SPARC na-egbuke egbuke: ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị MIT nwere ike ime ka ike njikọta bụrụ eziokwu?

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Ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ Italiantali Eni na-etinye $ 50m na ​​Commonwealth Fusion Systems, MIT spinout nke na-arụkọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na mmepe nke nnukwu magnetik iji mepụta ike carbon carbon na nnwale ike nke a na-akpọ SPARC. Julian Turner nwetara ọdịda nke onye isi ala Robert Mumgaard.

N'ime ụlọ nzukọ dị nsọ nke Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) mgbanwe ike na-ewere ọnọdụ. Mgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ nke ọganihu gasịrị, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kwenyere na ike njikọ dị njikere n'ikpeazụ ịweta ụbọchị ya nakwa na ike dị nsọ nke enweghị njedebe, enweghị ọkụ, ike carbon-efu nwere ike iru.

Nnukwu ike Italytali Eni na-ekerịta nchekwube a, na-etinye € 50m ($ 62m) na mmekorita ya na MIT's Plasma Fusion and Science Center (PSFC) na ụlọ ọrụ nkeonwe Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), nke na-achọ iji ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa na grid. n'ihe dị ka afọ iri na ise.

Njikọ njikwa, usoro nke na-enye anyanwụ na kpakpando ike, na-akwụsị site na nsogbu ochie: ebe omume ahụ na-ewepụta ike dị ukwuu, ọ nwere ike ime ya na oke okpomọkụ nke nde degrees Celsius, dị ọkụ karịa etiti etiti. anwụ, na oke ọkụ maka ihe ọ bụla siri ike ịtachi obi.

N'ihi ihe ịma aka nke mkpochi nke fusion fuels na ndị a dị oke njọ, nnwale ike fusion nwere, ruo ugbu a, na-agba ọsọ na deficit, na-emepụta obere ume karịa ka a chọrọ iji kwado mmeghachi omume fusion, ya mere enweghị ike ịmepụta ọkụ eletrik maka. okporo.

"A mụọla nyocha nke Fusion nke ọma n'ime iri afọ ole na ole gara aga, na-ebute ọganihu na nghọta sayensị na teknụzụ maka ike njikọta," ka CFS CEO Robert Mumgaard na-ekwu.

"CFS na-eji usoro dị elu na-azụ ahịa ahịa, ebe anyị na-emepụta ihe ndọta ọhụrụ dị elu iji mee obere ngwaọrụ fusion site na iji otu usoro physics dị ka nnukwu mmemme gọọmentị. Iji mee nke a, CFS na MIT na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na ọrụ imekọ ihe ọnụ, na-amalite site na ịmepụta ihe ndọta ọhụrụ. "

Ngwa SPARC na-eji oghere ndọta dị ike na-edobe plasma na-ekpo ọkụ - ofe gaseous nke ụmụ irighiri ihe subatomic - iji gbochie ya ịbanye na akụkụ ọ bụla nke oghere oghere nke yiri donut.

Mumgaard na-akọwa, "Ihe ịma aka bụ isi bụ ịmepụta plasma n'ọnọdụ nke ngwakọta ga-eme ka ọ na-emepụta ike karịa ka ọ na-eri," Mumgaard na-akọwa. "Nke a na-adabere kpamkpam na ngalaba physics nke a maara dị ka physics plasma."

Emebere nnwale kọmpat a iji wepụta ihe dị ka 100MW nke okpomọkụ n'ime nkeji nkeji iri, ike dị ka obere obodo na-eji. Ma, dị ka SPARC bụ nnwale, ọ gaghị agụnye usoro iji gbanwee ike ngwakọta na ọkụ eletrik.

Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na MIT na-atụ anya na mmepụta ga-abụ ihe karịrị okpukpu abụọ ike ejiri mee ka plasma dị ọkụ, na-emecha nweta ọrụ ọrụ kachasị mma: ike netwọk dị mma sitere na ngwakọta.

Mumgaard kwuru, sị: “Mgbakwụnye na-apụta n'ime plasma nke etinyere n'ime ebe a na-ekpuchi ya site na iji magnetik. "Nke a bụ echiche dị ka karama magnetik. Ike nke oghere magnetik nwere njikọ siri ike na ike karama magnetik ikpuchi plasma ka o wee ruo ọnọdụ ngwakọta.

"Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na anyị nwere ike ịme magnetik siri ike, anyị nwere ike ịme plasma nke nwere ike na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-ekpo ọkụ na-eji obere ike iji kwado ya. Site na plasma dị mma, anyị nwere ike ime ka ngwaọrụ ndị ahụ dị ntakịrị ma nwee ike ịrụ ọrụ na imepụta ya.

"Site na ndị na-ahụ maka okpomọkụ dị elu, anyị nwere ngwá ọrụ ọhụrụ iji mepụta oghere magnetik dị elu, ma si otú ahụ ka mma na obere karama magnetik. Anyị kwenyere na nke a ga-eme ka anyị jikọta ngwa ngwa. "

Mumgaard na-ekwu maka ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke nnukwu igwe eletrọnịkị nke nwere ikike imepụta oghere ndọta okpukpu abụọ ka nke ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na nnwale ọ bụla dị adị, na-eme ka mmụba karịa okpukpu iri na ike kwa nha.

Emere site na teepu ígwè nke ejiri ihe a na-akpọ yttrium-barium-copper oxide (YBCO) mee, magnets ọhụrụ nke na-eme ka ọ dị elu ga-eme ka SPARC nwee ike ịmepụta mmepụta ike nke ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ ise nke ITER ma na ngwaọrụ nke dị naanị 1/65 na. olu.

Site n'ibelata nha, ọnụ ahịa, usoro iheomume na mgbagwoju anya nhazi nke achọrọ iji wuo ngwaọrụ ike ikuku net, ihe ndọta YBCO ga-emekwa ka usoro agụmakwụkwọ na azụmaahịa ọhụrụ nwee ike ijikọ ike.

"SPARC na ITER bụ ma tokamaks, otu ụdị karama magnetik dabere na sayensị dị ukwuu nke mmepe physics plasma kemgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ," Mumgaard na-akọwa.

"SPARC ga-eji ọgbọ na-abịa nke nnukwu okpomọkụ superconductor (HTS) magnet nke na-enye ohere maka oghere magnetik dị elu karị, na-enye ọrụ mgbagwoju anya ezubere iche na obere nha.

"Anyị kwenyere na nke a ga-abụ akụkụ bụ isi nke ịnweta njikọ na oge ihu igwe na ngwaahịa mara mma."

N'okwu gbasara oge na ịdị adị nke azụmahịa, SPARC bụ mgbanwe nke imewe tokamak nke a mụọla ma nụchaa ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, gụnyere ọrụ na MIT nke malitere na 1970s.

Nnwale SPARC na-achọ imeghe ụzọ maka ụlọ ọrụ ike njikọta nke mbụ n'ụwa nwere ikike nke gburugburu 200MW ọkụ eletrik, tụnyere nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik azụmahịa.

N'agbanyeghị enweghị obi abụọ zuru ebe niile gbasara ike njikọta - Eni nwere ọhụụ na-atụ anya ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ mbụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na-etinye nnukwu ego na ya - ndị na-akwado ya kwenyere na usoro a nwere ike gboo akụkụ dị ukwuu nke mkpa ume na-eto eto n'ụwa, ebe n'otu oge ahụ na-egbutu ya. ikuku ikuku griin haus.

Obere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke magnets na-arụ ọrụ ọhụrụ na-enye nwere ike na-enye aka ngwa ngwa, ụzọ dị ọnụ ala maka ọkụ eletrik site na ike ngwakọta na grid.

Eni na-eme atụmatụ na ọ ga-efu $ 3bn iji mepụta ihe nrụpụta 200MW fusion site na 2033. Ihe oru ngo ITER, mmekorita n'etiti Europe, US, China, India, Japan, Russia na South Korea, bụ ihe karịrị ọkara ụzọ n'ihu ya lekwasịrị anya nke mbụ super Nnwale plasma dị ọkụ site na 2025 yana ngwakọta ike zuru oke nke mbụ site na 2035, ma nwee mmefu ego nke gburugburu €20bn. Dịka ọ dị na SPARC, emebere ITER ka ọ ghara imepụta ọkụ eletrik.

Yabụ, na grid US na-apụ na coal monolithic 2GW-3GW ma ọ bụ osisi ike fission n'ebe ndị nọ na 100MW-500MW, ike njikọta nwere ike ịsọ mpi n'ọma ahịa siri ike - ma, ọ bụrụ otu a, olee mgbe?

"A ka nwere nyocha nke a ga-eme, ma a maara ihe ịma aka ndị ahụ, ihe ọhụrụ ọhụrụ na-egosi ụzọ isi mee ka ihe dịkwuo ngwa ngwa, ndị egwuregwu ọhụrụ dị ka CFS na-eme ka azụmahịa na-elekwasị anya na nsogbu na sayensị bụ isi tozuru okè," ka Mumgaard na-ekwu.

"Anyị kwenyere na njikọta dị nso karịa ka ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-eche. Nọrọ na-ekiri." jQuery ( akwụkwọ ).ready (ọrụ () {/* Ụlọ ọrụ carousel */ jQuery ('.carousel') .slick ({ ntụpọ: eziokwu, enweghi ngwụcha: eziokwu, ọsọ: 300, lazyLoad: 'ondemand', slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: 1, adaptiveHeight: ezi});

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Oge nzipu: Dec-18-2019
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