"Iphi imoto kaphethiloli imbi, kungani kufanele sakhe izimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla?" Lona kufanele kube umbuzo oyinhloko abantu abaningi abawucabangayo mayelana "nendlela yomoya" yamanje yemboni yezimoto. Ngaphansi kokusekelwa iziqubulo ezinhle zokuthi “ukuncipha kwamandla”, “ukonga amandla kanye nokuncishiswa kokungcoliswa komoya” kanye “nokuthola ukukhiqiza”, isidingo saseShayina sokuthuthukisa imithombo yamandla emisha asikakabonwa futhi siqashelwe umphakathi.
Ngempela, ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka enqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo ezimotweni zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, uhlelo lwamanje lokukhiqiza oluvuthiwe, ukusekelwa kwezimakethe kanye nemikhiqizo ebiza kancane nesezingeni eliphezulu kwenza kube nzima ukuqonda ukuthi kungani imboni kufanele iwushiye lo “mgwaqo oyisicaba” futhi iphendukele ekuthuthukisweni. . Amandla amasha “awumzila wodaka” ongakabi yingozi. Kungani kufanele sithuthukise imboni entsha yamandla? Lo mbuzo olula noqondile uwukungaqondi futhi awaziwa sonke.
Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa edlule, ku-White Paper "China Energy Policy 2012", isu likazwelonke "lizothuthukisa ngokuqinile amandla amasha namandla avuselelekayo" lizocaciswa. Kusukela lapho, imboni yezimoto yaseShayina ishintshe ngokushesha, futhi isishintshe ngokushesha isu lezimoto zikaphethiloli yangena esu elisha lamandla. Ngemva kwalokho, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemikhiqizo yamandla emisha exhunywe “nemixhaso” ngokushesha zangena emakethe, futhi izwi lokungabaza laqala ukuzungeza amandla amasha. imboni.
Izwi lemibuzo laliqhamuka ezinhlangothini ezehlukene, kanti nesihloko siphinde saholela ngqo enhla nasezansi nemboni. Siyini isimo samanje samandla endabuko aseShayina namandla avuselelekayo? Ingabe imboni yokukhiqiza izimoto yaseChina ingagoba? Indlela yokubhekana nezimoto zamandla amasha asele umhlalaphansi esikhathini esizayo, nokuthi ngabe kukhona ukungcola? Ukungabaza okwengeziwe, ukuzethemba okuncane, indlela yokuthola isimo sangempela ngemuva kwalezi zinkinga, ikota yokuqala yekholomu izokhomba inkampani yenethiwekhi ebalulekile embonini - ibhethri.
Amakholomu "ayizinkinga zamandla" ezingagwemeki
Ngokungafani nemoto yamafutha, uphethiloli awudingi umthwali (uma ithangi likaphethiloli lingabali), kodwa "ugesi" udinga ukuthwalwa ibhethri. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukubuyela emthonjeni wemboni, khona-ke "ugesi" uyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha. Indaba kagesi ixhumene ngqo nendaba yamandla. Kunombuzo ocacile okwamanje: Ingabe ukukhuthaza ngamandla imithombo emisha yamandla ngempela ngenxa yokuthi inqolobane yamandla ehlangene yaseShayina isiseduze? Ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuthi sikhulume ngempela ngokuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri namandla amasha, kufanele siphendule imibuzo mayelana nombuzo wamanje waseShayina “wokusebenzisa ugesi noma ukusebenzisa uwoyela”.
Umbuzo 1: Isimo se-quo samandla endabuko aseShayina
Ngokungafani nesizathu sokuthi kungani abantu beqala ukuzama izimoto zikagesi ezihlanzekile eminyakeni eyi-100 edlule, ukuguqulwa okusha kwabangelwa ukushintshwa kusuka "kuphethiloli wendabuko" kuya "kumandla avuselelekayo". Kukhona “izinguqulo” ezihlukene ekuchazeni isimo samandla aseShayina ku-inthanethi, kodwa izici eziningi zedatha zibonisa ukuthi izinqolobane zamandla zendabuko zaseShayina azibekezeleleki futhi zikhathaza njengokudluliswa kwenetha, kanye nemithombo kawoyela ehlobene eduze nezimoto nazo. okuxoxwa ngayo ngumphakathi. Esinye sezihloko eziningi.
Ngokusho kwedatha e-China Energy Report 2018, nakuba ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela wasekhaya kuncipha, i-China ibe sesimweni esizinzile mayelana nohwebo lokungenisa amandla nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kukawoyela. Lokhu kungase kufakazele ukuthi okungenani ukuthuthukiswa kwamanje kwamandla amasha akuhlobene ngokuqondile “nendawo yokugcina uwoyela.”
Kodwa uxhumeke ngokungaqondile? Esimeni sokuhwebelana kwamandla okuzinzile, ukuncika kwamandla omdabu waseShayina kusephezulu. Phakathi kwengqikithi yamandla athengwayo, uwoyela ongahluziwe wenza ama-66% kuthi amalahle enze u-18%. Uma kuqhathaniswa nowezi-2017, ukuthengwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe kwamanye amazwe kuyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha. Ngo-2018, ukungeniswa kukawoyela ongahluziwe eChina kwafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-460, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-10%. Ukuncika kukawoyela ongahluziwe emazweni angaphandle kufinyelele ku-71%, okusho ukuthi ngaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zikawoyela ongahluziwe waseChina uncike ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe.
Ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zamandla amasha, umkhuba wokusetshenziswa kukawoyela waseChina uyaqhubeka nokuhamba kancane, kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa no-2017, ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela eChina kusakhuphuka ngo-3.4%. Ngokuphathelene namandla okukhiqiza uwoyela ongahluziwe, kube nokwehla okukhulu ngo-2016-2018 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2015, futhi ukuguqulwa kwesikhombisi kwandisa ukuncika ekuthengisweni kohwebo lwamafutha.
Ngaphansi kwesimo samanje sendawo yokugcina amandla endabuko yaseShayina “ukuncika kokusebenza”, kuthenjwa futhi ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamandla amasha nakho kuzoshintsha ukwakheka kokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngo-2018, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ahlanzekile njengegesi yemvelo, amandla e-hydropower, amandla enuzi namandla omoya kubalwe ku-22.1% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele, osekukhule iminyaka eminingi.
Oguqukweni lokuhlanza amandla emithonjeni yamandla endabuko, inhloso yomhlaba wonke enekhabhoni ephansi, engenayo i-carbon ayishintshile okwamanje, njengoba nje izinkampani zezimoto zase-Europe nezaseMelika manje sezisusa "isikhathi sokuyeka ukuthengisa izimoto zikaphethiloli". Nokho, amazwe ancike ngendlela ehlukile emithonjeni yamandla evamile, futhi “ukuntuleka kwemithombo kawoyela ongahluziwe” kweChina kungenye yezinkinga ekushintsheni kwamandla okuhlanza. UZhu Xi, umqondisi we-Energy Economics weChinese Academy of Social Sciences, uthe: “Ngenxa yezinkathi ezihlukene zamazwe, iChina isesikhathini samalahle, umhlaba usungene enkathini kawoyela negesi, kanye nenqubo yokuthutha. mayelana nohlelo lwamandla avuselelekayo esikhathini esizayo ngokuqinisekile kuhlukile. I-China ingase iwele uwoyela negesi. Izikhathi.” Umthombo: Indlu Yemoto
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-04-2019