkulu zeemoto zehlabathi zenza utyalo-mali kakhulu kwi-R & D kwiibhetri zombuso oqinileyo. Umzekelo, iToyota iphuhlisa ibhetri yelizwe eliqinileyo, kodwa ixabiso alichazwanga. Amaziko ophando aqikelela ukuba ngo-2030, imfuno yebhetri yelizwe elomeleleyo kulindeleke ukuba isondele kuma-500 GWh.
UNjingalwazi uWhitingham, owabelana ngeBhaso leNobel kunye no-Akira Yoshino, wathi iibhetri eziqinileyo zinokuba ngowokuqala ukusetyenziswa kwii-elektroniki ezincinci ezifana neefowuni ze-smart. "Ngenxa yokuba kusekho iingxaki ezinkulu ekusetyenzisweni kweenkqubo ezinkulu." UNjingalwazi Wittingham uthe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-16-2019