Mfundo yogwira ntchito ndi ubwino wa hydrogen mafuta cell stack

Mafuta a cell ndi mtundu wa chipangizo chosinthira mphamvu, chomwe chimatha kusintha mphamvu ya electrochemical yamafuta kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Imatchedwa cell cell chifukwa ndi chipangizo chopangira mphamvu ya electrochemical pamodzi ndi batri. Selo lamafuta lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito haidrojeni ngati mafuta ndi cell yamafuta a hydrogen. Mafuta a haidrojeni amatha kumveka ngati momwe ma electrolysis amachitira mu haidrojeni ndi mpweya. Kachitidwe ka hydrogen mafuta cell ndi koyera komanso kothandiza. Ma cell amafuta a haidrojeni samachepetsedwa ndi 42% kutentha kwa Carnot cycle komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zamagalimoto azikhalidwe, ndipo mphamvuyo imatha kufika kupitilira 60%.

Mosiyana ndi maroketi, ma cell amafuta a haidrojeni amapanga mphamvu ya kinetic kudzera mukuchita chiwawa kwa hydrogen ndi kuyaka kwa okosijeni, ndikutulutsa mphamvu yaulere ya Gibbs mu haidrojeni kudzera pazida zothandizira. Mphamvu yaulere ya Gibbs ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yomwe imaphatikizapo entropy ndi malingaliro ena. Mfundo ntchito wa haidrojeni mafuta selo ndi kuti wa haidrojeni amawola mu ayoni haidrojeni (ie mapulotoni) ndi ma elekitironi kudzera chothandizira (Platinum) mu elekitirodi zabwino selo. Ma ayoni a haidrojeni amadutsa mu nembanemba yosinthira pulotoni kupita ku elekitirodi yolakwika ndipo mpweya umachita kukhala madzi ndi kutentha, ndipo ma elekitironi ofananirawo amayenda kuchokera ku elekitirodi yabwino kupita ku elekitirodi yoyipa kudzera kudera lakunja kuti apange mphamvu yamagetsi.

Mumafuta cell stack, zochita za haidrojeni ndi okosijeni zimachitika, ndipo pali kusamutsidwa kwa ndalama mu ndondomekoyi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhalepo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, haidrojeni imachita ndi mpweya kuti ipange madzi.
Monga dziwe lamankhwala, ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri wama cell cell ndi "proton exchange membrane". Mbali ziwiri za filimuyi zili pafupi ndi chothandizira kuti chiwononge haidrojeni mu ma ion opangidwa. Chifukwa chakuti molekyulu ya haidrojeni ndi yaing’ono, ma elekitironi onyamula haidrojeni amatha kutengeka kupita kwina kudzera m’mabowo ang’onoang’ono a filimuyo. Komabe, m’kati mwa ma hydrogen onyamula ma elekitironi akudutsa m’mabowo a filimuyo, ma elekitironi amachotsedwa m’mamolekyuwo, n’kusiya mapulotoni a haidrojeni amene amaikidwa bwino kuti afike mbali ina kudzera mufilimuyo.
Mapulotoni a haidrojeniamakopeka ndi elekitirodi mbali ina ya filimu ndi kuphatikiza ndi mamolekyu okosijeni. Ma elekitirodi mbale mbali zonse za filimu anagawa haidrojeni mu zabwino ayoni haidrojeni ndi ma elekitironi, ndi anagawa mpweya mu maatomu mpweya kugwira ma elekitironi ndi kuwasandutsa ayoni mpweya (magetsi zoipa). Ma elekitironi amapanga mphamvu pakati pa mbale za electrode, ndipo ma ion awiri a haidrojeni ndi ayoni imodzi ya okosijeni amaphatikizana kupanga madzi, omwe amakhala "zinyalala" zokhazo zomwe zimachitika. M'malo mwake, ntchito yonseyi ndiyo kupanga mphamvu. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ma oxidation reaction, ma elekitironi amasamutsidwa mosalekeza kuti apange zomwe zikufunika kuyendetsa galimoto.