Ke kaʻina hana graphite electrode

ʻO ka graphite electrode kahi mea hana graphite conductive kiʻekiʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka petroleum knead, needle coke ma ke ʻano he aggregate a me ka bitumen lanahu e like me ka binder, i hana ʻia ma o nā kaʻina hana e like me ka kneading, molding, roasting, impregnation, graphitization and mechanical processing. mea waiwai.

ʻO ka graphite electrode he mea koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe-mehana conductive mea no ka hana kila uila. Hoʻohana ʻia ka electrode graphite e hoʻokomo i ka ikehu uila i ka umu uila, a ʻo ka wela kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia e ka arc ma waena o ka hopena electrode a hoʻohana ʻia ka uku e hoʻoheheʻe i ka uku no ka hana kila. ʻO nā kapuahi ʻeleʻele ʻē aʻe i honi i nā mea e like me ka phosphorus melemele, ka silikoni ʻenehana, a me nā abrasives hoʻohana pū i nā electrodes graphite e like me nā mea conductive. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka maikaʻi a me nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika o nā electrodes graphite i nā ʻāpana ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā mea maka no ka hana ʻana i nā electrodes graphite he petroleum coke, needle coke a me ka coal tar pitch.

ʻO ka Petroleum coke kahi huahana paʻa paʻa i loaʻa ma ke koena o ka lanahu coking a me ka pitch petroleum. He ʻeleʻele a porous ka waihoʻoluʻu, ʻo ke kalapona ka mea nui, a he haʻahaʻa loa ka ʻike lehu, ma lalo o 0.5%. No ka hui kalapona maʻalahi i kaha kiʻi ʻia ka Petroleum coke. ʻO ka Petroleum coke ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻoihana kemika a me ka metallurgical. ʻO ia ka mea kumu nui no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana graphite artificial a me nā huahana kalapona no ka alumini electrolytic.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka coke petroleum i ʻelua ʻano: coke maka a me ka coke calcined e like me ka mahana mālama wela. ʻO ka coke petroleum mua i loaʻa ma ka coking lohi ka nui o nā volatiles, a he haʻahaʻa ka ikaika mechanical. Loaʻa ka coke calcined ma ka calcination o ka coke maka. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hale hoʻoheheʻe ma Kina e hana i ka coke wale nō, a ʻo ka hana calcination ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu kalapona.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka coke Petroleum i ka coke sulfur kiʻekiʻe (ʻoi aku ka nui o 1.5% sulfur), ka coke sulfur medium (loaʻa ka 0.5% -1.5% sulfur), a me ka coke sulfur haʻahaʻa (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o 0.5% sulfur). Hana ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā electrodes graphite a me nā huahana graphite artificial e hoʻohana ana i ka coke sulfur haʻahaʻa.

He ʻano coke ʻano kiʻekiʻe me ka fibrous kikokikona, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka graphitization maʻalahi. Ke wāwahi ʻia ka coke, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e like me ke ʻano (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ratio ma luna o 1.75). Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi hanana fibrous anisotropic ma lalo o kahi microscope polarizing, a no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo needle coke.

ʻIke loa ka anisotropy o nā waiwai physico-mechanical o ka nila coke. Loaʻa iā ia ka conductivity uila a me ka wela e like me ke kuhikuhi axis lōʻihi o ka particle, a haʻahaʻa ka coefficient o ka hoʻonui wela. Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka axis lōʻihi o ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana i ke kuhikuhi extrusion. No laila, ʻo ka nila coke ke kī nui no ka hana ʻana i nā electrodes graphite kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ultra-high-power. ʻO ka graphite electrode i hana ʻia he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, liʻiliʻi ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela a me ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu maikaʻi.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Needle coke i loko o ka ʻaila coke ma muli o ka ʻaila i hana ʻia mai ke koena o ka ʻaila a me ka coke kola lanahu i hana ʻia mai nā mea maka.

ʻO ke kala lanahu kekahi o nā huahana nui o ka hana ʻana i ka hohonu. He hui ia o nā hydrocarbons like ʻole, ʻeleʻele i ka wela kiʻekiʻe, semi-solid a paʻa paha i ka wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻohe wahi hoʻoheheʻe paʻa, palupalu ma hope o ka hoʻomehana ʻana, a laila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, me ka density o 1.25-1.35 g / cm3. Wahi a kona wahi palupalu, ua māhele ʻia i ka wela haʻahaʻa, ka wela waena a me ka asphalt wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO 54-56% o ka pā lanahu ka loaʻa ʻana o ka asphalt wela waena. He mea paʻakikī loa ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka coal tar, e pili ana i nā waiwai o ka coal tar a me ka ʻike o nā heteroatoms, a pili pū ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana coking process a me nā kūlana hoʻoili. Nui nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka pitch tar lanahu, e like me ka bitumen softening point, toluene insolubles (TI), quinoline insolubles (QI), coking values, and lanahu pitch rheology.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Coal tar ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopaʻa a impregnant i ka ʻoihana kalapona, a he hopena nui kāna hana i ke kaʻina hana a me ka maikaʻi o ka huahana o nā huahana kalapona. Hoʻohana maʻamau ka asphalt binder i ka asphalt i hoʻololi ʻia i ka wela-mehana a i ʻole ka wela wela me kahi wahi palupalu haʻahaʻa, kahi waiwai coking kiʻekiʻe, a me kahi resin β kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka mea hana impregnating he asphalt wela haʻahaʻa me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, he QI haʻahaʻa, a me nā waiwai rheological maikaʻi.

Hōʻike ke kiʻi aʻe i ke kaʻina hana o ka electrode graphite i ka ʻoihana kalapona.
Calcination: Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka mea kalapona i ka wela ma kahi wela kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokuʻu ai i ka maʻa a me nā mea maʻemaʻe i loko, a ʻo ke kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana kuke kumu i kapa ʻia ʻo calcination. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ua calcined ka carbonaceous raw material ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kinoea a me kāna mau volatiles e like me ke kumu wela, a ʻo ka wela kiʻekiʻe he 1250-1350 °C.

Hoʻololi nui ka Calcination i ka hoʻolālā a me nā waiwai physicochemical o carbonaceous raw material, ka mea nui i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka density, ka ikaika mechanical a me ka conductivity uila o ka coke, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa kemika a me ka pale ʻana o ka coke, e kau ana i ke kumu no ke kaʻina hana. .

ʻO nā mea hana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka pahu calciner, rotary kiln a me ka calciner uila. ʻO ka helu hoʻomalu maikaʻi o ka calcination ʻo ka nui maoli o ka petroleum coke ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 2.07g/cm3, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka resistivity ma mua o 550μΩ.m, ʻaʻole i emi iho ka nui o ka coke needle ma mua o 2.12g/cm3, a me ka ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka resistivity ma mua o 500μΩ.m.
ʻO ka ʻohi ʻana i nā mea maka a me nā mea ʻai

Ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, pono e ʻoki ʻia ka coke petroleum calcined nui a me ka coke needle, ka lepo, a kānana.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka ʻohi ʻana i nā mea hana ma kahi o 50 mm ma o ka jaw crusher, hammer crusher, roll crusher a me nā mea like e ʻoki hou aku i ka nui o nā mea 0.5-20 mm i koi ʻia no ka hui ʻana.

ʻO ka wili ʻana he hana ia o ka wili ʻana i kahi mea kalapona i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi pauda o 0.15 mm a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi a me ka nui o ka 0.075 mm a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi ma o ka wili liʻiliʻi ʻano apo (Raymond mill), ka wili pōleʻa, a i ʻole nā ​​mea like. .

ʻO ka nānā ʻana he kaʻina hana e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai ka nui o nā mea ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana i kekahi mau ʻāpana nui me ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui ma o ke ʻano o nā kānana me nā puka like ʻole. Pono ka hana electrode o kēia manawa i ka 4-5 pellets a me 1-2 pauka.

ʻO nā mea hana nā kaʻina hana no ka helu ʻana, ke kaupaona ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā aggregates a me nā pauka a me nā mea hoʻopili e like me nā koi hoʻolālā. ʻO ke kūpono ʻepekema o ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka paʻa o ka hana batching kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka index index a me ka hana o ka huahana.

Pono e hoʻoholo i nā ʻano 5:
1 E koho i ke ʻano o nā mea maka;
2 hoʻoholo i ka māhele o nā ʻano mea maka;
3 ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka nui o ka ʻāpana o ka mea maka paʻa;
4 hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka mea hoʻopili;
5 E hoʻoholo i ke ʻano a me ka nui o nā mea hoʻohui.

Kneading: Ka hui ʻana a me ka helu ʻana i nā ʻāpana kalapona kalapona a me nā pauka me ka nui o ka mea hoʻopaʻa i kahi mahana, a kāwili i ka paʻi plasticity i loko o kahi kaʻina i kapa ʻia ke kāwili ʻana.

Kaʻina Kneading: hui maloʻo (20-35 min) hui pulu (40-55 min)

ʻO ke kuleana o ka hui ʻana:
1 I ka hui ʻana i ka maloʻo, ua hui like ʻia nā mea maka like ʻole, a ua hui pū ʻia nā mea kalapona paʻa o nā ʻāpana like ʻole a hoʻopiha ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻa o ka hui;
2 Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pitch tar lanahu, ua hui like ka mea maloʻo a me ka asphalt. ʻO ka asphalt wai e ʻaʻahu like a pulu i ka ʻili o nā granule e hana i kahi papa o ka papa hoʻopaʻa asphalt, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā mea āpau i kekahi i kekahi e hana i kahi smear plastic homogeneous. Kūpono i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana;
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana 3 o ka lanahu tar pitch i loko o ka lumi o loko o ka mea carbonaceous, e hoʻonui hou ana i ka paʻa a me ka hui ʻana o ka paʻi.

Molding: ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā mea kalapona e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana o ka plastically deforming the kneaded carbon paste ma lalo o ka ikaika o waho i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea hana hoʻoheheʻe e hana hope i kahi kino ʻōmaʻomaʻo (a i ʻole huahana maka) i loaʻa kekahi ʻano, ka nui, ka nui a me ka ikaika. kaʻina hana.

Nā ʻano o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, nā mea hana a me nā huahana i hana ʻia:
Ke ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe
Mea maʻamau
huahana nui
Hoʻoheheʻe
Paʻi hydraulic vertical
Kalapona uila, graphite hale haʻahaʻa
Kīkini
Horizontal hydraulic extruder
Mea hoʻokuke wili
graphite electrode, square electrode
Kuʻi haʻalulu
Mīkini hoʻoheheʻe haʻalulu
Pilikia kalapona alumini, pōhaku lepo kalapona umu ahi
kaomi isostatic
Mīkini hoʻoheheʻe isostatic
Isotropic graphite, anisotropic graphite

ʻO ka hana ʻomi
1 mea ʻoluʻolu: nā mea hoʻoluʻu disc, nā mea hoʻoluʻu cylinder, ka hui ʻana a me ka kāwili ʻana i nā mea hoʻoluʻu, etc.
E hoʻokuʻu i nā volatiles, e ho'ēmi i kahi mahana kūpono (90-120 ° C) e hoʻonui ai i ka adhesion, i mea like ka blockiness o ka paʻi no 20-30 min.
2 Ke hoʻouka ʻana: kaomi i ka baffle hoʻokiʻekiʻe —– 2-3 mau manawa e ʻoki ai—-4-10MPa compaction
3 pre-pressure: kaomi 20-25MPa, manawa 3-5min, ʻoiai e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ana
4 extrusion: kaomi i lalo i ka baffle -5-15MPa extrusion - ʻoki - i loko o ka wai hoʻomaha.

ʻO nā ʻenehana ʻenehana o ka extrusion: ka pākuʻi ʻana, ke keʻena paʻi a me ka mahana nozzle, ka mahana anuanu, ka manawa preload pressure, extrusion pressure, extrusion speed, cooling water temperature.

Ka nānā ʻana i ke kino ʻōmaʻomaʻo: ka nui o ka nui, ka paʻi ʻana i ke ʻano, ka nānā ʻana

Calcination: He kaʻina hana ia e hoʻopiha ʻia ai ke kino ʻōmaʻomaʻo kalapona i loko o kahi umu hoʻomehana i hoʻolālā ʻia ma lalo o ka pale o ka mea hoʻopihapiha e hana ai i ka mālama wela wela e hoʻokalapona i ka pitch lanahu i ke kino ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka bitumen coke i hana ʻia ma hope o ka carbonization o ka lanahu bitumen e hoʻopaʻa i ka carbonaceous aggregate a me nā ʻāpana pauka, a ʻo ka huahana kalapona calcined he kiʻekiʻe mechanical ikaika, haʻahaʻa uila resistivity, maikaʻi thermal paʻa a me ka paʻa kemika. .

ʻO ka calcination kekahi o nā kaʻina hana nui i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana kalapona, a he mea nui hoʻi ia o nā kaʻina hana wela nui ʻekolu o ka hana graphite electrode. He lōʻihi ke kaʻina hana calcination (22-30 lā no ka kuke ʻana, 5-20 lā no nā umu no 2 baking), a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo ka hopena i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana i hoʻopauʻia a me ke kumukūʻai o ka hanaʻana.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka pahu lanahu ʻōmaʻomaʻo i loko o ke kino ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka wā o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana, a ma kahi o 10% o ka mea volatile i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, a hoʻopuka ʻia ka nui e 2-3% shrinkage, a ʻo ka nui o ka pohō he 8-10%. Ua loli nui ka waiwai kino a me ke kemika o ka billet kalapona. Ua emi ka porosity mai 1.70 g / cm3 a hiki i 1.60 g / cm3 a ua emi ka resistivity mai 10000 μΩ·m i 40-50 μΩ·m ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka porosity. Nui nō hoʻi ka ikaika mechanical o ka billet calcined. No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana.

ʻO ka kuke lua kahi hana e hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka huahana calcined a laila calcined e carbonize i ka pitch i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā pores o ka huahana calcined. ʻO nā uila uila e koi ana i ka mānoanoa nui kiʻekiʻe (ʻo nā ʻano āpau koe wale ka RP) a me nā blanks hui e koi ʻia e bibaked, a ʻo nā blanks hui pū kekahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ʻekolu-luu ʻehā a i ʻole ʻelua-luu ʻekolu-bake.

ʻO ke ʻano umu ahi nui o ka roaster:
Ka hana mau—-ka umu ahi (me ka uhi, me ka uhi ole), tunnel kiln
ʻO ka hana manawaleʻa—-kuhi hoʻohuli ʻia, ka ʻuala ma lalo o ka papahele, ka pahu pahu

ʻO ka pihi hoʻolāʻau a me ka wela kiʻekiʻe:
Hoʻokahi manawa kalua—-320, 360, 422, 480 hola, 1250 °C
ʻO ka ʻala lua—-125, 240, 280 hola, 700-800 °C

ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā huahana i hoʻomoʻa ʻia: ka paʻi ʻana i ke ʻano, ka pale ʻana i ka uila, ka nui nui, ka ikaika compressive, ka nānā ʻana o ka hoʻolālā kūloko

ʻO ka Impregnation kahi kaʻina i hoʻokomo ʻia ai kahi mea kalapona i loko o kahi ipu kaomi a hoʻokomo ʻia ka pitch impregnant wai i loko o nā pores o ka electrode huahana ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana wela a me ke kaomi. ʻO ke kumu e hōʻemi i ka porosity o ka huahana, e hoʻonui i ka nui a me ka ikaika mechanical o ka huahana, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka uila a me ka thermal conductivity o ka huahana.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana impregnation a me nā ʻenehana loea e pili ana: ʻo ka billet roasting - hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻili - hoʻomaʻamaʻa (260-380 °C, 6-10 mau hola) - hoʻouka i ka pahu impregnation - vacuuming (8-9KPa, 40-50min) - Injection of bitumen (180). -200 °C) – Pressurization (1.2-1.5 MPa, 3-4 hola) – Hoʻi i asphalt - Hoʻoluʻu (i loko a i waho paha o ka pahu)

Ka nānā ʻana i nā huahana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia: ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka impregnation G=(W2-W1)/W1×100%
≥14% hoʻokahi
≥ 9% ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka hua
ʻEkolu huahana hoʻopaʻa paona ≥ 5%

ʻO ka graphitization e pili ana i kahi kaʻina hana wela wela wela kahi e wela ai kahi huahana kalapona i kahi mahana o 2300 ° C a ʻoi aʻe paha i loko o kahi mea pale i loko o kahi umu uila wela wela e hoʻohuli ai i kahi kalapona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia amorphous i kahi kauoha ʻekolu. graphite crystal structure.

ʻO ke kumu a me ka hopena o ka graphitization:
1 e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka conductivity a me ka thermal conductivity o ka mea kalapona (ua hoʻemi ʻia ka resistivity e 4-5 mau manawa, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka conductivity thermal ma kahi o 10 mau manawa);
2 hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela a me ke kūpaʻa kemika o ka mea kalapona (hoʻemi ʻia ka helu hoʻonui laina e 50-80%);
3 e hana i ke kalapona mea lubricity a me ka abrasion kū'ē;
4 Hoʻopau i nā haumia, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maʻemaʻe o ka mea kalapona (ua hoʻemi ʻia ka lehu o ka huahana mai 0.5-0.8% a i kahi 0.3%).

ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kaʻina hana graphitization:

Hoʻokō ʻia ka graphitization o nā mea kalapona ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2300-3000 °C, no laila hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ka hoʻomehana uila i ka ʻoihana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke hele pololei nei kēia manawa i ka huahana calcined wela, a me ka huahana calcined i uku ʻia. i loko o ka umu ahi e hana ʻia e ke au uila ma kahi wela kiʻekiʻe. He mea hou ka conductor i mea wela i ka wela kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO nā kapuahi i hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa, ʻo ia nā kapuahi graphitization Acheson a me nā kapuahi wela kūloko (LWG). ʻO ka mea mua he puka nui, kahi ʻokoʻa wela nui, a me ka hoʻohana mana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hope he manawa hoʻomehana pōkole, haʻahaʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana, pale pale uila like ʻole, a ʻaʻole kūpono no ka hoʻopili ʻana.

Hoʻomalu ʻia ka mana o ke kaʻina hana graphitization ma ke ana ʻana i ka pihi mana uila i kūpono i ke kūlana piʻi wela. ʻO ka manawa hoʻolako mana he 50-80 mau hola no ka umu Acheson a me 9-15 mau hola no ka umu LWG.

He nui loa ka mana o ka graphitization, maʻamau 3200-4800KWh, a ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ke kaʻina hana e pili ana i 20-35% o ka huina o ka hana.

ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā huahana graphitized: ka paʻi ʻana i ke ʻano, ka hoʻāʻo resistivity

Mīkini: ʻO ke kumu o ka mīkini mīkini o nā mea kalapona kalapona e hoʻokō i ka nui i koi ʻia, ke ʻano, ka pololei, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻoki ʻana e hana i ke kino electrode a me nā hui e like me nā koi o ka hoʻohana.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka graphite electrode i ʻelua kaʻina hana kūʻokoʻa: kino electrode a me ka hui.

Aia i loko o ka hana kino he ʻekolu mau ʻanuʻu o ka helehelena palaha palaha ʻoluʻolu, ka pōʻai o waho a me ka helehelena palahalaha a me ke kaula wili. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻina hana o ka hui conical i 6 mau kaʻina: ʻokiʻoki, ka helehelena palahalaha, ke alo cone kaʻa, ka milling thread, ka drilling bolt A me ka slotting.

Hoʻohui o nā hui electrode: pili hui conical (ʻekolu buckles a hoʻokahi buckle), pili hui cylindrical, pili puʻupuʻu (pili kāne a wahine)

Ka hoomalu ana i ka pololei machining: milo taper deviation, thread pitch, ami (pu) nui anawaena deviation, hui puka coaxiality, hui pu verticality, electrode hope alo flatness, hui eha-helu deviation. E hōʻoia me nā mīkini apo kūikawā a me nā ana pā.

Ka nānā ʻana i nā electrodes i hoʻopau ʻia: pololei, ke kaumaha, ka lōʻihi, ke anawaena, ka nui o ka nui, ka resistivity, ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana i mua o ka hui, etc.