Umbonisi wamaseli e-hydrogen fuel cell we-Universal Hydrogen wenze indiza yakhe yokuqala eya eMoss Lake, eWashington, ngesonto eledlule. Indiza yokuhlola ithathe imizuzu engu-15 futhi yafinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha angu-3,500. Inkundla yokuhlola isuselwe ku-Dash8-300, okuyindiza enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ye-hydrogen fuel cell.
Indiza, eteketiswa ngelikaLightning McClean, yasuka eGrant County International Airport (KMWH) ngo-8:45 am ngoMashi 2 futhi yafinyelela endaweni ephakeme ngamafidi angu-3,500 ngemva kwemizuzu engu-15. Indiza, esekelwe esitifiketini se-FAA Special Airworthiness, ingeyokuqala yendiza yokuhlolwa yeminyaka emibili okulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele umvuthwandaba ngo-2025. Indiza, eyaguqulwa isuka kujethi yesifunda i-ATR 72, igcina injini eyodwa kuphela yokuqala ye-fossil fuel turbine ukuze kuphephe, kuyilapho ezinye zinikwa amandla yi-hydrogen emsulwa.
I-Universal Hydrogen ihlose ukuthi imisebenzi yendiza yesifunda inikwe amandla ngokuphelele ngamaseli e-hydrogen fuel ngo-2025. Kulesi sivivinyo, injini enikezwa amandla i-hydrogen fuel cell ehlanzekile ikhipha amanzi kuphela futhi ayingcolisi umkhathi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlola kokuqala, enye injini isasebenza kuphethiloli ojwayelekile. Ngakho-ke uma uyibuka, mkhulu umehluko phakathi kwezinjini kwesokunxele nesokudla, ngisho nobubanzi be-blades nenani lama-blades. Ngokusho kwe-Universal Hydrogren, izindiza ezinikwa amandla ama-hydrogen fuel cell ziphephe kakhudlwana, ishibhile ukusebenza futhi azinawo umthelela omncane emvelweni. Amaseli awo kaphethiloli e-hydrogen ayimodulayo futhi angalayishwa futhi ehliswe ngezindawo zempahla ezikhona zesikhumulo sezindiza, ukuze isikhumulo sezindiza sikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokugcwaliswa kwezindiza ezisebenza nge-hydrogen ngaphandle kokuguqulwa. Ngokombono, amajethi amakhulu angenza okufanayo, nama-turbofans anikwa amandla amaseli e-hydrogen fuel okulindeleke ukuthi asetshenziswe maphakathi nawo-2030s.
Eqinisweni, uPaul Eremenko, umsunguli kanye ne-CEO ye-Universal Hydrogen, ukholelwa ukuthi ama-jetliners kuzodingeka asebenze nge-hydrogen ehlanzekile maphakathi nawo-2030s, ngaphandle kwalokho imboni kuzofanele inciphise izindiza ukuze ihlangabezane nemigomo ephoqelekile yokukhipha umoya embonini yonke. Umphumela ungaba ukwenyuka okukhulu kwamanani amathikithi kanye nomshikashika wokuthola ithikithi. Ngakho-ke, kuyaphuthuma ukukhuthaza ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezindiza ezinamandla ezintsha. Kodwa le ndiza yokuqala iphinde inikeze ithemba embonini.
Lo msebenzi wenziwa u-Alex Kroll, owayengumshayeli wendiza wokuhlola we-US Air Force kanye nomshayeli wokuhlola ophambili wenkampani. Uthe ohambweni lwesibili lokuhlola, ukwazile ukundiza ngokuphelele ngama-hydrogen fuel cell generator, ngaphandle kokuthembela ezinjinini zakudala zikaphethiloli. "Indiza eshintshiwe isebenza kahle kakhulu futhi isistimu yamandla kagesi we-hydrogen ikhiqiza umsindo omncane nokudlidliza kunezinjini ezijwayelekile zomoya," kusho u-Kroll.
I-Universal Hydrogen inama-oda amaningi abagibeli amajethi esifunda asebenza nge-hydrogen, okuhlanganisa i-Connect Airlines, inkampani yaseMelika. UJohn Thomas, isikhulu esiphezulu sale nkampani, ubize indiza ye-Lightning McClain ngokuthi "i-ground zero ye-decarbonization embonini yezindiza emhlabeni jikelele."
Kungani izindiza ezisebenza nge-hydrogen ziyinketho yokunciphisa i-carbon endizeni?
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kubeka ezokuthutha emoyeni engozini emashumini eminyaka ezayo.
Izindiza zikhipha i-carbon dioxide elingana nengxenye eyodwa kwesithupha njengezimoto namaloli, ngokwe-World Resources Institute, iqembu elingenzi nzuzo elizinze eWashington. Nokho, izindiza zithwala abagibeli abambalwa kakhulu ngosuku kunezimoto namaloli.
Izinkampani zezindiza ezine ezinkulu (iMelika, i-United, iDelta kanye neNingizimu-ntshonalanga) zenyuse ukusetshenziswa kwazo kukaphethiloli wejethi ngamaphesenti ayi-15 phakathi kuka-2014 no-2019. Nokho, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izindiza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezinekhabhoni ephansi ziye zafakwa ekukhiqizeni, amanani abagibeli abelokhu ekhona. umkhuba owehlayo kusukela ngo-2019.
Izinkampani zezindiza zizibophezele ekubeni zingathathi hlangothi maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka, futhi ezinye zitshale kumafutha esimeme ukuze izindiza zibambe iqhaza elikhulu ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu.
Amafutha aqhubekayo (ama-SAF) ama-biofuels enziwe ngamafutha okupheka, amafutha ezilwane, imfucumfucu kamasipala noma ezinye imfuyo. Uphethiloli ungahlanganiswa nezibaseli ezivamile ukuze unike amandla izinjini zejethi futhi ususetshenziswa kakade ezindizeni zokuhlola ngisho nasezindizeni zabagibeli ezihleliwe. Nokho, uphethiloli oqhubekayo uyabiza, cishe ngokuphindwe kathathu kunophethiloli wejethi ovamile. Njengoba izinkampani zezindiza eziningi zithenga futhi zisebenzisa amafutha okushisa aqhubekayo, amanani azokhuphuka kakhulu. Abameli baphishekela izikhuthazo ezifana nekhefu lentela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa.
Izibaseli ezisimeme zibonwa njengophethiloli webhuloho onganqamula ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa impumelelo enkulu njengendiza esebenza ngogesi noma ye-hydrogen. Eqinisweni, lobu buchwepheshe kungenzeka bungasetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokundiza eminye iminyaka engama-20 noma engama-30.
Izinkampani zizama ukuklama nokwakha izindiza ezisebenza ngogesi, kodwa eziningi ziyizindiza ezincane, ezinjengendiza enophephela emhlane ezisukayo futhi zehle zibheke phezulu futhi zibambe idlanzana labagibeli.
Ukwenza indiza enkulu kagesi ekwazi ukuthwala abagibeli abangu-200 -- okulingana nendiza evamile yosayizi omaphakathi -- kuzodinga amabhethri amakhulu kanye nezikhathi zendiza ezinde. Ngalelo zinga, amabhethri kuzodingeka abe nesisindo esiphindwe izikhathi ezingu-40 kunesikaphethiloli wendiza ukuze ashajwe aphelele. Kodwa izindiza zikagesi ngeke zenzeke ngaphandle kwenguquko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri.
Amandla e-Hydrogen iyithuluzi elisebenzayo lokuthola ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephansi futhi adlala indima engenakushintshwa ekuguqukeni kwamandla omhlaba. Inzuzo enkulu yamandla e-hydrogen ngaphezu kweminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ukuthi ingagcinwa ngezinga elikhulu kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka. Phakathi kwazo, i-hydrogen eluhlaza yiyona ndlela kuphela yokukhishwa kwe-decarbonization ejulile ezimbonini eziningi, kuhlanganise nezimboni zezimboni ezimelelwe i-petrochemical, insimbi, imboni yamakhemikhali kanye nemboni yezokuthutha emelwe izindiza. Ngokusho kwe-International Commission on Hydrogen Energy, imakethe yamandla e-hydrogen kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku- $ 2.5 trillion ngo-2050.
"I-Hydrogen ngokwayo inguphethiloli olula kakhulu," uDan Rutherford, umcwaningi wezimoto nezindiza e-International Council on Clean Transportation, iqembu lezemvelo, etshela i-Associated Press. "Kodwa udinga amathangi amakhulu ukuze ugcine i-hydrogen, futhi ithangi ngokwalo lisinda kakhulu."
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezithiyo kanye nezithiyo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-hydrogen fuel. Isibonelo, ingqalasizinda entsha enkulu nemba eqolo izodingeka ezikhumulweni zezindiza ukuze kugcinwe igesi ye-hydrogen epholile ibe uketshezi.
Noma kunjalo, uRutherford uhlala enethemba ngokuqapha nge-hydrogen. Ithimba lakhe likholelwa ukuthi izindiza ezisebenza nge-hydrogen zizokwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha angu-2,100 ngo-2035.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-16-2023