ʻO ka pākaukau lithium kahi ʻano pākaukau e hoʻohana ana i ka metala lithium a i ʻole ka mea hao lithium ma ke ʻano he mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole a me kahi solution electrolyte nonaqueous. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pākahi Lithium i nā huahana kikohoʻe ma ke kahua kuʻuna, a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ke kahua o nā pihi mana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ma nā kahua e kū mai ana.
He nui nā kumuwaiwai lithium a Kina a me kahi kaulahao ʻoihana pākaukau lithium piha, a me kahi kumu nui o nā talena, e hana ana ʻo Kina i ka ʻāina maikaʻi loa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pā lithium a me nā ʻoihana waiwai, a ua lilo ʻo ia ka lithium nui loa o ka honua. ʻO nā mea pākaukau a me ke kumu hana pākaukau. ʻO ka upstream o ke kaulahao ʻoihana pākaukau lithium me ka cobalt, manganese, nickel ore, lithium ore, a me ka graphite ore. I loko o ke kaulahao ʻoihana hana pākaukau lithium, ʻo ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka pā pākaukau ʻo ke kumu pākaukau. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o ka puʻupuʻu, ua hoʻohui ʻia ke kaula uwila a me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni PVC e hana i kahi modula pākahi, a laila hoʻohui ʻia ka mea hoʻohui uea a me ka papa kaapuni BMS e hana i kahi huahana uila mana.
Ka nānā ʻana i luna o ke kaulahao ʻoihana
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pākaukau lithium ka mining a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai maka, ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai lithium, nā kumu cobalt a me ka graphite. ʻEkolu mea hoʻohana waiwai o nā kaʻa uila: lithium carbonate, cobalt a me graphite. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia he waiwai nui loa nā waihona waiwai lithium honua, a i kēia manawa ʻaʻole i ʻimi ʻia a hoʻomohala ʻia ka 60% o nā kumuwaiwai lithium, akā ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā mines lithium, i kahele ʻia ma ka ʻāpana "lithium triangle" o ʻAmelika Hema. , Australia a me Kina.
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka mālama ʻana o ka wili honua ma kahi o 7 miliona mau tons, a ua paʻa ka hāʻawi ʻana. ʻO ka mālama ʻana o Congo (DRC), Australia a me Cuba he 70% o nā mālama honua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mālama ʻana o Congo he 3.4 miliona tons, ʻoi aku ma mua o 50% o ka honua. .
ʻO ka nānā ʻana i waena o ka ʻoihana pākaukau lithium
ʻO ka waena o ke kaulahao ʻoihana pākaukau lithium e pili ana i nā ʻano mea maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole, a me nā electrolytes, tabs, diaphragms a me nā pā.
Ma waena o lākou,ʻo ka lithium battery electrolyte he mea lawe no ka hoʻokeleʻana i nā ion lithium i loko o ka pahu lithium ion, a he hana koʻikoʻi i ka hana a me ka palekana o ka pahu lithium. ʻO ke kumu hana o ka pākaukau lithium-ion ʻo ia hoʻi ke kaʻina o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka lithium ion ma waena o nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole, a ʻo ka electrolyte ke ala no ke kahe o ka lithium ion. ʻO ka hana nui o ka diaphragm ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole o ka pākaukau, pale i nā pou ʻelua mai ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka pōkole pōkole, a loaʻa pū kekahi i ka hana o ka hele ʻana i nā ion electrolyte.
Ka nānā ʻana i lalo o ke kaulahao ʻoihana pākaukau lithium
I ka makahiki 2018, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka huahana o ka mākeke pākaukau lithium-ion o Kina e 26.71% makahiki-ma-makahiki i 102.00GWh. He 54.03% ka hana o ka honua holoʻokoʻa a Kina, a ua lilo ia i mea hana pākaukau lithium-ion nui loa ma ka honua. ʻO nā hui ʻelele pākahi liʻiliʻi: Ningde era, BYD, Waterma, Guoxuan Hi-Tech a pēlā aku.
Mai ka mākeke noi haʻahaʻa o nā pā lithium-ion ma Kina, ua alakaʻi ʻia ka pā uila mana ma 2018 e ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana kaʻa kaʻa hou. Ua hoʻonuiʻia ka huahana e 46.07% makahiki i ka makahiki i ka 65GWh, i lilo i māhele nui loa; ka 3C kikohoʻe makeke ma 2018 Ua paʻa ka ulu ʻana, a ua hoʻemi ʻia ka huahana e 2.15% makahiki-ma-makahiki i 31.8GWh, a ua emi ka ulu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka pā kikohoʻe kikohoʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻokoʻa maʻalahi, nā ʻeke kikohoʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻeke palupalu kikohoʻe kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i nā mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, nā drones, a me nā ʻike kiʻekiʻe. Ke alakaʻi ʻia nei e nā ʻāpana mākeke e like me nā kelepona paʻalima, ua lilo ia i ʻāpana ulu kiʻekiʻe o ka mākeke pākiki kikohoʻe 3C; i ka makahiki 2018, ua hoʻonui iki ʻia nā ʻeke uila lithium-ion o Kina e 48.57% i 5.2GWh.
Kahiko mana
I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ulu wikiwiki ka mana lithium-ion o Kina, ma muli o ke kākoʻo ikaika o nā kulekele aupuni no ka ʻoihana kaʻa kaʻa hou. I ka makahiki 2018, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka huahana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou o Kina e 50,62% i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka 1,22 miliona mau ʻāpana, a ʻo ka hoʻopuka ʻana he 14,66 mau manawa ma mua o 2014. Ke alakaʻi ʻia e ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mākeke kaʻa kaʻa hou, ua mālama wikiwiki ʻia ka mākeke uila mana o Kina. ulu i 2017-2018. Wahi a nā helu noiʻi, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka mākeke pākahi mana o Kina i ka makahiki 2018 e 46.07% makahiki-ma-makahiki i 65GWh.
Me ka hoʻokō kūhelu o ka ʻōnaehana helu kaʻa ikehu hou, e hoʻonui nā hui kaʻa wahie kuʻuna i ka hoʻolālā o nā kaʻa ikehu hou, a ʻo nā hui haole e like me Volkswagen a me Daimler e hana pū i nā kaʻa ikehu hou ma Kina. ʻO ka noi no ka mākeke pākī uila o Kina e mālama i ke ʻano o ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana, ke manaʻo ʻia nei e hiki i ka CAGR o ka hana pākaukau mana e hiki i 56.32% i nā makahiki ʻelua e hiki mai ana, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana o ka pā uila ma 158.8GWh e 2020.
Ua hoʻomau ka mākeke pākaukau lithium-ion o Kina i ka ulu wikiwiki, ka mea i alakaʻi ʻia e ka ulu wikiwiki o ka mākeke pā uila. I ka makahiki 2018, ʻo nā ʻoihana ʻelima kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka mākeke pākahi mana o Kina i helu ʻia no 71.60% o ka waiwai hoʻopuka, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ka mākeke.
ʻO ka puʻupuʻu mana e hiki mai ana ka ʻenekini ulu nui loa ma ke kahua o nā pā lithium-ion. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia kona ʻano i ka nui o ka ikehu a me ka palekana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā ʻeke uila a me nā pā uila lithium-ion kiʻekiʻe e lilo i kumu nui o ka ulu ʻana i ka mākeke pākaukau lithium-ion, a me nā pā lithium i loko o 6μm. ʻO Copper foil kekahi o nā kumu waiwai nui no nā pā lithium-ion a lilo ia i mea nui o nā ʻoihana koʻikoʻi.
3C pākaukau
I ka makahiki 2018, ua hāʻule ka hana ʻana o ka pā uila uila a Kina e 2.15% makahiki i ka makahiki i 31.8GWh. Manaʻo ʻo GGII he 7.87% ka pā uila uila CAGR i nā makahiki ʻelua e hiki mai ana. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hiki i ka 34GWh i ka 2019 ka nui o ka hana kikohoʻe o Kina i ka 37GWh. hoʻopau i nā kelepona akamai, nā mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, nā drones, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e lilo ana i mea ulu nui o ka mākeke pā uila. kiko.
pākaukau mālama ikehu
ʻOiai ʻo Kina ka nui o ka mākeke lithium-ion e mālama ai i ka ikehu, ua kaupalena ʻia e ke kumu kūʻai a me ka ʻenehana, a aia nō ia i ka wā hoʻolauna mākeke. I ka makahiki 2018, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻopuka ʻana o nā pākahi lithium-ion e mālama ana i ka ikehu o Kina e 48.57% makahiki i ka makahiki i 5.2GWh. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hiki i ka 6.8GWh i ka 2019 ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka ikehu mālama lithium-ion o Kina.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-20-2019