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Indlela yokwenza kusebenze ngokomzimba namakhemikhali
Indlela yokwenza kusebenze ngokomzimba namakhemikhali ibhekisela endleleni yokulungisa izinto ezimbotshana ngokuhlanganisa lezi zindlela ezimbili ezingenhla zokwenza kusebenze. Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza kwamakhemikhali kwenziwa kuqala, bese kwenziwa kusebenze ngokomzimba. Okokuqala cwilisa i-cellulose ku-68% ~ 85% yesisombululo se-H3PO4 ku-85℃ amahora angu-2, bese uyifaka ngekhabhoni esithandweni se-muffle amahora angu-4, bese uyivula nge-CO2. Indawo ethize yekhabhoni ecushiwe etholwe yayiphezulu njenge-3700m2·g-1. Zama ukusebenzisa i-sisal fibre njengempahla eluhlaza, futhi wenze i-activated carbon fibre (ACF) etholwe ngokwenza kusebenze i-H3PO4 kanye, uyishisise ibe ngu-830 ℃ ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwe-N2, wabe esesebenzisa umhwamuko wamanzi njengesivusi sokuqalisa ukusebenza kwesibili. Indawo ethize ye-ACF etholwe ngemuva kwe-60min yokusebenza ithuthukiswe kakhulu.
Ukulingiswa kokusebenza kwesakhiwo se-pore sokucushiweikhabhoni
Izindlela zokulingisa ukusebenza kwekhabhoni esebenza ngokujwayelekile ezisetshenziswa kanye nezikhombisi-ndlela zohlelo lokusebenza ziboniswa kuThebula 2. Izici zesakhiwo sembotshana yezinto ezibonakalayo zingahlolwa kusuka ezicini ezimbili: ukuhlaziywa kwedatha nokuhlaziywa kwesithombe.
Inqubekelaphambili yocwaningo lwe-pore structure optimization technology ye-activated carbon
Nakuba ikhabhoni ecushiwe inezimbotshana ezinothile kanye nendawo enkulu ethile, isebenza kahle kakhulu emikhakheni eminingi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokukhethwa kwayo okubanzi kwempahla eluhlaza kanye nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulungiselela, imikhiqizo eqediwe ngokuvamile inobubi besakhiwo se-pore esinesiphithiphithi, indawo ethile ethile ehlukile, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezimbotshana eziphazamisekile, kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezingaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ukungalungi okufana nomthamo omkhulu kanye nokuvumelana nezimo okuwumngcingo ohlelweni lokufaka isicelo, okungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ngcono nokulawula isakhiwo kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwaso okuphelele kokusetshenziswa. Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuthuthukisa nokulawula ukwakheka kwezimbotshana zifaka ukulawulwa kwamakhemikhali, ukuxutshwa kwe-polymer, kanye nomthetho wokwenza kusebenze i-catalytic.
Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula amakhemikhali
Ubuchwepheshe bokulawulwa kwamakhemikhali bubhekisela enqubweni yokwenza kusebenze kwesibili (ukuguqulwa) kwezinto ezinama-porous ezitholwe ngemva kokusebenza ngama-reagents amakhemikhali, ukuguguleka kwama-pores okuqala, ukwandisa ama-micropores, noma ukuqhubeka nokudala ama-micropores amasha ukwandisa indawo ethile kanye nesakhiwo se-pore sezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokuvamile, umkhiqizo oqediwe wokwenza kusebenze okukodwa ngokuvamile ucwiliswa ezikhathini ezingu-0.5 ~ 4 zesisombululo samakhemikhali ukuze ulawule ukwakheka kwezimbotshana nokwandisa indawo ethile. Zonke izinhlobo ze-asidi nezixazululo ze-alkali zingasetshenziswa njengama-reagents okwenziwa kusebenze kwesibili.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula i-Acid surface oxidation
Ukuguqulwa kwe-acid surface oxidation kuyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa yokulawula. Ezingeni lokushisa elifanele, ama-acid oxidants angacebisa izimbotshana ezingaphakathi kwekhabhoni ecushiwe, athuthukise usayizi wayo wembotshana, futhi akhiphe nezimbotshana ezivinjiwe. Njengamanje, ucwaningo lwasekhaya nolwangaphandle lugxile kakhulu ekuguqulweni kwama-asidi angaphili. I-HN03 iyi-oxidant evame ukusetshenziswa, futhi izazi eziningi zisebenzisa i-HN03 ukuze ziguqule ikhabhoni ecushiwe. Tong Li et al. [28] ithole ukuthi i-HN03 ingakhuphula okuqukethwe kwamaqembu asebenzayo aqukethe umoya-mpilo kanye ne-nitrogen ebusweni bekhabhoni ecushiwe futhi ithuthukise umphumela we-adsorption we-mercury.
Ukulungisa ikhabhoni ecushiwe nge-HN03, ngemva kokuguqulwa, indawo ethize yekhabhoni ecushiwe yehla isuka ku-652m2·g-1 yaya ku-241m2·g-1, isilinganiso sobukhulu bembotshana sikhuphuke sisuka ku-1.27nm saya ku-1.641nm, kanye nomthamo we-adsorption we-benzophenone kuphethiloli olingisiwe kwenyuke ngo-33.7%. Ukulungisa ikhabhoni ecushiwe yokhuni nge-10% kanye ne-70% yevolumu yokugxila kwe-HN03, ngokulandelanayo. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi indawo ethize ye-carbon ecushiwe eshintshwe ngo-10% HN03 inyuke isuka ku-925.45m2 · g-1 yaya ku-960.52m2 · g-1; ngemva kokuguqulwa nge-70% HN03, indawo ethile yendawo yehla yaya ku-935.89m2 · g-1. Amazinga okususwa kwe-Cu2+ ngekhabhoni ecushiwe eshintshwe ngokugxilisa okubili kwe-HN03 ayengaphezu kuka-70% no-90%, ngokulandelana.
Kukhabhoni ecushiwe esetshenziswa emkhakheni we-adsorption, umphumela we-adsorption awuncikile kuphela ekwakhekeni kwezimbotshana kodwa nasezimpahleni zamakhemikhali ezingaphezulu ze-adsorbent. Isakhiwo sezimbotshana sinquma indawo ethile engaphezulu namandla okukhangisa ekhabhoni ecushiwe, kuyilapho izici zamakhemikhali ezingaphezulu zithinta ukuxhumana phakathi kwekhabhoni ecushiwe ne-adsorbate. Ekugcineni kwatholakala ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwe-asidi ye-carbon ecushiwe akukwazi nje ukulungisa isakhiwo se-pore ngaphakathi kwekhabhoni ecushiwe futhi kusule ama-pores avinjiwe, kodwa futhi kwandise okuqukethwe kwamaqembu ane-acidic ebusweni bento futhi kuthuthukise i-polarity kanye ne-hydrophilicity ebusweni. . Umthamo we-adsorption we-EDTA ngekhabhoni ecushiwe elungiswe yi-HCI ukhuphuke ngo-49.5% uma uqhathaniswa nalowo wangaphambi kokuguqulwa, owawungcono kunalowo wokuguqulwa kwe-HNO3.
Ikhabhoni ecushiwe yezentengiselwano eguquliwe ene-HNO3 ne-H2O2 ngokulandelana! Izindawo ezithile ezingaphezulu ngemva kokuguqulwa zazingama-91.3% kanye nama-80.8% alezo zangaphambi kokuguqulwa, ngokulandelana. Amaqembu amasha asebenzayo aqukethe umoya-mpilo njenge-carboxyl, i-carbonyl ne-phenol angezwe phezulu. Umthamo we-adsorption we-nitrobenzene ngokuguqulwa kwe-HNO3 wawungcono kakhulu, owawuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-3.3 ngaphambi kokuguqulwa.Kutholakala ukuthi ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwamaqembu asebenzayo aqukethe umoya-mpilo ku-carbon ecushiwe ngemva kokuguqulwa kwe-asidi kuholele ekwandeni kwenani lendawo. amaphuzu asebenzayo, abe nomthelela oqondile ekuthuthukiseni umthamo we-adsorption we-adsorbate eqondiwe.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-acids angaphili, kunemibiko embalwa ngokuguqulwa kwe-organic acid yekhabhoni ecushiwe. Qhathanisa imiphumela yokuguqulwa kwe-organic acid kuzakhiwo ze-pore ze-carbon activated kanye ne-adsorption ye-methanol. Ngemva kokuguqulwa, indawo ethile engaphezulu kanye nenani lembotshana eliphelele lekhabhoni ecushiwe liyehla. Uma i-acidity inamandla, iyancipha kakhulu. Ngemva kokuguqulwa nge-oxalic acid, i-tartaric acid ne-citric acid, indawo ethile yekhabhoni ecushiwe yehla ukusuka ku-898.59m2 · g-1 kuya ku-788.03m2 · g-1, 685.16m2 · g-1 kanye no-622.98m2 · g-1 ngokulandelana. Kodwa-ke, i-microporosity ye-carbon activated yanda ngemva kokuguqulwa. I-microporosity ye-carbon activated modified nge-citric acid inyuke isuka ku-75.9% yaya ku-81.5%.
Ukuguqulwa kwe-oxalic acid ne-tartaric acid kunenzuzo ekukhangisweni kwe-methanol, kuyilapho i-citric acid inomphumela ovimbelayo. Nokho, uJ.Paul Chen et al. [35] ithole ukuthi ikhabhoni ecushiwe eshintshwe nge-citric acid ingathuthukisa ukukhangiswa kwama-ion ethusi. U-Lin Tang et al. [36] ikhabhoni ecushiwe yezentengiselwano ene-formic acid, i-oxalic acid ne-aminosulfonic acid. Ngemuva kokuguqulwa, indawo ethize yendawo kanye nevolumu ye-pore iyancishiswa. Amaqembu asebenzayo aqukethe umoya-mpilo njenge-0-HC-0, C-0 kanye ne-S=0 akhiwe ebusweni bomkhiqizo oqediwe, futhi kwavela amashaneli angafakiwe angalingani namakristalu amhlophe. Umthamo wokulinganisa we-adsorption we-acetone ne-isopropanol nawo anda kakhulu.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwesisombululo se-alkali
Ezinye izazi ziphinde zasebenzisa isixazululo se-alkaline ukwenza kusebenze okwesibili kukhabhoni ecushiwe. Gxumisa ikhabhoni eyenziwe yasebenza ngamalahle ngesisombululo se-Na0H sokugxila okuhlukile ukuze ulawule ukwakheka kwezimbotshana. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukuhlushwa kwe-alkali ephansi kwakuhambisana nokwanda kwama-pore nokwanda. Umphumela omuhle kakhulu ufinyelelwe lapho ukugxilwa kwesisindo kwakungama-20%. Ikhabhoni ecushiwe yayinendawo ephakeme kakhulu ethize (681m2·g-1) kanye nevolumu yembotshana (0.5916cm3·g-1). Lapho ukugcwala kwe-Na0H kudlula ama-20%, ukwakheka kwembotshana ye-carbon ecushiwe kuyabhujiswa futhi imingcele yesakhiwo se-pore iqala ukwehla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukugxila okuphezulu kwesisombululo se-Na0H kuzogqwala i-carbon skeleton futhi inani elikhulu lama-pores lizowa.
Ilungiselela ukusebenza okuphezulu kwekhabhoni ecushiwe ngokuxuba kwe-polymer. Izandulela kwakuyi-furfural resin ne-furfuryl alcohol, kanti i-ethylene glycol yayiyi-ejenti eyenza ama-pore. Isakhiwo se-pore sasilawulwa ngokulungisa okuqukethwe kwama-polymers amathathu, futhi impahla enezimbotshana enobukhulu obuphakathi kuka-0.008 no-5 μm yatholwa. Ezinye izazi ziye zafakazela ukuthi ifilimu ye-polyurethane-imide (PUI) ingafakwa ngekhabhoni ukuze ithole ifilimu ye-carbon, futhi isakhiwo se-pore singalawulwa ngokushintsha ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana e-polyurethane (PU) prepolymer [41]. Uma i-PUI ishiselwa ku-200°C, kuzokwenziwa i-PU ne-polyimide (PI). Lapho izinga lokushisa lokwelapha ukushisa likhuphukela ku-400 ° C, i-PU pyrolysis ikhiqiza igesi, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwesakhiwo se-pore kwifilimu ye-PI. Ngemuva kwe-carbonization, ifilimu ye-carbon itholakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokuhlanganisa i-polymer ingabuye ithuthukise izici ezithile zomzimba nezomshini zento ethile ngokwezinga elithile
I-Catalytic activation regulation technology
Ubuchwepheshe be-Catalytic activation regulation empeleni buyinhlanganisela yendlela yokwenza kusebenze amakhemikhali kanye nendlela yokwenza kusebenze igesi enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa. Ngokuvamile, izinto zamakhemikhali zengezwa ezintweni zokusetshenziswa njengama-catalysts, futhi ama-catalysts asetshenziselwa ukusiza inqubo ye-carbonization noma i-activation ukuthola izinto ze-porous carbon. Ngokuvamile, izinsimbi ngokuvamile zinemiphumela evuselelayo, kodwa imiphumela ye-catalytic iyahlukahluka.
Eqinisweni, ngokuvamile awukho umngcele osobala phakathi kokulawula ukwenziwa kusebenze kwamakhemikhali kanye nokulawulwa kokuvula okunamandla kwezinto ezimbotshana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zombili izindlela zengeza ama-reagents ngesikhathi se-carbonization kanye nenqubo yokwenza kusebenze. Iqhaza elithile lalezi ziqinisekiso linquma ukuthi ingabe indlela ingeyesigaba sokwenza kusebenze i-catalytic.
Isakhiwo se-porous carbon material ngokwayo, izakhiwo zomzimba kanye namakhemikhali we-catalyst, izimo ze-catalytic reaction kanye nendlela yokulayisha i-catalyst konke kungaba nethonya elihlukile kumphumela wokulawula. Ukusebenzisa amalahle e-bituminous njengempahla eluhlaza, i-Mn(N03)2 ne-Cu(N03)2 njengama-catalysts kungalungisa izinto ezimbotshana eziqukethe ama-oxide ensimbi. Inani elifanele lama-oxide ensimbi lingathuthukisa i-porosity kanye nevolumu yembotshana, kodwa imiphumela ye-catalytic yezinsimbi ezahlukene ihluke kancane. I-Cu(N03)2 ingakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimbotshana kububanzi obungu-1.5~2.0nm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-oxide ensimbi nosawoti we-inorganic aqukethwe kumlotha wezinto ezingavuthiwe nawo azodlala indima ebambekayo enqubweni yokuvula. U-Xie Qiang et al. [42] wayekholelwa ukuthi ukwenza kusebenze kwezakhi ezifana ne-calcium nensimbi ku-inorganic matter kungakhuthaza ukukhula kwezimbotshana. Uma okuqukethwe kwalezi zakhi ezimbili kuphezulu kakhulu, ingxenye yama-pores aphakathi nendawo enkulu emkhiqizweni ikhula kakhulu.
Isiphetho
Nakuba ikhabhoni ecushiwe, njengenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu eziluhlaza okotshani, ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile embonini nempilo, isenamandla amakhulu okuthuthuka ekwandiseni impahla eluhlaza, ukunciphisa izindleko, ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla, ukwandiswa kwempilo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla. . Ukuthola izinto ezisetshenziswayo zekhabhoni ezicushiwe ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezishibhile, ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ikhabhoni ecushiwe ehlanzekile futhi esebenzayo, nokwenza kahle kanye nokulawula ukwakheka kwe-pore yekhabhoni ecushiwe ngokuya ngemikhakha ehlukene yohlelo lokusebenza kuzoba isiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yekhabhoni ecushiwe kanye nokukhuthaza. ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni yekhabhoni ecushiwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-27-2024