Kungani i-Silicon njenge-chip ye-semiconductor?

I-semiconductor yinto esetshenziswayo ukuqhutshwa kwayo kukagesi ekushiseni kwegumbi kuphakathi kwaleyo kakhondatha nesivikelo. Njengocingo lwethusi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ucingo lwe-aluminium luyi-conductor, futhi irabha iyisivikelo. Ngokombono we-conductivity: i-semiconductor ibhekisela ku-conductivity elawulekayo, kusukela ku-insulator kuya ku-conductor.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala zama-chips semiconductor, i-silicon yayingeyena umdlali oyinhloko, i-germanium yayiyi. I-transistor yokuqala kwakuyi-germanium based transistor futhi i-chip yokuqala ehlanganisiwe yesekethe kwakuyi-germanium chip.

Kodwa-ke, i-germanium inezinkinga ezinzima kakhulu, njengokushiyeka okuningi kwe-interface kuma-semiconductors, ukungasebenzi kahle kokushisa, kanye nokuminyana okunganele kwama-oxide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-germanium iyinto engavamile, okuqukethwe ku-crust Earth kuyizingxenye ezingu-7 kuphela esigidini ngasinye, futhi ukusatshalaliswa kwe-germanium ore nakho kuhlakazekile kakhulu. Kungenxa yokuthi i-germanium ayivamile kakhulu, ukusatshalaliswa akugxili, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphakeme zezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-germanium; Izinto azivamile, izindleko zempahla eluhlaza ziphezulu, futhi ama-germanium transistors awashibhile noma yikuphi, ngakho-ke ama-germanium transistors anzima ukuwakhiqiza ngobuningi.

Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi, ukugxila kocwaningo kweqa izinga elilodwa, kubheka i-silicon. Kungashiwo ukuthi zonke iziphambeko zokuzalwa ze-germanium ziyizinzuzo zokuzalwa ze-silicon.

1, i-silicon iyisici sesibili esivame kakhulu ngemva komoya-mpilo, kodwa awukwazi ukuthola i-silicon ngokwemvelo, izinhlanganisela zayo ezivame kakhulu i-silica nama-silicates. I-silica ingenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zesihlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-feldspar, i-granite, i-quartz nezinye izinhlanganisela zisekelwe ku-silicon-oxygen compounds.

2. Ukuzinza okushisayo kwe-silicon kuhle, ene-oxide eqinile, ephezulu ye-dielectric engaguquki, ingalungiselela kalula isixhumi esibonakalayo se-silicon-silicon oxide esinokulimala okumbalwa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo.

3. I-Silicon oxide ayincibiliki emanzini (i-germanium oxide ayincibiliki emanzini) futhi ayincibiliki kuma-asidi amaningi, okumane kuwubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta bokugqwala bamabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe. Umkhiqizo ohlangene uyinqubo ehlanganisiwe yepulani yesifunda eqhubekayo kuze kube yilolu suku.