ʻO ka loina hana a me nā pono o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka wahie hydrogen

Huila wahiel he ʻano mea hoʻololi ikehu, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ikehu electrochemical o ka wahie i ka ikehu uila. Kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka wahie cell no ka mea he mea hana mana electrochemical me ka pākaukau. A wahie cell e hoʻohana hydrogen i wahie he hydrogen wahie cell. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke ʻano o ka electrolysis wai i loko o ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hydrogen wahie cell maʻemaʻe a maikaʻi. ʻAʻole kaupalena ʻia ka pūnaeau wahie hydrogen e ka 42% thermal efficiency o Carnot cycle i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mīkini kaʻa kuʻuna, a hiki ke piʻi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o 60%.

ʻAʻole e like me nā rockets, hoʻoulu ʻia nā kinipona hydrogen i ka ikehu kinetic ma o ka hopena ikaika o ka hydrogen a me ka puhi ʻana o ka oxygen, a hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu manuahi o Gibbs i ka hydrogen ma o nā mea catalytic. ʻO ka ikehu manuahi ʻo Gibbs kahi ikehu electrochemical e pili ana i ka entropy a me nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka loina hana o ka hydrogen wahie cell, ua decomposed ka hydrogen i loko o nā ion hydrogen (ie protons) a me nā electrons ma o ka catalyst (Platinum) i ka electrode maikaʻi o ke kelepona. Holo nā ion hydrogen i loko o ka membrane hoʻololi proton i ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole a hoʻololi ka oxygen e lilo i wai a me ka wela, a kahe nā electrons pili mai ka electrode maikaʻi i ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole ma o ke kaapuni waho e hoʻohua ai i ka ikehu uila.

I kapahu pahu wahie, Hoʻokō ʻia ka hopena o ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen, a aia ka hoʻoili kālā ma ke kaʻina hana, ka hopena i kēia manawa. I ka manawa like, hana ka hydrogen me ka oxygen e hana i ka wai.
Ma ke ʻano he kolamu hoʻoheheʻe kemika, ʻo ke kumu ʻenehana nui o ka waihona wahie he "membrane hoʻololi proton". ʻO nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni kokoke i ka papa catalyst e hoʻoheheʻe i ka hydrogen i loko o nā ion i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka mole hydrogen, hiki i ka hydrogen lawe electrons ke neʻe i ka ʻaoʻao ma o nā puka liʻiliʻi o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Eia naʻe, i ke kaʻina hana o ka hydrogen e lawe ana i nā electrons e hele ana i loko o nā lua o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā electrons mai nā molekala, e waiho wale ana i nā protons hydrogen i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia e hiki i kekahi hopena ma o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
Nā protons hydrogenua huki ʻia i ka electrode ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni a hui pū me nā moleke oxygen. ʻO nā papa electrode ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hydrogen i loko o nā ion hydrogen maikaʻi a me nā electrons, a hoʻokaʻawale i ka oxygen i nā ʻātoma oxygen e hopu i nā electrons a hoʻohuli iā lākou i nā ion oxygen (negative uila). Hoʻokumu nā Electrons i kēia manawa ma waena o nā papa electrode, a hui pū ʻelua ion hydrogen a me hoʻokahi ion oxygen e hana i ka wai, a lilo ia i "ʻōpala" wale nō i ke kaʻina hana. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ke kaʻina hana holoʻokoʻa ke kaʻina hana mana. Me ka holomua o ka oxidation reaction, e hoʻololi mau ʻia nā electrons e hana i kēia manawa e pono ai e hoʻokele i ke kaʻa.