Amazwe amaningi aqala ukubeka imigomo ye-hydrogen energy, kanti okunye ukutshalwa kwezimali kugxile ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe be-hydrogen eluhlaza. I-EU kanye ne-China bahola le ntuthuko, befuna izinzuzo zokuqala kwezobuchwepheshe nengqalasizinda. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iJapane, iNingizimu Korea, iFrance, iJalimane, i-Netherlands, i-New Zealand ne-Australia bonke bakhiphe amasu e-hydrogen energy futhi bathuthukisa izinhlelo zokushayela kusukela ngo-2017. Ngo-2021, i-EU yakhipha imfuneko yamasu e-hydrogen energy, iphakamisa ukwandisa amandla okusebenza. ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kumaseli e-electrolytic kuya ku-6GW ngo-2024 ngokuthembela emoyeni namandla elanga, kanye naku-40GW ngo-2030, amandla yokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen e-EU izokwenyuswa ibe ngu-40GW nge-40GW eyengeziwe ngaphandle kwe-EU.
Njengabo bonke ubuchwepheshe obusha, i-hydrogen eluhlaza iyasuka ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni okuyisisekelo iye ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni ezivamile, okuholela ezindleko eziphansi zamayunithi kanye nokusebenza kahle okukhulayo ekuklameni, ekwakheni nasekufakeni. I-hydrogen hydrogen LCOH eluhlaza iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: izindleko zeseli ye-electrolytic, intengo kagesi ovuselelekayo nezinye izindleko zokusebenza. Ngokuvamile, izindleko ze-electrolytic cell akhawunti cishe 20% ~ 25% ye-hydrogen LCOH eluhlaza, kanye nesabelo esikhulu sikagesi (70% ~ 75%). Izindleko zokusebenza zincane uma kuqhathaniswa, ngokuvamile zingaphansi kuka-5%.
Emazweni omhlaba, intengo yamandla avuselelekayo (ikakhulukazi isikali selanga nomoya) yehle kakhulu kule minyaka engu-30 edlule, futhi izindleko zayo zamandla alinganayo (LCOE) manje sezisondele kumandla aphehlwa ngamalahle ($30-50 /MWh) , okwenza okuvuselelekayo kuncintisane nezindleko ngokuzayo. Izindleko zamandla avuselelekayo ziyaqhubeka nokwehla ngo-10% ngonyaka, futhi cishe ngo-2030 izindleko zamandla avuselelekayo zizofinyelela cishe ku-$20/MWh. Izindleko zokusebenza azikwazi ukwehliswa kakhulu, kodwa izindleko zeyunithi yeselula zingancishiswa futhi ijika lezindleko zokufunda elifanayo lilindeleke kumaseli njengamandla elanga noma omoya.
I-Solar PV yathuthukiswa ngeminyaka yawo-1970s futhi intengo ye-solar PV LCoEs ngo-2010 yayilinganiselwa ku-$500/MWh. I-Solar PV LCOE yehle kakhulu kusukela ngo-2010 futhi okwamanje ingu-$30 kuya ku-$50 /MWh. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ubuchwepheshe beseli ye-electrolytic bufana nesilinganiso sezimboni sokukhiqizwa kwamaseli e-solar photovoltaic, kusukela ngo-2020-2030, ubuchwepheshe beseli ye-electrolytic cishe buzolandela umzila ofanayo namaseli e-solar photovoltaic ngokwezindleko zeyunithi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-LCOE yomoya yehle kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, kodwa ngenani elincane (cishe amaphesenti angama-50 phesheya kolwandle kanye namaphesenti angama-60 ogwini).
Izwe lethu lisebenzisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo (njengamandla omoya, i-photovoltaic, i-hydropower) ekukhiqizeni i-hydrogen yamanzi e-electrolytic, lapho intengo kagesi ilawulwa ngo-0.25 yuan/kWh ngezansi, izindleko zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen zisebenza kahle kwezomnotho (15.3 ~ 20.9 yuan/kg) . Izinkomba zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho ze-alkaline electrolysis kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ye-PEM electrolysis kuboniswa kuThebula 1.
Indlela yokubala izindleko yokukhiqizwa kwe-electrolytic hydrogen ikhonjiswe ezilinganisweni (1) kanye (2). I-LCOE= izindleko ezingaguquki/(ubuningi bokukhiqiza i-hydrogen x ukuphila) + izindleko zokusebenza (1) Izindleko zokusebenza = ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ukusetshenziswa kukagesi x inani likagesi + inani lamanzi + izindleko zokugcinwa kwemishini (2) Ukuthatha i-alkaline electrolysis kanye nemiklamo ye-electrolysis ye-PEM (1000 Nm3/h ) njengesibonelo, cabanga ukuthi umjikelezo wokuphila wonke wamaphrojekthi yiminyaka engama-20 futhi impilo yokusebenza ingu-9×104h. Izindleko ezimisiwe zephakeji yeseli ye-electrolytic, idivayisi yokuhlanza i-hydrogen, imali ebonakalayo, imali yokwakha umphakathi, imali yokufaka isevisi yokufaka nezinye izinto zibalwa ku-0.3 yuan/kWh nge-electrolysis. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezindleko kuboniswe kuThebula 2.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen, uma intengo kagesi yamandla avuselelekayo ingaphansi kuka-0.25 yuan/kWh, izindleko ze-hydrogen eluhlaza zingancishiswa cishe zibe yi-15 yuan/kg, eqala ukuba nenzuzo yezindleko. Esimeni sokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, ngokwehliswa kwezindleko zokuphehla amandla avuselelekayo, ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwamaphrojekthi okukhiqiza i-hydrogen, ukuncishiswa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamaseli e-electrolytic kanye nezindleko zokutshala imali, kanye nokuqondiswa kwentela yekhabhoni nezinye izinqubomgomo, umgwaqo. yokunciphisa izindleko ze-hydrogen eluhlaza kuzocaca kancane kancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen okuvela emithonjeni yamandla endabuko kuzoxutshwa nokungcola okuningi okuhlobene okufana nekhabhoni, isulfure ne-chlorine, kanye nezindleko zokuhlanzwa okuphezulu kanye ne-CCUS, izindleko zangempela zokukhiqiza zingadlula ama-yuan angu-20 / kg.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-06-2023