Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-graphite electrode

I-electrode ye-graphite yinto ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu be-graphite conductive imathiriyeli eveliswa yipetroleum knead, inaliti ye-coke njenge-aggregate kunye nebhitumene yamalahle njenge-binder, eveliswa ngoluhlu lweenkqubo ezinje ngokuxova, ukubumba, ukuqhotsa, ukumiliselwa, igraphitization kunye nokulungiswa koomatshini. impahla.

I-electrode yegraphite yinto ebalulekileyo ye-high-temperature conductive material kwi-steelmaking yombane. I-electrode yegraphite isetyenziselwa ukufaka amandla ombane kwisithando sombane, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu obuveliswa yi-arc phakathi kokuphela kwe-electrode kunye nentlawulo isetyenziswe njengomthombo wokushisa ukunyibilikisa intlawulo yokwenza isinyithi. Ezinye ii-ore ore ezinyibilikisa imathiriyeli enjenge-phosphorus etyheli, isilicon yeshishini, kunye ne-abrasives nazo zisebenzisa ii-electrode zegraphite njengezinto zokuqhuba. Iipropathi ezibalaseleyo nezikhethekileyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zegraphite electrode nazo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwamanye amacandelo oshishino.
Iimathiriyeli ekrwada yokuveliswa kwee-electrode zegraphite yi-petroleum coke, inaliti ye-coke kunye ne-coal tar pitch.

I-petroleum coke yimveliso eyomeleleyo enokutsha efunyenwe ngokufaka intsalela yamalahle kunye ne-petroleum pitch. Umbala umnyama kunye ne-porous, into ephambili yikhabhoni, kwaye umxholo womlotha uphantsi kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ungaphantsi kwe-0.5%. Ipetroleum coke yeyodidi lwekhabhoni eyenziwe lula. I-petroleum coke inoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa kwiikhemikhali kunye namashishini e-metallurgical. Yeyona nto iphambili ekrwada yokuvelisa iimveliso zegraphite eyenziweyo kunye neemveliso zekhabhoni zealuminium ye-electrolytic.

I-petroleum coke inokohlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: icoke eluhlaza kunye necoke ene-calcined ngokweqondo lobushushu bonyango. I-coke yangaphambili ye-petroleum efunyenwe ngokulibaziseka i-coking iqulethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziguquguqukayo, kwaye amandla omatshini aphantsi. I-coke e-calcined ifunyanwa ngokubala kwe-coke eluhlaza. Uninzi lweendawo zokucoca e-China zivelisa kuphela i-coke, kwaye imisebenzi ye-calcination iqhutyelwa kakhulu kwizityalo zekhabhoni.

I-petroleum coke inokohlulwa ibe yicoke yesulphur ephezulu (equlethe ngaphezu kwe-1.5% isulfure), icoke yesulphur ephakathi (equlethe i-0.5% -1.5% yesulfure), kunye necoke yesulfure ephantsi (equlethe ngaphantsi kwe-0.5% yesulfure). Ukuveliswa kwee-electrode zegraphite kunye nezinye iimveliso zegraphite ezenziweyo ziveliswa ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa icoke yesulphur ephantsi.

Inaliti ye-coke luhlobo lwe-coke ekumgangatho ophezulu ene-fibrous texture ecacileyo, i-coefficient yokwandisa i-thermal ephantsi kakhulu kunye ne-graphitization elula. Xa i-coke iphukile, inokwahlulwa ibe yimichilo emincinci ngokwendlela yokuthungwa (i-aspect ratio ngokubanzi ingaphezulu kwe-1.75). Isakhiwo se-anisotropic fibrous sinokujongwa phantsi kwe-microscope ye-polarizing, kwaye ngoko kuthiwa yi-coke yenaliti.

I-anisotropy ye-physico-mechanical properties ye-coke yenaliti ibonakala kakhulu. Inombane kunye ne-thermal conductivity ehambelana nolwalathiso olude lwe-axis ye-particle, kwaye i-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal iphantsi. Xa i-extrusion ibumba, i-axis ende yeengqungquthela ezininzi zicwangciswe kwi-extrusion direction direction. Ke ngoko, inaliti ye-coke yeyona nto iphambili yemathiriyeli ekrwada yokwenza amandla aphezulu okanye i-electrode yegraphite yamandla aphezulu. I-electrode yegraphite eveliswayo ine-resistivity ephantsi, i-coefficient encinci yokwandisa i-thermal kunye nokuchasana kakuhle kwe-thermal shock.

Inaliti ye-coke yohlulwe kwi-oyile-based coke yenaliti eveliswe kwintsalela yepetroleum kunye ne-coke yenaliti esekwe ngamalahle eveliswe kwizinto ezicokisiweyo zokugalela amalahle.

Itela yamalahle yenye yeemveliso eziphambili zokusetyenzwa nzulu kwetela yamalahle. Ingumxube wee-hydrocarbons ezahlukeneyo, ezimnyama kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, i-semi-solid okanye iqinile kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, akukho ndawo yokunyibilika esisigxina, ithambile emva kokufudumeza, kwaye iyancibilika, kunye nobuninzi be-1.25-1.35 g / cm3. Ngokwendawo yayo yokuthambisa, yahlulwe kubushushu obuphantsi, ubushushu obuphakathi kunye nobushushu obuphezulu be-asphalt. Ubushushu obuphakathi isivuno se asphalt yi 54-56% yetela yamalahle. Ukubunjwa kwe-tar yamalahle kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ehambelana neepropati ze-tar yamalahle kunye nomxholo we-heteroatoms, kwaye iphinda ichaphazeleke kwinkqubo ye-coking kunye neemeko zokucutshungulwa kwe-tar yamalahle. Zininzi izalathi ezibonisa ukuthambeka kwetha yamalahle, njengendawo yokuthambisa ibhitumene, i-toluene enganyibilikiyo (TI), i-quinoline insolubles (QI), amaxabiso e-coking, kunye ne-rheology ye-coal pitch rheology.

I-tar yamalahle isetyenziswe njenge-binder kunye ne-impregnant kwishishini lekhabhoni, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kunempembelelo enkulu kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yeemveliso zekhabhoni. I-asphalt ye-binder ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa i-asphalt elungisiweyo ye-medium-temperature okanye i-medium-temperature modified point ene-moderate softening point, i-coking value ephezulu, kunye ne-β resin ephezulu. I-ejenti yokumitha i-asphalt yobushushu ephakathi enendawo yokuthambisa ephantsi, i-QI ephantsi, kunye neempawu ezintle ze-rheological.

Lo mfanekiso ulandelayo ubonisa inkqubo yokuvelisa i-graphite electrode kwishishini lekhabhoni.
Ukubala: I-carbonaceous ekrwada iphathwa ngubushushu kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu ukukhupha ukufuma kunye nomcimbi oguquguqukayo oqulethwe kuwo, kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa ehambelana nokuphuculwa kwentsebenzo yokuqala yokupheka kuthiwa yi-calcination. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-carbonaceous raw material ibalwa ngokusebenzisa igesi kunye neenguqu zayo njengomthombo wokushisa, kwaye ubushushu obukhulu yi-1250-1350 ° C.

I-calcination yenza utshintsho olunzulu kwisakhiwo kunye neempawu ze-physicochemical ze-carbonaceous ekrwada, ngokukodwa ekuphuculeni ukuxinana, amandla omatshini kunye nokuguquguquka kombane we-coke, ukuphucula ukuzinza kweekhemikhali kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation ye-coke, ukubeka isiseko senkqubo elandelayo. .

Izixhobo zokubala zibandakanya i-tank calciner, i-rotary kiln kunye ne-calciner yombane. Isalathisi solawulo lomgangatho wokubala kukuba ubuninzi bokwenene be-petroleum coke ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-2.07g / cm3, i-resistivity ayikho ngaphezu kwe-550μΩ.m, ubuninzi bokwenene benaliti ye-coke ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-2.12g / cm3, kwaye resistivity ayikho ngaphezu 500μΩ.m.
Ukutyunyuzwa kwezinto ezikrwada kunye nezithako

Phambi kokudibanisa, isambuku sepetroleum coke kunye nenaliti yecoke kufuneka icolwe, icolwe, ihluzwe.

Ukutyunyuzwa okuphakathi ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhutyelwa ngezixhobo zokutyumza malunga ne-50 mm nge-crusher yomhlathi, i-hammer crusher, i-roll crusher kunye nokunye okufana nokutyumza ubungakanani be-0.5-20 mm impahla efunekayo kwi-batching.

Ukugaya yinkqubo yokugaya imathiriyeli yekhabhoni ukuya kwisuntswana elingumgubo elingu-0.15 mm okanye ngaphantsi kunye nesuntswana lobukhulu obuyi-0.075 mm okanye ngaphantsi ngendlela yokusila i-suspension-type ring roll (i-Raymond mill), ilitye lokusila, okanye into enjalo. .

Ukuhlolwa yinkqubo apho uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo emva kokutyumzwa luhlulwe kwiintlobo ezininzi zobungakanani beentlobo ezinobungakanani obunobungakanani obuncinci ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezihlunu ezinokuvulwa okufanayo. Ukuveliswa kwe-electrode yangoku ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna i-4-5 pellets kunye ne-1-2 amabakala e powder.

Izithako ziinkqubo zemveliso yokubala, ukulinganisa kunye nokugxila kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zee-aggregates kunye nomgubo kunye nezibophelelo ngokweemfuno zokuqulunqwa. Ukufaneleka kwezenzululwazi kokuqulunqwa kunye nokuzinza kwe-batching operation ziphakathi kwezinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela isalathisi somgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso.

Ifomula kufuneka imisele imiba emi-5:
1Khetha uhlobo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada;
2 misela umlinganiselo weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli ekrwada;
3 ukugqiba ubungakanani besuntswana lokwakheka kwemathiriyeli ekrwada eyomeleleyo;
4 misela inani le-binder;
5 Qinisekisa uhlobo kunye nobungakanani bezongezo.

Ukuxova: Ukuxuba kunye nokulinganisa ubungakanani bamasuntswana ahlukeneyo amasuntswana amasuntswana ekhabhoni kunye nomgubo onesixa esithile sebhinda kubushushu obuthile, kunye nokuxova intlama yeplastiki ibe yinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba kukuxova.

Inkqubo yokuxova: ukuxuba okomileyo (20-35 min) ukuxuba okumanzi (40-55 min)

Indima yokuxova:
I-1 Xa ukuxuba okomileyo, izinto ezahlukeneyo eziluhlaza zixutywe ngokufanayo, kunye nezixhobo eziqinileyo zekhabhoni ezinobungakanani obuhlukeneyo zixutywe ngokulinganayo kwaye zizaliswe ukuphucula ukudibanisa komxube;
2 Emva kokongeza itela yetela, izinto ezomileyo kunye ne-asphalt zixutywe ngokufanayo. I-asphalt yolwelo inxiba ngokulinganayo kwaye imanzisa umphezulu wegranules ukwenza umaleko we-asphalt bonding layer, kwaye zonke izinto zidityaniswe omnye komnye ukuze zenze i-homogeneous plastic smear. Ivumela ukubumba;
Iingxenye ezi-3 zetha yetela zingena kwindawo yangaphakathi yezinto zekhabhoni, zinyusa ngakumbi ukuxinana kunye nokudityaniswa kwencama.

Ukubumba: Ukubunjwa kwezinto zekhabhoni kubhekiselele kwinkqubo yokuguqulwa kweplastiki i-coneaded carbon paste phantsi kwamandla angaphandle asetyenziswe yizixhobo zokubumba ukuze ekugqibeleni wenze umzimba oluhlaza (okanye imveliso eluhlaza) enemilo ethile, ubukhulu, ubuninzi kunye namandla. inkqubo.

Iintlobo zokubumba, izixhobo kunye neemveliso eziveliswayo:
Indlela yokubumba
Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo
iimveliso eziphambili
Ukubumba
Ucinezelo lwehydraulic oluthe nkqo
Ikhabhoni yombane, igraphite yomgangatho ophantsi
Cwitsa
I-horizontal hydraulic extruder
Screw extruder
I-electrode yegraphite, i-electrode yesikwere
Ukubumba ukungcangcazela
Umatshini wokubumba wokungcangcazela
Isitena se-Aluminiyam yekhabhoni, isitena sekhabhoni esiqhumayo
Ukucinezela isostatic
Umatshini wokubumba we-Isostatic
Igraphite ye-Isotropic, i-anisotropic graphite

Umsebenzi wokucudisa
Izinto ezi-1 ezipholileyo: imathiriyeli yokupholisa idiskhi, imathiriyeli yokupholisa isilinda, ukuxuba kunye nokuxova izinto zokupholisa, njl.
Ukukhupha i-volatiles, ukunciphisa ukushisa okufanelekileyo (90-120 ° C) ukunyusa ukunamathela, ukwenzela ukuba i-blockiness ye-paste ifane ne-20-30 min.
2 Iyalayisha: cinezela i-baffle yokunyusa —– 2-3 amaxesha okusika—-4-10MPa ukucutha
I-3 yoxinzelelo lwangaphambili: uxinzelelo lwe-20-25MPa, ixesha le-3-5min, ngelixa utshayela
I-4 extrusion: cinezela i-baffle —5-15MPa extrusion — cut — kwisinki yokupholisa

Iiparamitha zobuchwephesha be-extrusion: umlinganiselo woxinzelelo, igumbi lokucinezela kunye nobushushu bombhobho, ubushushu bokupholisa, ixesha loxinzelelo lokulayishwa kwangaphambili, uxinzelelo lwe-extrusion, isantya se-extrusion, ubushushu bamanzi okupholisa.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba ohlaza: ubuninzi bobuninzi, ukubonakala kwembonakalo, uhlalutyo

Ukubala: Yinkqubo apho imveliso yekhabhoni imveliso eluhlaza izaliswe kwisithando sokufudumala esilungiselelwe ngokukhethekileyo phantsi kokhuseleko lomhluzi ukwenza unyango lobushushu obuphezulu kwi-carbonize i-pitch yamalahle kumzimba oluhlaza. I-coke ye-bitumen eyenziwe emva kwe-carbonization ye-bitumen yamalahle iqinisa i-carbonaceous aggregate kunye ne-powder particles kunye, kunye nemveliso ye-carbon calcined inamandla amakhulu omatshini, umbane ophantsi wokumelana nombane, ukuzinza okuhle kwe-thermal kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali. .

Ukubala yenye yeenkqubo eziphambili ekuvelisweni kweemveliso zekhabhoni, kwaye ikwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeenkqubo ezintathu zokunyanga ubushushu bokuvelisa i-graphite electrode. Umjikelezo wokuvelisa i-calcination ude (iintsuku ezingama-22-30 zokubhaka, iintsuku ezingama-5-20 kwii-furnaces ze-2 yokubhaka), kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuPhezulu. Umgangatho wokugcoba okuluhlaza kunempembelelo kumgangatho wemveliso egqityiweyo kunye neendleko zokuvelisa.

Umbala wamalahle ohlaza kumzimba oluhlaza uphekwe ngexesha lokutshisa, kwaye malunga ne-10% yento eguquguqukayo ikhutshwe, kwaye umthamo uveliswa ngu-2-3% we-shrinkage, kwaye ukulahleka kobunzima ku-8-10%. Iimpawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zekhabhoni billet nazo zatshintsha kakhulu. I-porosity yehla ukusuka kwi-1.70 g / cm3 ukuya kwi-1.60 g / cm3 kwaye ukuxhathisa kwehle ukusuka kwi-10000 μΩ · m ukuya kwi-40-50 μΩ·m ngenxa yokunyuka kwe-porosity. Amandla omatshini we-billet calcined nawo ayemakhulu. Ukuphucula.

Ukubhaka okwesibini yinkqubo apho imveliso ye-calcined ibhaptizwa kwaye emva koko i-calcined ukuze i-carbonize i-pitch ifakwe kwii-pores zemveliso ye-calcined. Ii-electrodes ezifuna ubuninzi bobuninzi (zonke iintlobo ngaphandle kwe-RP) kunye neendawo ezingenanto ezidibeneyo kufuneka zifakwe kwi-bibaked, kwaye iindawo ezingenanto ezidibeneyo zixhomekeke kwi-dip-dip four-bake okanye i-dip-dip three-bake.

Uhlobo oluphambili lwesithando somlilo:
Umsebenzi oqhubekayo--isithando somlilo (enesigqubuthelo, ngaphandle kwekhava), i-tunnel kiln
Ukusebenza okungephi—-reverse kiln, under-floor-floor roaster, box roaster

Ijiko lokubala kunye nobushushu obuninzi:
Ukuqhotsa okwexesha elinye—-320, 360, 422, 480 iiyure, 1250 °C
Ukuqhotsa okwesibini—-125, 240, 280 iiyure, 700-800 °C

Ukuhlolwa kweemveliso ezibhakiweyo: ukucofa imbonakalo, ukumelana nombane, ubuninzi bobuninzi, amandla acinezelayo, uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo sangaphakathi.

I-impregnation yinkqubo apho i-carbon material ifakwe kwisitya soxinzelelo kunye ne-liquid impregnant pitch ifakwe kwi-pores ye-electrode yemveliso phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokushisa kunye noxinzelelo. Injongo kukunciphisa i-porosity yemveliso, ukwandisa ubuninzi bobuninzi kunye namandla omatshini wemveliso, kunye nokuphucula umbane kunye ne-thermal conductivity yemveliso.

Inkqubo yofakelo kunye neeparitha zobugcisa ezinxulumene nazo zezi: i-billet yokuqhotsa - ukucocwa komphezulu - ukufudumeza (260-380 °C, iiyure eziyi-6-10) - ukulayisha itanki yokufakelwa - ukucoca (8-9KPa, 40-50min) - Isitofu sebhitumene (180) -200 °C) – Uxinzelelo (1.2-1.5 MPa, 3-4 iiyure) – Buyela kwi-asphalt – Ukupholisa (ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwetanki)

Ukuhlolwa kweemveliso ezithotyiweyo: izinga lokunyuswa kobunzima bokukhulelwa G=(W2-W1)/W1×100%
Umyinge omnye wokudipha wokufumana ubunzima ≥14%
Imveliso efakelwe inqanaba lesibini lokufumana ubunzima ≥ 9%
Iimveliso ezintathu zokudipha ubunzima ≥ 5%

I-Graphitization ibhekiselele kwinkqubo yonyango lobushushu obuphezulu apho imveliso yekhabhoni ifudunyezwa kubushushu be-2300 ° C okanye ngaphezulu kwindawo ekhuselayo kwiziko lombane lobushushu obuphezulu ukuguqula i-amorphous layered structure ikhabhoni ibe yi-dimensional ordered. isakhiwo sekristale yegraphite.

Injongo kunye nefuthe legraphitization:
I-1 iphucula i-conductivity kunye ne-thermal conductivity ye-carbon material (i-resistivity iyancitshiswa ngamaxesha angama-4-5, kwaye i-thermal conductivity yanda malunga namaxesha angama-10);
I-2 iphucula ukuxhathisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-thermal kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali zezinto zekhabhoni (i-coefficient yokwandisa i-linear iyancipha nge-50-80%);
I-3 ukwenza i-carbon material lubricity kunye nokumelana no-abrasion;
4 Ukukhupha ukungcola, ukuphucula ukucoceka kwezinto zekhabhoni (umxholo womlotha wemveliso uyancipha ukusuka kwi-0.5-0.8% ukuya kwi-0.3%).

Ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yegraphitization:

I-graphitization yezinto zekhabhoni iqhutyelwa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu le-2300-3000 ° C, ngoko inokuqondwa kuphela ngokufudumeza kombane kwishishini, oko kukuthi, okwangoku kudlula ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso evuthayo ye-calcined, kunye nemveliso ye-calcined ehlawuliswayo. kwisithando somlilo senziwa ngumsinga wombane kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. I-conductor iphinda ibe yinto eshushu kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.

Amaziko asetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngoku aquka i-Acheson graphitization furnaces kunye ne-internal heat cascade (LWG) . Eyangaphambili inemveliso enkulu, umahluko omkhulu wobushushu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu. Le yokugqibela inexesha elifutshane lokufudumeza, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ukumelana nombane ofanayo, kwaye ayifanelekanga ukufaneleka.

Ukulawulwa kwenkqubo ye-graphitization ilawulwa ngokulinganisa i-curve yamandla ombane efanelekileyo kwimeko yokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa. Ixesha lonikezelo lwamandla luyi-50-80 iiyure ze-Acheson furnace kunye ne-9-15 iiyure zesithando somlilo se-LWG.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-graphitization kukhulu kakhulu, ngokubanzi i-3200-4800KWh, kwaye inkqubo yeendleko ze-akhawunti malunga ne-20-35% yeendleko zemveliso zizonke.

Ukuhlolwa kweemveliso zegraphiti: ukucofa ukubonakala, uvavanyo lokumelana

Ukucutshungulwa: Injongo yomatshini we-carbon graphite materials kukufezekisa ubungakanani obufunekayo, imilo, ukuchaneka, njl njl ngokusika ukwenza umzimba we-electrode kunye namalungu ngokuhambelana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa.

Ukusetyenzwa kwe-electrode yegraphite kwahlulwe kwiinkqubo ezimbini ezizimeleyo zokusetyenzwa: umzimba we-electrode kunye nokudibanisa.

Ukusetyenzwa komzimba kubandakanya amanyathelo amathathu obuso obukruqulayo kunye noburhabaxa besiphelo sobuso, isangqa sangaphandle kunye nesiphelo esisicaba sobuso kunye nomsonto wokusila. Ukusetyenzwa komdibaniso we-conical kunokohlulwa ngokweenkqubo ezi-6: ukusika, ubuso besiphelo esisicaba, ubuso bekhowuni yemoto, intambo yokusila, ibholithi yokubhoboza kunye ne-slotting.

Ukudityaniswa kwamalungu e-electrode: uxhulumaniso lwe-conical joint (i-buckles ezintathu kunye ne-buckle enye), uxhumano lwe-cylindrical joint, uxhumano lwe-bump (uxhumo lwendoda kunye nowesifazane)

Ukulawula ukuchaneka kwe-machining: ukutenxa kwintambo ye-taper, i-thread pitch, i-joint (umngxuma) ukutenxa ububanzi obukhulu, i-joint hole coaxiality, i-joint hole verticality, i-electrode end flatness face, i-joint four-point deviation. Jonga ngeegeyiji zeringi ezikhethekileyo kunye neegeyiji zepleyiti.

Ukuhlolwa kwee-electrode ezigqityiweyo: ukuchaneka, ubunzima, ubude, ububanzi, ubuninzi bobuninzi, ukunyamezela, ukunyamezela kwangaphambili, njl.