Sizisebenzisa ukukunika amava angcono. Ukuba uyaqhubeka usebenzisa iwebhusayithi yethu, siya kucinga ukuba uyakuvuyela ukufumana zonke iikuki ezikule webhusayithi.
Inkampani yeoli yase-Italiya i-Eni ityala imali eyi-50 yezigidi zeedola kwi-Commonwealth Fusion Systems, i-MIT spinout esebenzisana neziko ekuphuhliseni imagnethi e-superconducting ukuvelisa amandla e-zero-carbon kuvavanyo lwamandla okudibanisa okubizwa ngokuba yi-SPARC. UJulian Turner ufumana i-lowdown kwi-CEO uRobert Mumgaard.
Ngaphakathi kweeholo ezingcwele zaseMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) uguquko lwamandla luyenzeka. Emva kwamashumi eminyaka enkqubela phambili, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba amandla okudibanisa asele ekulungele ukubanga usuku lwayo kwaye ingcwele yegrail yamandla angenasiphelo, angatshayo, i-zero-carbon amandla anokufikelela.
I-Italian energy giant Eni yabelana ngeli themba, ityala imali ye-50m (i-$ 62m) kwiprojekthi yentsebenziswano kunye ne-MIT's Plasma Fusion and Science Centre (PSFC) kunye nenkampani yabucala ye-Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), ejolise ekulandeleni ngokukhawuleza amandla okudibanisa kwigridi. kwiminyaka nje eli-15.
Ukulawula ukudibanisa, inkqubo enika amandla ilanga kunye neenkwenkwezi, igxininiswe yingxaki endala: ngelixa umkhuba ukhupha amandla amaninzi, unokwenziwa kuphela kumaqondo obushushu ezigidi ze-Celsius, kushushu kunombindi weqondo lokushisa. ilanga, kwaye kushushu kakhulu ukuba nayiphi na into eqinileyo ingakwazi ukunyamezela.
Njengomceli mngeni wokuvalelwa kwezibaso ezidityanisiweyo kwezi meko zinzima kakhulu, umfuniselo wamandla odityanisiweyo, kude kube ngoku, uqhuba intsilelo, uvelisa amandla anganeno kunalawo afunekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukusabela kokudityaniswa, kwaye ke ngoko abakwazi ukuvelisela umbane. igridi.
Ingqonyela yeCFS uRobert Mumgaard ithi: “Uphando lwe-Fusion luye lwahlolisiswa ngokubanzi kumashumi eminyaka adluleyo, nto leyo ebangele ukuhambela phambili kokuqonda kwenzululwazi nobugcisa bokudibanisa amandla,” utsho njalo ingqonyela yeCFS uRobert Mumgaard.
“I-CFS irhweba ngokudityaniswa kusetyenziswa indlela ekwibala eliphakamileyo, apho siphuhlisa oomazibuthe bakwibala eliphakamileyo ukwenza izixhobo ezincinci zokudibanisa sisebenzisa indlela efanayo yefiziksi njengeenkqubo ezinkulu zikarhulumente. Ukwenza oku, iCFS isebenza ngokusondeleyo neMIT kwiprojekthi yentsebenziswano, iqala ngokuphuhlisa imagnethi entsha. "
Isixhobo se-SPARC sisebenzisa imagnethi enamandla ukuze sibambe iplasma eshushu - isuphu yegesi yamasuntswana angaphantsi kwe-subatomic - ukuthintela ukuba idibane nayo nayiphi na indawo yegumbi lokucoca elimile okwe-donut.
"Umngeni oyintloko kukwenza iplasma kwiimeko zokudibanisa ukuba kwenzeke ukuze kuvelise amandla amaninzi kunokuba kudla," kuchaza uMumgaard. "Oku kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwindawo engaphantsi kwefiziksi eyaziwa ngokuba yi-plasma physics."
Lo mfuniselo we-compact wenzelwe ukuvelisa malunga ne-100MW yobushushu kwi-pulses yemizuzwana elishumi, amandla amaninzi njengoko asetyenziswa sisixeko esincinci. Kodwa, njengoko i-SPAR iluvavanyo, ayizukubandakanya iinkqubo zokuguqula amandla okudibanisa abe ngumbane.
Iingcali zenzululwazi kwi-MIT zilindele ukuba imveliso ibe ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini amandla asetyenziselwa ukufudumeza iplasma, ekugqibeleni ifezekise eyona nto ibalulekileyo yobugcisa: amandla afanelekileyo avela kwi-fusion.
"Ukudibanisa kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwiplasma egcinwe endaweni kwaye igqunywe kusetyenziswa imagnethi," utshilo uMumgaard. “Oku kufana nebhotile yemagnethi. Amandla omhlaba wemagnethi anxulumene kakhulu namandla ebhotile yemagnethi ukugquma iplasma ukuze ifikelele kwiimeko zokudityaniswa.
Ke, ukuba sinokwenza iimagnethi ezinamandla sinokwenza iiplasma ezinokutshisa kwaye zixinene sisebenzisa amandla amancinci ukuzigcina. Kwaye ngeeplasma ezingcono sinokwenza izixhobo zibe zincinci kwaye zilawuleke ngakumbi ukwakha nokuphuhlisa.
“Ngee-superconductors ezinobushushu obuphezulu, sinesixhobo esitsha sokwenza amandla amakhulu kakhulu emagnethi, kwaye ke iibhotile zemagnethi ezingcono nezincinci. Sikholelwa ukuba oku kuya kusenza sidibane ngokukhawuleza. ”
I-Mumgaard ibhekiselele kwisizukulwana esitsha se-electromagnets enkulu ene-superconducting electromagnets enamandla okuvelisa imagnethi ephindwe kabini eyomeleleyo kunaleyo iqeshwe kulo naluphi na uvavanyo lwe-fusion olukhoyo, oluvumela ukwanda okuphindwe kalishumi kumandla ngokobungakanani.
Yenziwe ngeteyiphu yentsimbi eqatywe ngekhompawundi ebizwa ngokuba yi-yttrium-barium-copper oxide (YBCO), iimagnethi ezintsha ze-superconducting ziya kwenza ukuba i-SPARC ivelise umbane odityanisiweyo malunga nesihlanu se-ITER kodwa kwisixhobo esimalunga ne-1/65 kuphela. umthamo.
Ngokunciphisa ubungakanani, iindleko, umda wexesha kunye nokuntsonkotha kombutho okufunekayo ukwakha izixhobo zamandla ezidityanisiweyo, iimagnethi zeYBCO ziya kwenza iindlela ezintsha zemfundo kunye nezorhwebo, ukudibanisa amandla.
"I-SPARC kunye ne-ITER zombini i-tokamaks, uhlobo oluthile lwebhotile yamagnetic esekelwe kwisayensi ebanzi yophuhliso lwe-physics ye-plasma kwiminyaka emashumi," uMumgaard uyacacisa.
"I-SPARC iya kusebenzisa isizukulwana esilandelayo semagnethi ephezulu yobushushu bobushushu obuphezulu (HTS) evumela indawo ephezulu kakhulu yemagnethi, enika ukusebenza okujoliswe kuko kokudibanisa kubungakanani obuncinci kakhulu.
"Sikholelwa ukuba le iya kuba licandelo eliphambili ekufezekiseni ukudibanisa kwixesha elihambelana nemozulu kunye nemveliso enomtsalane kwezoqoqosho."
Kwimixholo yamaxesha kunye nokusebenza kwezorhwebo, i-SPARC yinguquko yoyilo lwetokamak oluye lwafundwa lwaza lwacocwa amashumi eminyaka, kubandakanywa nomsebenzi eMIT owaqala ngeminyaka yoo-1970.
Uvavanyo lwe-SPRC lujolise ekuvuleni indlela yesixhobo sombane sokuqala esidityanisiweyo sombane esinomthamo omalunga nama-200MW ombane, xa sithelekiswa neso samashishini ombane orhwebo amaninzi.
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo axhaphakileyo malunga namandla okudibanisa - u-Eni unombono ojonge phambili wokuba yinkampani yeoli yokuqala yehlabathi ukuba ityale imali eninzi kuyo - abameli bakholelwa ukuba obu buchule bunokuhlangabezana nenxalenye enkulu yeemfuno zamandla ezikhulayo zehlabathi, ngelixa kwangaxeshanye besika. ukukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse.
Isikali esincinci esinikwe amandla ziimagnethi ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla ukwenza indlela ekhawulezayo, enexabiso eliphantsi ukuya kumbane ukusuka kumandla okudibanisa kwigridi.
I-Eni iqikelela ukuba iya kuxabisa i-3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukuphuhlisa i-200MW fusion reactor ngo-2033. -uvavanyo olushushu lwe-plasma ngo-2025 kunye ne-fusion yokuqala yamandla apheleleyo ngo-2035, kwaye inohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olujikeleze i-20bn. Njengakwa-SPRC, i-ITER yenzelwe ukuba ingavelisi mbane.
Ngoko ke, kunye negridi yase-US isuka kude kwi-monolithic 2GW-3GW yamalahle okanye amaziko ombane e-fission ukuya kwezo zikuluhlu lwe-100MW-500MW, ingaba amandla okudibanisa akhuphisane kwindawo yemarike enzima - kwaye, ukuba kunjalo, nini?
“Kusekho uphando olwenziwayo, kodwa imingeni iyaziwa, inguqulelo entsha yalatha indlela yokukhawulezisa izinto, abadlali abatsha abafana neCFS bazisa ujoliso lwezorhwebo kwiingxaki kwaye inzululwazi esisiseko ivuthiwe,” utshilo uMumgaard.
"Sikholelwa ukuba ukudibanisa kusondele kunokuba abantu abaninzi becinga. Hla umamele." jQuery( uxwebhu ).ready(function () { /* Companies carousel */ jQuery('.carousel').slick({ amachaphaza: yinyaniso, engenasiphelo: yinyaniso, isantya: 300, lazyLoad: 'ondemand', slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: 1, adaptiveHeight: true }});
I-DAMM Cellular Systems A/S yenye yeenkokeli zehlabathi ezithembekileyo, ezihexayo nezinokuhlaziywa lula iTerrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano zikanomathotholo wedijithali (DMR) kumashishini, urhwebo kunye nokhuseleko loluntu abathengi.
I-DAMM TetraFlex Dispatcher inikezela ngokunyuka kokusebenza kakuhle kwimibutho, iqhuba iqela lababhalisi abafuna umyalelo wonxibelelwano lwerediyo, ulawulo kunye nokubeka iliso.
I-DAMM ye-TetraFlex Voice kunye neNkqubo yokuLondoloza kweDatha inikezela ngemisebenzi ebanzi kunye nechanekileyo yokurekhoda kwezwi kunye nedatha, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zokungena kwi-CDR.
Green Tape Solutions ngumcebisi wase-Australia, okhethekileyo kuvavanyo lokusingqongileyo, ukuvunywa kunye nophicotho, kunye novavanyo lwendalo.
Xa ujonge ukuphucula ukusebenza kwesityalo sakho samandla kunye nokuthembeka, uya kufuna amava afanelekileyo okulinganisa ukuze ufike apho. Enye inkampani izinikezele ekuveliseni izifanisi zeplanti yombane eziqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bakho banolwazi olufunekayo ukuze usebenze ngokukhuselekileyo nangobuchule kwiziko lakho lamandla.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-18-2019