'Ōlelo a ka Lunahooponopono: 'O ka 'enehana uila ka mea e hiki mai ana o ka honua 'ōma'oma'o, a 'o ka 'enehana pila ke kumu o ka 'enehana uila a me ke kī e kaohi ai i ka ho'omohala nui o ka 'enehana uila. ʻO ka ʻenehana pākaukau nui o kēia manawa ʻo nā pā lithium-ion, nona ka ikehu maikaʻi a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka lithium kahi mea ʻokoʻa me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a me nā kumu waiwai. I ka manawa like, ke ulu nei ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumu ikehu hou, ʻaʻole lawa ka nui o ka ikehu o nā pā lithium-ion. pehea e pane ai? Ua kiʻi ʻo Mayank Jain i kekahi mau ʻenehana pākaukau e hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ua paʻi ʻia ka ʻatikala kumu ma ka medium me ke poʻo inoa: The Future of Battery Technology
Piha ka honua i ka ikehu, a ke hana nei mākou i nā mea a pau e hiki ai ke hopu a hoʻohana pono i kēlā ikehu. ʻOiai ua hana mākou i kahi hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu hou, ʻaʻole mākou i holomua nui i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu.
I kēia manawa, ʻo ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa o ka ʻenehana pākaukau ʻo nā pā lithium-ion. Me he mea lā ua loaʻa i kēia pākaukau ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikehu, ka hana kiʻekiʻe (ma kahi o 99%), a me ke ola lōʻihi.
No laila he aha ka hewa? Ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o ka ikehu hou a mākou e hopu ai, ʻaʻole lawa ka nui o ka ikehu o nā pā lithium-ion.
Ma muli o ka hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomau i ka hana ʻana i nā pila i loko o nā pūʻulu, ʻaʻole ia he mea nui, akā ʻo ka pilikia ʻo ka lithium he metala liʻiliʻi loa, no laila ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa kona kumukūʻai. ʻOiai ke hāʻule nei nā kumukūʻai hana pākaukau, ke piʻi wikiwiki nei ka pono o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu.
Ua hōʻea mākou i kahi manawa i hana ʻia ai ka pā lithium ion, e loaʻa ka hopena nui i ka ʻoihana ikehu.
He ʻoiaʻiʻo ka ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu o nā wahie mōʻalihaku, a he mea nui kēia e pale ai i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hilinaʻi piha i ka ikehu hou. Pono mākou i nā pila e hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu ma mua o ko mākou kaumaha.
Pehea ka hana ʻana o nā pākahi lithium-ion
ʻO ke ʻano hana o nā pākahi lithium e like me ka AA maʻamau a i ʻole AAA mau pihi kemika. Loaʻa iā lākou nā hopena anode a me ka cathode, a me kahi electrolyte ma waena. ʻAʻole e like me nā pila maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia ka hopena o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka pā lithium-ion, no laila hiki ke hoʻopaʻa hou ʻia ka pākaukau.
Hana ʻia ka cathode (+ terminal) me ka lithium iron phosphate, ka anode (-terminal) i hana ʻia me ka graphite, a me ka graphite i hana ʻia i ke kalapona. ʻO ka uila wale nō ke kahe o nā electrons. Hoʻopuka kēia mau pila i ka uila ma ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā ion lithium ma waena o ka anode a me ka cathode.
Ke hoʻouka ʻia, neʻe nā ion i ka anode, a i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai, holo nā ion i ka cathode.
ʻO kēia neʻe ʻana o nā ion ke kumu o ka neʻe ʻana o nā electron i ke kaapuni, no laila pili ka neʻe ʻana o ka lithium ion a me ka neʻe electron.
ʻO ka pākaukau anode silikoni
Nui nā ʻoihana kaʻa nui e like me BMW e hoʻopukapuka ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pihi anode silicon. E like me nā pākahi lithium-ion maʻamau, hoʻohana kēia mau ʻāpana lithium anodes, akā ma kahi o nā anodes carbon-based, hoʻohana lākou i ke silika.
E like me ka anode, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kilika ma mua o ka graphite no ka mea e pono ai i 4 mau kalapona kalapona e hoʻopaʻa i ka lithium, a hiki i 1 silicon atom ke hoʻopaʻa i 4 lithium ion. He hoʻomaikaʻi nui kēia ... e hana ana i ka silika 3 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka graphite.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lithium he pahi kaua ʻelua. ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai o kēia mea, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā hale hana i nā cell silicon. Inā ʻokoʻa loa nā pila, pono e hoʻolālā hou ʻia ka hale hana, kahi e hoʻemi iki ai ka nani o ka hoʻololi ʻana.
Hana ʻia nā anodes silikoni ma ka mālama ʻana i ke one e hana ai i ke silika maʻemaʻe, akā ʻo ka pilikia nui o ka poʻe noiʻi e kū nei i kēia manawa ʻo ia ka pehu ʻana o nā anodes silicon ke hoʻohana ʻia. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa koke i ka pākaukau. He paʻakikī hoʻi ka hana nui ʻana i nā anodes.
Bati graphene
He ʻano kalapona kalapona ʻo Graphene e hoʻohana ana i nā mea like me ka penikala, akā nui ka manawa e hoʻopili ai i ka graphite i nā flakes. Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ʻo Graphene no kāna hana maikaʻi loa i nā hihia hoʻohana he nui, a ʻo nā pihi kekahi o lākou.
Ke hana nei kekahi mau ʻoihana i nā pā graphene i hiki ke hoʻopiha piha ʻia i nā minuke a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma 33 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o nā pā lithium-ion. He waiwai nui kēia no nā kaʻa uila.
Pākuʻi pahu
I kēia manawa, ʻelua ʻano ʻano ʻano pākahiko maʻamau. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou e like me ka pā lithium a i ʻōwili ʻia e like me ka AA maʻamau a i ʻole ka pā lithium-ion.
He manaʻo hou ka puʻupuʻu pahu e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka uku uila ma kahi ākea 3D.
Hiki i kēia hoʻolālā 3-dimensional ke wikiwiki i ka manawa hoʻopiʻi a hoʻonui i ka nui o ka ikehu, he mau mea koʻikoʻi kēia o ka pākaukau. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hapa nui o nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe electrolytes wai hoʻopōʻino.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōhua pahu i nā electrolytes paʻa ma mua o nā electrolytes wai. ʻAʻole kēia electrolyte e alakaʻi wale i nā ion lithium, akā hoʻopili pū kekahi i nā mea uila ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka anode e paʻa ana i ka hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole o ka pākaukau i hana ʻia i ke keleawe huʻi a uhi ʻia me ka mea hana pono.
Hoʻopili ʻia kahi electrolyte paʻa a puni ka anode.
ʻO ka hope, hoʻohana ʻia kahi mea i kapa ʻia "positive paste" e hoʻopiha i nā āpau i loko o ka pākaukau.
Batri Aluminum Oxide
Loaʻa i kēia mau pila kekahi o ka nui o ka ikehu o kēlā me kēia pākaukau. ʻOi aku ka ikaika a ʻoi aku ka māmā o kona ikehu ma mua o nā pākahi lithium-ion o kēia manawa. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe e hiki i kēia mau pila ke hāʻawi i 2,000 kilomita o nā kaʻa uila. He aha kēia manaʻo? No ka hōʻike ʻana, ʻo ka nui o ka holo ʻana o Tesla ma kahi o 600 mau kilomita.
ʻO ka pilikia me kēia mau pila ʻaʻole hiki ke kau ʻia. Hana lākou i ka alumini hydroxide a hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu ma o ka hopena o ka alumini a me ka oxygen i loko o kahi electrolyte wai. Hoʻohana ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pihi i ka alumini ma ke ʻano he anode.
ʻO ka pāʻani sodium
I kēia manawa, ke hana nei nā kānaka ʻepekema Kepani i ka hana ʻana i nā pila e hoʻohana ana i ka sodium ma mua o ka lithium.
He mea hoʻopilikia kēia, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pākahi sodium ma mua o 7 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā pā lithium. ʻO kekahi pōmaikaʻi nui ʻē aʻe ʻo ka sodium ka mea waiwai ʻeono i loko o nā waihona o ka honua, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka lithium, kahi mea ʻokoʻa.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-02-2019