Izinhlobo Ze-Special Graphite

I-graphite ekhethekile iwukuhlanzeka okuphezulu, ukuminyana okuphezulu namandla aphezului-graphiteimpahla futhi inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ukuzinza okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokuhamba kahle kukagesi. Yenziwe nge-graphite yemvelo noma yokwenziwa ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokucubungula ukucindezela okuphezulu futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini zokusebenza ekushiseni okuphezulu, ukucindezela okuphezulu kanye nezindawo ezibolayo.
Ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ezihlanganisa isostaticamabhlogo we-graphite, amabhlogo e-graphite akhishiwe, abunjiweamabhlogo we-graphitefuthi yadlidlizaamabhlogo we-graphite.

Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:
I-graphitei-elementi engeyona eyensimbi eyingqayizivele eyakhiwe ama-athomu ekhabhoni ahlelwe ngesakhiwo se-lattice ene-hexagonal. Kuyimpahla ethambile futhi eqinile evame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zezimboni ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile. I-graphite ingagcina amandla ayo nokuzinza ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-3600 °C. Manje ake ngethule inqubo yokukhiqiza i-graphite ekhethekile.

I-Isostatic graphite, eyenziwe nge-graphite ehlanzekile ngokucindezela, iyinto engenakushintshwa esetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwezithando zomlilo zekristalu eyodwa, amakristalu ensimbi aqhubekayo e-graphite, nama-electrode e-graphite womshini wokukhipha inhlansi kagesi. Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko, isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yama-alloys aqinile (ama-heaters esithandweni somlilo, amapuleti e-sintering, njll.), izimayini (ukwenziwa kwesikhunta se-drill bit), imboni yamakhemikhali (abashintshi bokushisa, izingxenye ezimelana nokugqwala), metallurgy (crucibles), kanye nemishini (mechanical seals).

Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba
Isimiso sobuchwepheshe bokucindezela be-isostatic sisekelwe emthethweni kaPascal. Ishintsha ukucindezelwa kwe-unidirectional (noma kwe-bidirectional) kwempahla ibe yi-compress ene-multi-directional (omnidirectional). Phakathi nenqubo, izinhlayiya zekhabhoni zihlala zisesimweni sokungahlelekile, futhi ukuminyana kwevolumu kufana nezakhiwo ze-isotropic. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ayikho ngaphansi kobude bomkhiqizo, ngaleyo ndlela yenza i-isostatic graphite ingabi nomehluko omncane wokusebenza.
Ngokwezinga lokushisa ukwakheka nokuqinisa okwenzeka ngalo, ubuchwepheshe bokucindezela be-isostatic bungahlukaniswa ngokucindezela okubandayo kwe-isostatic, ukucindezela kwe-isostatic okufudumele, nokucindezela kwe-isostatic okushisayo. Imikhiqizo yokucindezela ye-Isostatic inokuminyana okuphezulu, ngokuvamile okungu-5% kuya ku-15% ngaphezu kwaleyo yemikhiqizo ecindezela isikhunta engaqondile noma ephindwe kabili. Ukuminyana okuhlobene kwemikhiqizo yokucindezela kwe-isostatic kungafinyelela ku-99.8% kuye ku-99.09%.

I-graphite ebunjiwe inokusebenza okuvelele kumandla emishini, ukumelana nokuhuzuka, ukuminyana, ubulukhuni kanye nokuguquguquka kukagesi futhi le midlalo ingathuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo ngokufaka i-resin noma insimbi.
I-graphite ebunjiwe ifaka ukuqhutshwa kahle kagesi, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu, ukuzigcoba, ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo kanye nomshini wokunemba okulula, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokuphonswa okuqhubekayo, i-alloy eqinile kanye ne-electronic die sintering, inhlansi kagesi, mechanical seal, njll.

Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba
Indlela yokubumba ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-graphite enosayizi omncane ocindezelwe obandayo noma imikhiqizo eyakhiwe kahle. Isimiso siwukugcwalisa inani elithile lokunamathisela esikhunjeni sesimo esidingekayo nosayizi, bese usebenzisa ingcindezi evela phezulu noma phansi. Kwesinye isikhathi, sebenzisa ingcindezi kuzo zombili izinkomba ukuze ucindezele ukunamathisela kube ukuma esibunjeni. Umkhiqizo ocindezelwe ocishe uqedwe ube usudilizwa, upholiswe, uhlolwe bese upakishwa.
Kukhona imishini yokubumba eqondile nevundlile. Indlela yokubumba ngokuvamile ingacindezela umkhiqizo owodwa ngesikhathi, ngakho-ke inokukhiqiza okuphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ingakhiqiza imikhiqizo enembayo kakhulu engenziwa obunye ubuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kungathuthukiswa ngokucindezela ngasikhathi sinye isikhunta esiningi kanye nemigqa yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo.

I-graphite enwetshiwe yenziwa ngokuxuba izinhlayiya ze-graphite ezihlanzekile ne-binder bese izikhipha ku-extruder. Uma iqhathaniswa ne-isostatic graphite, i-graphite ekhishiwe inosayizi oqinile wokusanhlamvu namandla aphansi, kodwa inomoya oshisa kakhulu nowogesi.
Njengamanje, imikhiqizo eminingi ye-carbon ne-graphite ikhiqizwa ngendlela ye-extrusion. Zisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengezakhi zokushisa kanye nezingxenye zokushisa ezishisayo ezinkambisweni zokwelashwa kokushisa okuphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhlogo we-graphite nawo angasetshenziswa njengama-electrode ukwenza ukudluliselwa kwamanje kuzinqubo ze-electrolysis. Ngakho-ke, zisetshenziswa kabanzi njengezigxivizo zemishini, izinto ezishisayo ezishisayo kanye nezinto ze-electrode ezindaweni eziyingozi kakhulu ezifana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukucindezela okuphezulu, nesivinini esikhulu.

Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba
Indlela ye-extrusion ukulayisha ukunamathisela kusilinda yokunamathisela yokucindezela bese uyikhipha. Umshini wokunyathelisa ufakwe indandatho ye-extrusion eshintshwayo (ingashintshwa ukuze kushintshwe umumo we-cross-sectional kanye nosayizi womkhiqizo) phambi kwayo, futhi i-baffle ehambayo inikezwa phambi kwendandatho ye-extrusion. I-plunger eyinhloko yomshini wokunyathelisa itholakala ngemuva kwesilinda sokunamathisela.
Ngaphambi kokufaka ingcindezi, faka i-baffle ngaphambi kwendandatho ye-extrusion, futhi usebenzise ingcindezi esuka kolunye uhlangothi ukuze ucindezele unamathisele. Lapho i-baffle isusiwe futhi ingcindezi iqhubeka isetshenziswa, ukunamathisela kukhishwa kusuka kwendandatho ye-extrusion. Sika umucu okhishiwe ube ngobude obufunayo, uphole futhi uwuhlole ngaphambi kokuwunqwabelanisa. Indlela ye-extrusion iyinqubo yokukhiqiza eqhubekayo, okusho ukuthi ngemva kokufakwa kwenani elithile lokunamathisela, imikhiqizo eminingana (amabhlogo we-graphite, izinto ze-graphite) ingakhishwa ngokuqhubekayo.
Njengamanje, imikhiqizo eminingi ye-carbon ne-graphite ikhiqizwa ngendlela ye-extrusion.

I-graphite enyakaziswayo inesakhiwo esifanayo esinosayizi wokusanhlamvu ophakathi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iduma kakhulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe komlotha okuphansi, amandla emishini athuthukisiwe, nokuzinza okuhle kukagesi nokushisayo, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ukucubungula ama-workpieces amakhulu. Ingase futhi iqiniswe ngokuqhubekayo ngemva kokufakwa kwe-resin noma ukwelashwa kwe-anti-oxidation.
Isetshenziswa kabanzi njengento yokushisa neyokushisisa ekukhiqizeni ama-polysilicon nama-monocrystalline silicon furnaces embonini ye-photovoltaic. Ibuye isetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizeni ama-hoods okushisa, izingxenye zokushintsha ukushisa, izinsimbi zokuncibilika nokuphonsa, ukwakhiwa kwama-n node asetshenziswa ezinqubweni ze-electrolytic, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-crucibles okuncibilika nokuhlanganisa.

Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba
Umgomo wokwenza i-graphite enyakaziswayo ukugcwalisa isikhunta ngengxube efana nokunamathisela, bese ubeka ipuleti yensimbi esindayo phezu kwayo. Esinyathelweni esilandelayo, impahla ihlanganiswe ngokudlidliza isikhunta. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-graphite ekhishwe, i-graphite eyakhiwe ukudlidliza ine-isotropy ephakeme. imikhiqizo ye-graphite ikhiqizwa ngendlela ye-extrusion.