Usoro semiconductor zuru usoro nke fotolithography

Imepụta ngwaahịa semiconductor ọ bụla chọrọ ọtụtụ narị usoro. Anyị na-ekewa usoro nrụpụta dum n'ime usoro asatọ:wafernhazi-oxidation-photolithography-etching-thin film deposition-epitaxial growth-disfusion-ion implantation.
Iji nyere gị aka ịghọta na-aghọta semiconductor na yiri usoro, anyị ga inupụ WeChat isiokwu na nke ọ bụla nke iwebata onye ọ bụla nke n'elu nzọụkwụ otu otu.
N'isiokwu gara aga, e kwuru na iji chebe ndịwafersite na adịghị ọcha dị iche iche, e mere ihe nkiri oxide - usoro oxidation. Taa, anyị ga-atụle "usoro fotolithography" nke ịse foto sekit imewe semiconductor na wafer na ihe nkiri oxide guzobere.

 

Usoro fotolithography

 

1. Gịnị bụ photolithography usoro

Fotolithography bụ ime sekit na mpaghara arụ ọrụ achọrọ maka mmepụta mgbawa.
A na-eji ọkụ na-enwu site na igwe fotolithography iji kpughee ihe nkiri dị mkpa nke ejiri foto resisist kpuchie ya site na nkpuchi nwere ụkpụrụ. Onye na-ese foto ga-agbanwe ihe onwunwe ya mgbe ọ hụchara ìhè ahụ, nke mere na a na-edepụta ụkpụrụ dị na nkpuchi ahụ na ihe nkiri ahụ dị mkpa, nke mere na ihe nkiri ahụ dị mkpa nwere ọrụ nke eserese eletriki eletrik. Nke a bụ ọrụ fotolithography, dị ka iji igwefoto were foto were. A na-ebipụta foto ndị igwefoto na-ese na fim ahụ, ebe fotolithography adịghị akọwa foto, kama eserese sekit na ihe ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka kọmputa.

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Photolithography bụ teknụzụ micro-machining ziri ezi

Photolithography conventional bụ usoro nke na-eji ọkụ ultraviolet nwere ogologo ogologo nke 2000 ruo 4500 angstroms dị ka onye na-ebu ihe onyonyo onyonyo, ma na-eji fotoresist dị ka etiti (ihe ndekọ onyonyo) iji nweta mgbanwe, ịnyefe na nhazi nke eserese, ma mesịa bufee onyonyo a. ozi na mgbawa (karịsịa silicon mgbawa) ma ọ bụ dielectric oyi akwa.
Enwere ike ikwu na fotolithography bụ ntọala nke semiconductor ọgbara ọhụrụ, microelectronics, na ụlọ ọrụ ozi, na fotolithography na-ekpebi kpọmkwem ọkwa mmepe nke teknụzụ ndị a.
N'ime ihe karịrị afọ 60 kemgbe e mepụtara sekit agbakwunyere nke ọma na 1959, ebelatala obosara ahịrị nke eserese ya site n'ihe dị ka usoro ịdị ukwuu anọ, na ntinye nke sekit ejirila ihe karịrị usoro isii mee ka ọ dịkwuo mma. Ọganihu ngwa ngwa nke teknụzụ ndị a bụ nke sitere na mmepe nke fotolithography.

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(Ihe achọrọ maka teknụzụ fotolithography na ọkwa dị iche iche nke mmepe nke nrụpụta sekit agbakwunyere)

 

2. Ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke fotolithography

Ihe ndị na-ese foto n'ozuzu na-ezo aka na ndị na-ese foto, nke a makwaara dị ka photoresists, nke bụ ihe kachasị mkpa na-arụ ọrụ na fotolithography. Ụdị ihe a nwere àgwà nke ìhè (gụnyere ìhè a na-ahụ anya, ìhè ultraviolet, beam electron, wdg) mmeghachi omume. Mgbe mmeghachi omume photochemical gasịrị, solubility ya na-agbanwe nke ukwuu.
N'ime ha, solubility nke ezigbo photoresist na onye mmepụta na-abawanye, na ụkpụrụ enwetara bụ otu ihe ahụ nkpuchi; photoresist na-adịghị mma bụ ihe dị iche, ya bụ, solubility na-ebelata ma ọ bụ ọbụna na-aghọ ihe na-adịghị edozi ahụ mgbe ekpughere ya na onye mmepụta, na ụkpụrụ enwetara na-emegide ihe mkpuchi ahụ. Mpaghara ngwa ngwa nke ụdị abụọ nke photoresists dị iche. A na-ejikarị photoresist dị mma, na-aza ihe karịrị 80% nke mkpokọta.

图片 (3)Ihe dị n'elu bụ schematic eserese nke usoro fotolithography

 

(1) gluing:

Ya bụ, na-akpụ a photoresist film na edo ọkpụrụkpụ, ike adhesion na enweghị ntụpọ na silicon wafer. Iji mee ka njikọ dị n'etiti ihe nkiri fotoresist na silicon wafer, ọ na-adịkarị mkpa iji ihe ndị dị ka hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) na trimethylsilyldiethylamine (TMSDEA) gbanwee elu elu nke silicon wafer. Mgbe ahụ, a na-akwadebe ihe nkiri fotoresis site na mkpuchi mkpuchi.

(2) Tupu ime achịcha:

Mgbe mkpuchi mkpuchi, ihe nkiri fotoresis ka nwere ụfọdụ ihe mgbaze. Mgbe ịsachara na okpomọkụ dị elu, enwere ike iwepụ ihe mgbaze dị ka o kwere mee. Mgbe emechara ihe, ọdịnaya nke photoresist na-ebelata ihe dịka 5%.

(3) Nkpughe:

Ya bụ, onye na-ese foto na-ekpughere ìhè. N'oge a, a photoreaction na-eme, na solubility dị iche n'etiti ìhè akụkụ na-abụghị ìhè na-apụta.

(4) Mmepe & ike ike:

A na-emikpu ngwaahịa a n'ime onye nrụpụta. N'oge a, ekpughere ebe ekpughere nke ọma photoresisist na ebe na-adịghị egosipụta nke fotoresis na-adịghị mma ga-agbaze na mmepe. Nke a na-egosi ụkpụrụ akụkụ atọ. Mgbe mmepe gasịrị, mgbawa ahụ chọrọ usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị elu ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri siri ike, nke na-eje ozi na-eme ka adhesion nke photoresist dịkwuo elu na mkpụrụ.

(5) Na-akpachapụ anya:

Ihe dị n'okpuru photoresist bụ etched. Ọ gụnyere mmiri mmiri etching na gaseous akọrọ etching. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka mmiri etching nke silicon, a na-eji ngwọta mmiri acidic nke hydrofluoric acid; maka mmiri etching nke ọla kọpa, a na-eji ngwọta acid siri ike dị ka nitric acid na sulfuric acid, ebe akọrọ etching na-ejikarị plasma ma ọ bụ ion ion ike dị elu na-emebi elu nke ihe ahụ ma wepụ ya.

(6) Na-ekwu:

N'ikpeazụ, ọ dị mkpa ka ewepụ fotoresist n'elu oghere ahụ. A na-akpọ nzọụkwụ a degumming.

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Nchekwa bụ ihe kacha mkpa na mmepụta semiconductor niile. Isi ihe dị ize ndụ na nke na-emerụ ahụ gas na usoro mgbawa lithography bụ ndị a:

 

1. Hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bụ oxidant siri ike. Mmekọahụ ozugbo nwere ike ime ka akpụkpọ ahụ na anya mbufụt na ọkụ.

 

2. Xylene

Xylene bụ ihe mgbaze na onye nrụpụta ejiri na lithography na-adịghị mma. Ọ na-ere ọkụ ma nwee obere okpomọkụ nke naanị 27.3 ℃ (ihe dị ka ụlọ okpomọkụ). Ọ na-agbawa agbawa mgbe itinye uche na ikuku bụ 1% -7%. Mmekọrịta ugboro ugboro na xylene nwere ike ibute mbufụt akpụkpọ. Uzuoku Xylene dị ụtọ, dị ka isi nke ụgbọ elu ụgbọ elu; ikpughe na xylene nwere ike ime ka mbufụt nke anya, imi na akpịrị. Ikuku gas nwere ike ime ka isi ọwụwa, dizziness, enweghị agụụ na ike ọgwụgwụ.

 

3. Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS)

A na-ejikarị Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) eme ihe dị ka oyi akwa primer iji mee ka adhesion nke photoresist dị n'elu ngwaahịa ahụ. Ọ na-ere ọkụ ma nwee ebe ọkụ nke 6.7°C. Ọ na-agbawa agbawa mgbe itinye uche na ikuku bụ 0.8% -16%. HMDS na-eji mmiri, mmanya na mineral eme ihe ike iji hapụ amonia.

 

4. Tetramethylammonium hydroxide

A na-eji Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka onye nrụpụta maka lithography dị mma. Ọ na-egbu egbu ma na-emebi emebi. Ọ nwere ike na-egbu egbu ma ọ bụrụ na iloro ya ma ọ bụ na ọ na-akpakọrịta kpọmkwem na akpụkpọ ahụ. Mmekọrịta na uzuzu ma ọ bụ alụlụ TMAH nwere ike ibute mbufụt nke anya, akpụkpọ ahụ, imi na akpịrị. Ikuku ume nke TMAH dị elu ga-eduga ọnwụ.

 

5. Chlorine na fluorine

Chlorine (Cl2) na fluorine (F2) na-eji ha abụọ na eximer lasers dị ka miri ultraviolet na oké ultraviolet (EUV) ìhè isi mmalite. Igwe ọkụ abụọ a na-egbu egbu, na-apụta ìhè akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ma nwee isi na-akpasu iwe. Inhalation nke nnukwu mkpokọta nke gas a ga-eduga ọnwụ. Fluorine gas nwere ike iji mmiri meghachi omume iji mepụta gas hydrogen fluoride. Hydrogen fluoride gas bụ acid siri ike nke na-akpasu akpụkpọ ahụ, anya na akụkụ iku ume ma nwee ike ịkpata mgbaàmà dịka ọkụ ọkụ na ike iku ume. Ọnụnọ nke fluoride dị elu nwere ike ịkpata nsị n'ahụ mmadụ, na-ebute mgbaàmà dị ka isi ọwụwa, vomiting, afọ ọsịsa, na coma.

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6. Argon

Argon (Ar) bụ gas inert nke na-adịghị ebutekarị mmerụ ahụ n'ahụ mmadụ. N'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, ikuku ndị mmadụ na-eku ume nwere ihe dịka 0.93% argon, na ntinye uche a enweghị mmetụta doro anya na ahụ mmadụ. Otú ọ dị, n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, argon nwere ike imerụ ahụ mmadụ.
Nke a bụ ụfọdụ ọnọdụ nwere ike ime: N'ime oghere a kpachiri anya, ntinye nke argon nwere ike ịba ụba, si otú a na-ebelata ikuku oxygen na ikuku ma na-akpata hypoxia. Nke a nwere ike ịkpata mgbaàmà dịka isi ọwụwa, ike ọgwụgwụ, na mkpụmkpụ ume. Na mgbakwunye, argon bụ gas inert, ma ọ nwere ike ịgbawa n'okpuru nnukwu okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ nrụgide dị elu.

 

7. Neon

Neon (Ne) bụ ikuku kwụsiri ike, nke na-enweghị agba na enweghị isi nke na-adịghị etinye aka na gas neon adịghị etinye aka na usoro iku ume mmadụ, ya mere iku ume na nnukwu ikuku neon ga-eme ka hypoxia. Ọ bụrụ na ị nọ n'ọnọdụ hypoxia ruo ogologo oge, ị nwere ike ịnweta mgbaàmà dịka isi ọwụwa, ọgbụgbọ, na vomiting. Na mgbakwunye, gas neon nwere ike imeghachi omume na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'okpuru oke okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ nrụgide dị elu iji mee ka ọkụ ma ọ bụ mgbawa.

 

8. Xenon gas

Xenon gas (Xe) bụ gas kwụsiri ike, nke na-enweghị agba na enweghị isi nke na-adịghị etinye aka na usoro iku ume mmadụ, ya mere iku ume dị elu nke gas xenon ga-akpata hypoxia. Ọ bụrụ na ị nọ n'ọnọdụ hypoxia ruo ogologo oge, ị nwere ike ịnweta mgbaàmà dịka isi ọwụwa, ọgbụgbọ, na vomiting. Na mgbakwunye, gas neon nwere ike imeghachi omume na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'okpuru oke okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ nrụgide dị elu iji mee ka ọkụ ma ọ bụ mgbawa.

 

9. Krypton gas

Krypton gas (Kr) bụ gas kwụsiri ike, enweghị agba na enweghị isi nke na-adịghị eso na usoro iku ume mmadụ, yabụ iku ume na nnukwu ikuku krypton ga-ebute hypoxia. Ọ bụrụ na ị nọ n'ọnọdụ hypoxia ruo ogologo oge, ị nwere ike ịnweta mgbaàmà dịka isi ọwụwa, ọgbụgbọ, na vomiting. Na mgbakwunye, gas xenon nwere ike meghachi omume na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'okpuru okpomọkụ dị elu ma ọ bụ nrụgide dị elu iji mee ka ọkụ ma ọ bụ mgbawa. Iku ume na gburugburu ebe ikuku oxygen nwere ike ịkpata hypoxia. Ọ bụrụ na ị nọ n'ọnọdụ hypoxia ruo ogologo oge, ị nwere ike ịnweta mgbaàmà dịka isi ọwụwa, ọgbụgbọ, na vomiting. Na mgbakwunye, krypton gas nwere ike imeghachi omume na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'okpuru oke okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ nrụgide dị elu iji mee ka ọkụ ma ọ bụ mgbawa.

 

Ihe ngwọta nchọpụta gas dị ize ndụ maka ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor

Ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor gụnyere mmepụta, nrụpụta, na usoro nke gas na-ere ọkụ, ihe mgbawa, na-egbu egbu na nke na-emerụ ahụ. Dị ka onye na-eji gas na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta semiconductor, onye ọ bụla na-arụ ọrụ kwesịrị ịghọta data nchekwa nke gas dị ize ndụ dị iche iche tupu ejiri ya, ma mara otú e si emeso usoro mberede mgbe ikuku ndị a na-agbapụta.
N'ime mmepụta, mmepụta na nchekwa nke ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor, iji zere ọnwụ nke ndụ na ihe onwunwe kpatara nkwụsị nke gas ndị a dị ize ndụ, ọ dị mkpa iji wụnye ngwá ọrụ nchọpụta gas iji chọpụta gas a na-eche.

Ndị na-achọpụta gas abụrụla ngwa nleba anya gburugburu ebe obibi dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor nke taa, ma bụrụkwa ngwa nleba anya nke ọma.
Riken Keiki na-eleba anya mgbe niile maka mmepe dị mma nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke semiconductor, na ebumnuche nke ịmepụta ebe obibi dị mma maka ndị mmadụ, ma tinye onwe ya n'ịzụlite ihe mmetụta gas dị mma maka ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor, na-enye ngwọta ezi uche maka nsogbu dị iche iche zutere site na. ndị ọrụ, na-aga n'ihu na-ebuli ọrụ ngwaahịa yana usoro kachasị mma.


Oge nzipu: Jul-16-2024
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