Imboni yempahla yama-electrode engemihle yamukela ushintsho olusha lwemakethe.
Izuza ekukhuleni kwesidingo semakethe yebhethri lamandla eChina, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ye-anode yaseChina kanye nenani lokukhiphayo kukhuphuke ngo-2018, okuqhubekisela phambili ukukhula kwezinkampani zezinto ze-anode.
Kodwa-ke, okuthintwa uxhaso, ukuncintisana kwemakethe, ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nentengo yomkhiqizo ehlayo, ukuqoqwa kwemakethe kwezinto ze-anode kukhuphuke kakhulu, futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwemboni kungene esigabeni esisha.
Njengamanje, njengoba imboni ingena esigabeni "sokunciphisa izindleko kanye nekhwalithi ekhulayo", i-graphite yemvelo ephezulu kanye nemikhiqizo ye-graphite yokwenziwa ingasheshisa ukushintshwa kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphansi ze-anode, okwenza ukuncintisana kwemakethe ye-anode materials industry ithuthuke.
Ngombono ovundlile, izinkampani zamanje zezinto zogesi ezingezinhle noma izinkampani ezisohlwini noma ama-IPO azimele zifuna ukusekelwa ukuze zithole ukwesekwa kwezimali, zisize izinkampani zandise umthamo wokukhiqiza futhi zithuthukise imikhiqizo emisha. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkampani ze-anode ezincane nezimaphakathi ezingenazo izinzuzo ezincintisanayo ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nobuchwepheshe kanye nesisekelo samakhasimende kuzoba nzima kakhulu.
Ngokombono oqondile, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi kanye nokunciphisa izindleko, izinkampani zezinto ezingasebenzi kahle zama-electrode ziye zandisa umthamo wazo wokukhiqiza futhi zanwetshwa embonini yokucubungula i-graphitization ekhuphukayo, zehlisa izindleko ngokwandisa umthamo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza, futhi zathuthukisa ngokwengeziwe ukuncintisana kwazo.
Ngokungangabazeki, ukuhlanganiswa nokutholwa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinsiza phakathi kwezimboni kanye nokwandiswa kwemboni yokucubungula i-graphitization ezakhelwe ngokwayo kuzonciphisa abahlanganyeli bemakethe, kusheshise ukuqedwa kwababuthakathaka, futhi kancane kancane kuhlakaze amaphethini okuncintisana "amathathu amakhulu namancane" akhiwe ngezinto ezimbi. Izinga lokuncintisana lemakethe ye-anode yepulasitiki.
Ukuncintisana ngesakhiwo se-graphitization
Njengamanje, ukuncintisana embonini ye-anode yasekhaya kusenzima kakhulu. Kunomncintiswano phakathi kwezinkampani ze-echelon zesigaba sokuqala sokuthatha isikhundla esiholayo. Kukhona futhi ama-echelon esigaba sesibili akhulisa amandla awo. Nisukelana ukuze ninciphise ukuncintisana namabhizinisi omugqa wokuqala. Eminye yengcindezi engaba khona yabaqhudelana nabo abasha.
Iqhutshwa isidingo semakethe samabhethri kagesi, ingxenye yemakethe ye-graphite yokwenziwa iyaqhubeka nokukhula ukuze ihlinzeke ngesidingo sokunwetshwa kwamandla ezinkampani ze-anode.
Kusukela ngo-2018, amaphrojekthi amakhulu okutshalwa kwezimali asekhaya ezinto zokwakha ze-anode asetshenziswe ngokulandelana, futhi izinga lokukhiqiza komuntu ngamunye selifinyelele amathani angama-50,000 noma amathani ayi-100,000 ngonyaka, ikakhulukazi ngokususelwa kumaphrojekthi wokwenziwa we-graphite.
Phakathi kwazo, izinkampani ze-echelon zesigaba sokuqala ziqhubeka nokuhlanganisa isikhundla sazo semakethe futhi zinciphise izindleko ngokwandisa umthamo wazo wokukhiqiza. Izinkampani zesigaba sesibili ze-echelon zisondela eduze kwe-echelon yomugqa wokuqala ngokukhuliswa kwamandla, kodwa azikho ukusekelwa okwanele kwezezimali kanye nokuntuleka kokuncintisana emikhiqizweni emisha kanye nobuchwepheshe.
Izinkampani ze-echelon zesigaba sokuqala nesesibili, okuhlanganisa i-Beitray, i-Shanshan Technology, i-Jiangxi Zijing, i-Kaijin Energy, i-Xiangfenghua, i-Shenzhen Snow, ne-Jiangxi Zhengtuo, kanye nabasanda kungena, bakhulise umthamo wabo wokukhiqiza njengendawo yokungena ukuze bathuthukise ukuncintisana kwabo. Isisekelo sokwakha amandla sigxile kakhulu e-Inner Mongolia noma eNyakatho-ntshonalanga.
I-Graphitization ibiza cishe u-50% wezindleko ze-anode, ngokuvamile ngendlela ye-subcontracting. Ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi kuthuthukiswe inzuzo yomkhiqizo, izinkampani zezinto ze-anode zizakhele okwazo ukucubungula i-graphitization njengesakhiwo samasu sokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwazo.
E-Inner Mongolia, ngezinsiza zayo eziningi kanye nenani eliphansi likagesi elingu-0.36 yuan / KWh (ubuncane ukuya ku-0.26 yuan / KWh), isiphenduke indawo yokuzikhethela kwesitshalo se-graphite yebhizinisi le-electrode elingalungile. Kubandakanya i-Shanshan, i-Jiangxi Zijing, i-Shenzhen Snow, i-Dongguan Kaijin, i-Xinxin New Materials, i-Guangrui New Energy, njll., wonke anomthamo we-graphitization e-Inner Mongolia.
Umthamo omusha wokukhiqiza uzokhishwa kusukela ku-2018. Kulindeleke ukuthi umthamo wokukhiqiza we-graphitization e-Inner Mongolia uzokhishwa ngo-2019, futhi imali yokucubungula i-graphitization izobuyela emuva.
Ngo-Agasti 3, isisekelo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni se-lithium battery anode material - ukukhiqizwa konyaka kwe-Shanshan Technology kwamathani angu-100,000 we-anode material base Baotou iphrojekthi eyisisekelo edidiyelwe yafakwa ngokusemthethweni esiFundeni saseQingshan, eDolobheni laseBaotou.
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi iShanshan Technology inotshalomali lwaminyaka yonke lwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-3.8 kusisekelo esihlanganisiwe se-anode se-anode esingamathani ayi-100,000 sezinto ze-anode. Ngemuva kokuthi iphrojekthi isiqediwe futhi ifakwe ekukhiqizweni, ingakhiqiza amathani angama-60,000 wezinto ze-graphite anode kanye namathani angama-40,000 wezinto zokwakha ze-graphite anode. Umthamo wonyaka wokukhiqiza amathani angama-50,000 wokucubungula i-graphitization.
Ngokusho kwedatha yocwaningo evela ku-Institute of Advanced Research and Development of Lithium Power Research (GGII), ukuthunyelwa okuphelele kwezinto ezisetshenziswa yi-lithium battery anode e-China kufinyelele amathani ayi-192,000 ngo-2018, okuwukunyuka konyaka nonyaka ngama-31.2%. Phakathi kwazo, ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ze-anode ze-Shanshan Technology kukleliswe endaweni yesibili embonini, kanti ukuthunyelwa kwamagraphite okwenziwa kukleliswe kuqala.
“Singu-100 000 wamathani okukhiqiza kulo nyaka. Ngonyaka ozayo nangonyaka olandelayo, sizokwandisa umthamo wokukhiqiza ngokushesha, futhi sizowaqonda ngokushesha amandla entengo emboni ngezinga nokusebenza kwezindleko.” UZheng Yonggang, uSihlalo weShanshan Holdings Board of Directors uthe.
Ngokusobala, isu lika-Shanshan liwukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ngokwandisa umthamo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kube ukulawula ukuxoxisana komkhiqizo, futhi kwakhe umthelela wemakethe oqinile kwezinye izinkampani zezinto ezingezinhle zikagesi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe futhi kuhlanganiswe isabelo sayo semakethe. Ukuze ungenzi lutho ngokuphelele, ezinye izinkampani zama-electrode ezingezinhle ngokwemvelo kufanele zijoyine ithimba lokunweba umthamo, kodwa eziningi zazo zingamandla okukhiqiza asezingeni eliphansi.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nakuba izinkampani zezinto ze-anode zandisa amandla azo okukhiqiza, njengoba izidingo zokusebenza zemikhiqizo yebhethri yamandla ziqhubeka nokwanda, izidingo eziphakeme zibekwe ekusebenzeni komkhiqizo wezinto ze-anode. Imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu ye-graphite yemvelo kanye ne-artificial graphite isheshisa ukushintshwa kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphansi ze-anode, okusho ukuthi inani elikhulu lamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo alikwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo samabhethri aphezulu.
Ukugxila emakethe kuthuthukiswa nakakhulu
Njengemakethe yebhethri lamandla, ukugxila kwemakethe yezinto ze-anode kuyanda, nezinkampani ezimbalwa eziyinhloko ezithatha isabelo semakethe esikhulu.
Izibalo ze-GGII zikhombisa ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2018, ukuthunyelwa okuphelele kwe-lithium battery anode materials kwafinyelela amathani ayi-192,000, okuwukunyuka kwama-31.2%.
Phakathi kwabo, i-Betray, i-Shanshan Technology, i-Jiangxi Zijing, i-Dongguan Kaijin, i-Xiangfenghua, i-Zhongke Xingcheng, i-Jiangxi Zhengtuo, i-Shenzhen Snow, i-Shenzhen Jinrun, i-Changsha Geji nezinye izinkampani ezingezinhle ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kweshumi.
Ngo-2018, ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ze-TOP4 ze-anode kudlule amathani angama-25,000, kanti isabelo semakethe se-TOP4 safinyelela ku-71%, sakhuphuka ngamaphesenti ama-4 ukusuka ku-2017, kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamabhizinisi nezinkampani ezinkulu ngemuva kwendawo yesihlanu. Igebe levolumu liyakhula. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi iphethini yokuncintisana yemakethe yebhethri yamandla ibe nezinguquko ezinkulu, okuholele ekushintsheni kwephethini yokuncintisana yezinto ze-anode.
Izibalo ze-GGII zikhombisa ukuthi umthamo ofakiwe webhethri lamandla waseChina engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2019 wawucishe ube ngu-30.01GWh, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngonyaka ngama-93%. Phakathi kwazo, isamba samandla afakiwe ezinkampani eziyishumi eziphezulu zamabhethri anamandla alinganiselwa ku-26.38GWh, alinganiselwa ku-88% wayo yonke.
Phakathi kwezinkampani eziyishumi eziphezulu zebhethri lamandla ngokwamandla aphelele afakiwe, inkathi ye-Ningde, BYD, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, ne-Lishen kuphela aphakathi kweziyishumi eziphezulu, futhi izilinganiso zezinye izinkampani zamabhethri ziyashintshashintsha njalo ngenyanga.
Ithintwa izinguquko emakethe yebhethri lamandla, ukuncintisana kwemakethe yezinto ze-anode nakho kushintshile ngokufanele. Phakathi kwazo, i-Shanshan Technology, i-Jiangxi Zijing ne-Dongguan Kaijin ikakhulukazi yenziwe imikhiqizo ye-graphite yokwenziwa. Ashayelwa yiqembu lamakhasimende eqophelo eliphezulu njengeNingde Times, BYD, Yiwei Lithium Energy neLishen Battery. Ukuthunyelwa kwanda kakhulu futhi isabelo semakethe sanda.
Ezinye zezinkampani zezinto ezingezinhle zama-electrode zithole ukwehla okukhulu kumthamo ofakiwe wemikhiqizo yebhethri engalungile yenkampani ngo-2018.
Uma sibheka ukuncintisana kwamanje emakethe yamabhethri anamandla, imakethe yezinkampani zamabhethri eziyishumi eziphezulu iphezulu cishe cishe ngama-90%, okusho ukuthi amathuba emakethe ezinye izinkampani zamabhethri aya ngokuya anda, abese edluliselwa enhla nomfula. i-anode materials field, okwenza iqembu lamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo anode abhekane nengcindezi enkulu yokusinda.
I-GGII ikholelwa ukuthi eminyakeni emithathu ezayo, ukuncintisana emakethe yezinto ze-anode kuzoqhubeka kuqina, futhi umthamo wokuphindaphinda ophansi uzosuswa. Amabhizinisi anobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo namashaneli amakhasimende anenzuzo azokwazi ukuzuza ukukhula okubalulekile.
Imakethe izothuthukiswa nakakhulu. Emabhizinisini ezinto ze-anode zomugqa wesibili nowesithathu, ingcindezi yokusebenza ngokungangabazeki izokhuphuka, futhi idinga ukuhlela indlela eya phambili.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-09-2019