Isano iri hagati ya grafite na semiconducto

Ntabwo ari bibi cyane kuvuga ko grafite ari semiconductor. mubice bimwe byubushakashatsi bwimbibi, ibikoresho bya karubone nka carbone nanotubes, firime ya karubone ya molekile ya karubone na firime ya karubone isa na diyama (inyinshi muri zo zifite ibintu bimwe na bimwe byingenzi bya semiconductor mubihe bimwe na bimwe) ni ibyaibikoresho bya grafite, ariko microstructure yabo itandukanye cyane nuburyo busanzwe bwa grafite.

Muri grafite, hariho electron enye murwego rwo hejuru rwa atome ya karubone, eshatu muri zo zikaba zifitanye isano ya covalent hamwe na electroni yandi atome ya karubone, kuburyo buri atome ya karubone ifite electron eshatu kugirango zibe imiyoboro ya covalent, naho iyisigaye yitwa π electron . Izi π electron zigenda hafi yisanzuye mumwanya uri hagati yurwego, kandi nubushushanyo bwa grafite biterwa ahanini n π electron. Binyuze muburyo bwa chimique, nyuma ya karubone muri grafite ihindutse ikintu gihamye, nka karuboni ya dioxyde, ubwikorezi buracika intege. Niba igishushanyo cya okiside, π electron zizakora imiyoboro ya covalent hamwe na electron ya atome ya ogisijeni, bityo ntishobora kongera kugenda mu bwisanzure, kandi ubwikorezi buzagabanuka cyane. Iri ni ihame ryimyitwarire yaumuyobozi wa grafite.

Inganda ziciriritse zigizwe ahanini n’umuzunguruko uhuriweho, optoelectronics, gutandukanya na sensor. Ibikoresho bishya bya semiconductor bigomba gukurikiza amategeko menshi yo gusimbuza ibikoresho bya silicon gakondo no gutsindira isoko. Ingaruka y'amashanyarazi n'ingaruka za Hall ni amategeko abiri y'ingenzi muri iki gihe. Abahanga mu bya siyansi barebeye hamwe ingaruka za graphene ya graphene ku bushyuhe bw’icyumba basanga graphene itazongera kubyara inyuma nyuma yo guhura n’umwanda, byerekana ko ifite imiterere ihebuje. Graphene ifite ibyiza bya optique kandi izahinduka hamwe nubunini bwayo. Birakwiriye gukoreshwa mubijyanye na optoelectronics. Graphene ifite ibintu byinshi byiza kandi bizakoreshwa mubice byinshi, nka ecran ya ecran, capacitor, sensor nibindi