He ʻāina ʻo Kina me ka ʻāina ākea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻano o ka ʻāina, nā kumu waiwai mineral piha a me nā kumu waiwai nui. He punawai minerala nui me kona mau waiwai ponoi.
Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka mineralization, ua komo nā ʻāpana metallogenic nui ʻekolu o ka honua i Kina, no laila ua nui nā kumu minerala, a ua piha nā kumu waiwai. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Kina he 171 mau ʻano minerala, a he 156 o ia mau mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a ʻo kona waiwai kūpono ke kūlana kolu ma ka honua.
Wahi a nā mea mālama i hōʻoia ʻia, aia he 45 mau ʻano minerala nui ma Kina. ʻO kekahi o nā waihona kola he nui loa, e like me nā metala honua ʻokoʻa, tungsten, tin, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, sulfur, magnesite, boron, lanahu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā kūlana āpau i ka mua o ka honua. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo nā ʻano ʻelima mineral ka mea mua ma ka honua. E nānā kākou i nā ʻano minerala.
1. ʻOka tungsten
ʻO Kina ka ʻāina me ka waiwai nui o ka tungsten ma ka honua. Aia he 252 mau waihona kolake i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma 23 mau panalāʻau. Ma ke ʻano o nā panalāʻau (nā ʻāpana), ʻo Hunan (ka nui o ka scheelite) a me Jiangxi (black-tungsten ore) ka nui loa, me ka helu ʻana o nā waihona no 33,8% a me 20,7% o ka nui o nā mālama ʻāina; Henan, Guangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, etc. ʻO ka panalāʻau ('āpana) ka lua.
ʻO nā wahi eli tungsten koʻikoʻi ʻo Hunan Shizhuyuan Tungsten Mine, Jiangxi Xihua Mountain, Daji Mountain, Pangu Mountain, Guimei Mountain, Guangdong Lianhuashan Tungsten Mine, Fujian Luoluokeng Tungsten Mine, Gansu Taʻergou Tungsten Mine, a me Henan Sandaozhuang Aluminum Tungsten Mine a pēlā aku. .
ʻO Dayu County, Jiangxi Province, Kina ka honua kaulana "Tungsten Capital". Aia ma mua o 400 mau mines tungsten i puni. Ma hope o ke Kaua ʻOpiuma, ua ʻike mua nā Kelemania i ka tungsten ma laila. I kēlā manawa, kūʻai malū lākou i nā kuleana mining no 500 yuan. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka poʻe aloha ʻāina, ua ala aʻe lākou e pale i nā maina a me nā maina. Ma hope o nā kūkākūkā he nui, ua loaʻa iaʻu nā kuleana eli ma 1,000 yuan i ka makahiki 1908 a loaʻa iaʻu nā kālā no ka mining. ʻO kēia ka ʻoihana hoʻomohala tungsten mine mua loa ma Weinan.
Core a me ka specimen o Dangping tungsten waihona, Dayu County, Jiangxi Province
ʻO ka lua, antimony ore
ʻO 锑 he metala hina-hinahina me ke kūpaʻa ʻino. ʻO ka hana nui o ka niobium i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka paʻakikī, i ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia he paʻakikī no nā metala a i ʻole nā mea hao.
ʻO Kina kekahi o nā ʻāina o ka honua i ʻike a hoʻohana i ka ʻaila antimony ma mua. Ma nā puke kahiko e like me "Hanshu Food and Food" a me "Historical Records", aia nā moʻolelo o ka hakakā. I kēlā manawa, ʻaʻole lākou i kapa ʻia ʻo 锑, akā ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Lianxi." Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o New China, ua hoʻokō ʻia kahi ʻimi ʻāina nui a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Yankuang Mine, a ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka sulfurized sulphide concentrate blast furnace. ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa waiwai antimony o Kina a me ka hana ʻana i ke kūlana mua ma ka honua, a me ka nui o nā mea hoʻopuka, ka hana ʻana i ka bismuth metala maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe (me 99.999%) a me ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻike ana i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka honua.
ʻO Kina ka ʻāina me ka nui o nā waiwai plutonium ma ka honua, ʻo ia ka 52% o ka huina honua. Aia he 171 mau mines Yankuang i ʻike ʻia, ka hapa nui ma Hunan, Guangxi, Tibet, Yunnan, Guizhou a me Gansu. ʻO ka huina kālā o nā panalāʻau ʻeono he 87.2% o ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai i ʻike ʻia. ʻO Hunan ka ʻāina me nā waihona waiwai nui loa o 锑. ʻO ke kūlanakauhale wai anuanu o ka panalāʻau ka lua antimony nui loa o ka honua, e helu ana i ka hapakolu o nā huahana makahiki o ka ʻāina.
ʻO kēia kumu waiwai o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka lawe ʻana mai o Kina a ʻoi aku ka waiwai ma mua o nā honua laha. Ua hōʻike ʻia he 60% o ka Yankuang i lawe ʻia mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai Kina. Ke piʻi aʻe nei ke kūlana o Kina ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ua mākaukau mākou i kekahi kuleana ʻōlelo. I ka makahiki 2002, ua manaʻo ʻo Kina e ʻae i kahi ʻōnaehana quota no ka lawe ʻana aku iā Yankuang, a paʻa paʻa i nā kumuwaiwai ma kona mau lima ponoʻī. Ma, e hoʻomohala i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ko lākou ʻāina ponoʻī.
ʻO ke kolu, bentonite
ʻO ka Bentonite kahi kumu waiwai mineral non-metallic, i haku nui ʻia me ka montmorillonite me kahi ʻano papa. No ka mea he nui nā waiwai maikaʻi o ka bentonite e like me ka pehu, adsorption, suspension, dispersibility, ion exchange, stability, thixotropy, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 1000 hoʻohana, no laila ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa o "ka honua honua"; hiki ke hana ʻia i Adhesives, suspending agents, thixotropic agents, catalysts, clarifiers, adsorbents, chemical carriers, etc. i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā ʻano āpau a ua ʻike ʻia ʻo "nā mea āpau".
Nui ka waiwai o ka bentonite o Kina, me ka waiwai i kuhi ʻia ʻoi aku ma mua o 7 biliona tons. Loaʻa ia ma kahi ākea o nā bentonites a me ka sodium-based bentonites, a me ka hydrogen-based, aluminum-based, soda-calcium-based a me unclassified bentonites. ʻO nā waihona o ka sodium bentonite he 586.334 miliona tons, ʻo ia ka 24% o ka nui o nā mālama; ʻo ka mālama ʻana o ka sodium bentonite he 351.586 miliona mau tona; ʻO nā ʻano alumini a me ka hydrogen ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka helu calcium a me ka sodium bentonite no kahi 42%.
ʻEhā, titanium
Ma ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana, e like me nā manaʻo, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā waiwai ilmenite a me rutile o ka honua ma mua o 2 biliona tons, a ʻo nā mea hoʻokele waiwai e hoʻohana ʻia he 770 miliona tons. Ma waena o nā mālama mālama honua o nā kumu waiwai titanium, ʻo ka ilmenite ka 94%, a ʻo ke koena he rutile. ʻO Kina ka ʻāina me ka nui loa o ka ilmenite, me ka mālama ʻana o 220 miliona tons, ʻo ia ka 28.6% o ka nui o ka mālama ʻana o ka honua. Aia ʻo Australia, India a me ʻApelika Hema i ka lua a i ka ʻehā. Ma ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana, ʻo nā mea hana ʻehā titanium o ka honua ma 2016 ʻo South Africa, Kina, Australia a me Mozambique.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka honua Titanium ore i ka makahiki 2016
Hāʻawi ʻia ka titanium o Kina ma mua o 10 mau panalāʻau a me nā ʻāina kūʻokoʻa. ʻO ka titanium ore ka nui o ka titanium ore, rutile ore a me ka ilmenite o ka vanadium-titanium magnetite. Hoʻokumu nui ʻia ka Titanium i ka vanadium-titanium magnetite ma ka wahi Panzhihua o Sichuan. Hana ʻia nā mines Rutile ma Hubei, Henan, Shanxi a me nā panalāʻau ʻē aʻe. Hana nui ʻia ka ʻaila Ilmenite ma Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi a me nā panalāʻau (nā ʻāina). ʻO ka mālama ʻana o TiO2 o ka ilmenite he 357 miliona tons, ka pae mua ma ka honua.
ʻElima, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele
He ʻāina nui ʻo Kina me nā waihona waiwai o ka honua. ʻAʻole waiwai wale ia i nā mālama mālama, akā loaʻa nō hoʻi nā pono o nā minerala piha a me nā mea o ka honua laha, ka pae kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻāina laha ʻole a me ka hāʻawi kūpono ʻana o nā wahi oka, e kau ana i kahi kumu paʻa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana honua ʻokoʻa o Kina.
ʻO ko Kina mau minelala honua laha ʻole e like me: Baiyun Ebo rare earth mine, Shandong Weishan rare earth mine, Suining rare earth mine, Jiangxi weathering shell leaching type rare earth mine, Hunan brown trout mine and coastal mine ma kahakai lōʻihi.
ʻO ka Baiyun Obo rare earth ore he symbiotic me ka hao. ʻO nā minerala nui loa o ka honua he fluorocarbon antimony ore a me ka monazite. ʻO ka ratio he 3: 1, ua hiki i ka helu hoʻōla honua. No laila, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia i hui ʻia. ʻO ka nui o ka REO honua ʻokoʻa he 35 miliona tons, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kahi o 35 miliona tons. ʻO 38% o nā mālama mālama honua ʻo ia ka lua nui loa o ka honua.
ʻO ka Weishan rare earth ore a me ka Suining rare earth ore ka mea nui i haku ʻia me ka bastnasite ore, i hui pū ʻia me ka barite, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a he maʻalahi ke koho ʻana i nā ores honua laha.
ʻO Jiangxi weathering crust leaching rare earth ore he ʻano hou o ka mineral earth rare. He mea maʻalahi kona hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, a loaʻa i loko o ia nā honua laʻa a me ke kaumaha. He ʻano oka honua laha ʻole me ka hoʻokūkū mākeke.
He waiwai loa ke one kahakai o Kina. ʻO ke kahakai o ke Kai Kina Hema a me nā kahakai o Hainan Island a me Taiwan Island hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo ke kahakai gula o nā waihona one kahakai. Aia nā waihona one sedimentary hou a me nā mines one kahiko, kahi e mālama ʻia ai ka monazite a me ka xenotime. Hoʻihoʻi ʻia ke one kahakai ma ke ʻano he huahana ke hoʻihoʻi ʻo ia i ka ilmenite a me ka zircon.
ʻOiai he waiwai nui nā kumu waiwai kohuke o Kina, akā ʻo 58% ka poʻe i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kanaka o ka honua, ʻo ia ka 53rd ma ka honua. A he ʻilihune a paʻakikī hoʻi iaʻu nā hiʻohiʻona waiwai waiwai o Kina, paʻakikī ke koho, paʻakikī iaʻu. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā waihona me nā waihona i hōʻoia ʻia o ka bauxite a me nā minela nui ʻē aʻe he ʻeleʻele maikaʻi ʻole. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mineral kiʻekiʻe e like me ka tungsten ore, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou e hoʻohana ʻia no ka lawe ʻana aku, e hopena ana i nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa o nā huahana mineral a me nā mea waiwai. Pono e hoʻonui hou i nā hana hoʻoponopono, pale i nā kumuwaiwai, hōʻoia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana, a hoʻokumu i ka leo honua i nā kumu waiwai mineral. Puna: Mining Exchange
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-11-2019