Siwasebenzisa ukuze sikunikeze umuzwa ongcono kakhulu. Uma uqhubeka nokusebenzisa iwebhusayithi yethu, sizothatha ngokuthi ujabulile ukuthola wonke amakhukhi kule webhusayithi.
Inkampani kawoyela yase-Italy i-Eni itshala imali eyizigidi ezingu-50 zamaRandi ku-Commonwealth Fusion Systems, i-MIT spinout ebambisana nesikhungo ekuthuthukiseni omagnethi abakhulu ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla e-zero-carbon ekuhlolweni kwamandla okuhlanganisa okubizwa ngokuthi i-SPARC. UJulian Turner uthola ukwehla ku-CEO uRobert Mumgaard.
Ekujuleni kwamahholo angcwele e-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) kukhona uguquko lwamandla olwenzekayo. Ngemuva kwamashumi eminyaka enqubekelaphambili, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi amandla e-fusion asekulungele ukubiza usuku lwawo nokuthi amandla angcwele angenamkhawulo, angashi, amandla ekhabhoni eyiziro angase afinyeleleke.
Umdondoshiya wase-Italy u-Eni wabelana ngaleli themba, utshala imali engu-€50m ($62m) kuphrojekthi yokusebenzisana ne-MIT's Plasma Fusion and Science Center (PSFC) kanye nenkampani ezimele i-Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), okuhloswe ngayo ukusheshisa ukuhlanganisa amandla egridi. eminyakeni engaba ngu-15.
Ukulawula ukuhlangana, inqubo enika ilanga nezinkanyezi amandla, kumiswe inkinga endala: kuyilapho umkhuba ukhipha amandla amaningi, ungenziwa kuphela emazingeni okushisa adlulele ezigidi zamadigri Celsius, ashise kakhulu kunamaphakathi ilanga, futhi kushisa kakhulu ukuba kungabekezelelwa noma iyiphi into eqinile.
Njengomphumela wenselelo yokuvalelwa kwezibaseli ezihlanganisiwe kulezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu, ukuhlolwa kwamandla e-fusion, kuze kube manje, kusebenze ngokushoda, okukhiqiza amandla amancane kunalawo adingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukusabela kokuhlangana, futhi ngenxa yalokho abakwazi ukukhiqiza ugesi igridi.
“Ucwaningo lwe-Fusion luye lwacutshungulwa kabanzi emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, okubangele intuthuko ekuqondeni okungokwesayensi nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa amandla okuhlanganisa,” kusho isikhulu seCFS uRobert Mumgaard.
“I-CFS ihweba ngokuhlanganiswa kusetshenziswa indlela yenkundla ephezulu, lapho sakha khona omazibuthe abasha abasezingeni eliphezulu ukuze senze izinto ezincane zokuhlanganisa sisebenzisa indlela efanayo yefiziksi njengezinhlelo zikahulumeni ezinkulu. Ukwenza lokhu, i-CFS isebenza eduze ne-MIT kuphrojekthi yokusebenzisana, iqala ngokwakha omazibuthe abasha.”
Idivayisi ye-SPARC isebenzisa izizibuthe ezinamandla ukuze ibambe i-plasma eshisayo - isobho elinegesi lezinhlayiya ze-subatomic - ukuze ivimbele ukuthi ihlangane nanoma iyiphi ingxenye yegumbi le-vacuum elimise okwe-donut.
“Inselelo enkulu iwukwenza i-plasma ezimeni ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukuze ikhiqize amandla angaphezu kwalawo awasebenzisayo,” kuchaza uMumgaard. "Lokhu kuncike kakhulu endaweni engaphansi yefiziksi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-plasma physics."
Lokhu kuhlolwa okuhlangene kuklanyelwe ukukhiqiza ukushisa okungaba ngu-100MW kuma-pulses wemizuzwana eyishumi, amandla amaningi njengoba asetshenziswa idolobha elincane. Kodwa, njengoba i-SPARC iwukuhlola, ngeke ifake amasistimu okushintsha amandla okuhlanganisa abe ugesi.
Ososayensi kwa-MIT balindele ukuthi umphumela ube ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kwamandla asetshenziselwa ukushisa i-plasma, ekugcineni uzuze ingqopha-mlando yobuchwepheshe: amandla aphelele avela ku-fusion.
"Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-plasma egcinwe endaweni futhi ivalwe kusetshenziswa amandla kazibuthe," kusho uMumgaard. “Lokhu kufana nebhodlela kazibuthe. Amandla kazibuthe ahlobene kakhulu namandla ebhodlela kazibuthe okufaka i-plasma ukuze ifinyelele izimo zokuhlangana.
“Ngakho-ke, uma singenza omazibuthe abanamandla singenza ama-plasma angashisa kakhulu futhi aminyene sisebenzisa amandla amancane ukuwagcina. Futhi ngama-plasma angcono singenza amadivaysi abe mancane futhi alawuleke kakhudlwana ukuze akhe futhi athuthuke.
“Ngama-superconductors asezingeni eliphezulu, sinethuluzi elisha lokwenza amandla kazibuthe aphezulu kakhulu, kanjalo namabhodlela kazibuthe angcono futhi amancane. Sikholwa ukuthi lokhu kuzosenza sihlangane ngokushesha.”
I-Mumgaard ibhekisela esizukulwaneni esisha sozibuthe abakhulu abakhiqiza amandla amakhulu anamandla okukhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe enamandla ngokuphindwe kabili kunaleyo esetshenziswe kunoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okukhona kokuhlanganisa, okuvumela ukwanda okuphindwe kashumi kwamandla ngosayizi ngamunye.
Eyenziwe ngeteyipu yensimbi ehlanganiswe nenhlanganisela ebizwa ngokuthi i-yttrium-barium-copper oxide (YBCO), izibuthe ezintsha ze-superconducting zizokwenza i-SPARC ikwazi ukukhiqiza amandla ahlanganisiwe acishe abe ingxenye yesihlanu ye-ITER kodwa kudivayisi ecishe ibe yi-1/65 kuphela. umthamo.
Ngokunciphisa usayizi, izindleko, umugqa wesikhathi kanye nobunkimbinkimbi benhlangano obudingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe imishini yamandla enhlanganisela inetha, omagnethi be-YBCO bazophinda banike amandla izindlela ezintsha zemfundo nezokuhweba, ukuze kuhlanganiswe amandla.
"I-SPARC kanye ne-ITER kokubili ama-tokamak, uhlobo oluthile lwebhodlela kazibuthe elisekelwe kwisayensi eyisisekelo ebanzi yokuthuthukiswa kwe-plasma physics phakathi namashumi eminyaka," kucacisa uMumgaard.
“I-SPARC izosebenzisa isizukulwane esilandelayo samamagnethi we-high-temperature superconductor (HTS) avumela inkambu kazibuthe ephakeme kakhulu, enikeza ukusebenza kwe-fusion okuhlosiwe ngosayizi omncane kakhulu.
"Sikholwa ukuthi lokhu kuzoba yingxenye ebalulekile yokufeza ukuhlangana kwesikali sesikhathi esihambisana nesimo sezulu kanye nomkhiqizo okhangayo kwezomnotho."
Mayelana nezilinganiso zezikhathi nokusebenza kwezohwebo, i-SPARC iwukuvela komklamo we-tokamak ofundwe futhi wacwengwa amashumi eminyaka, okuhlanganisa nomsebenzi e-MIT owaqala ngawo-1970s.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-SPARC kuhlose ukuhlahla indlela yesikhungo sokuqala samandla kagesi ahlanganisiwe esinamandla acishe abe ngu-200MW kagesi, uma kuqhathaniswa nezimboni eziningi zamandla kagesi ezithengiswayo.
Naphezu kokungabaza okusabalele mayelana namandla e-fusion - u-Eni unombono obheke phambili wokuba inkampani yokuqala kawoyela emhlabeni wonke ukutshala imali eningi kuyo - abameli bakholelwa ukuthi le nqubo ingase ihlangabezane nengxenye enkulu yezidingo zamandla ezikhulayo emhlabeni, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo inciphisa. ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa.
Isilinganiso esincane esinikwe amandla omazibuthe abasha abakhuluphele kakhulu sivumela indlela esheshayo, eshibhile eya kugesi kusukela kumandla okuhlanganisa kugridi.
I-Eni ilinganisela ukuthi kuzobiza u-$3bn ukuthuthukisa i-fusion reactor engu-200MW ngo-2033. Iphrojekthi ye-ITER, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-Europe, i-US, i-China, i-India, i-Japan, i-Russia ne-South Korea, ingaphezu kohhafu ekuhlosweni kwayo kwe-super super yokuqala. -ukuhlolwa kwe-plasma eshisiwe ngo-2025 kanye nokuhlanganisa amandla aphelele okuqala ngo-2035, futhi kunesabelomali esingaba ngu-€20bn. Njenge-SPRC, i-ITER yakhelwe ukuthi ingakhiqizi ugesi.
Ngakho-ke, njengoba igridi yase-US isuka ku-monolithic 2GW-3GW yamalahle noma izitshalo zamandla e-fission iye kulezo ezisebangeni lika-100MW-500MW, amandla okuhlanganisa angaqhudelana endaweni yemakethe enzima - futhi, uma kunjalo, nini?
“Kusenocwaningo okufanele lwenziwe, kodwa izinselele ziyaziwa, ukusungulwa okusha kukhomba indlela yokusheshisa izinto, abadlali abasha abafana neCFS balethe ukugxila kwezohwebo ezinkingeni futhi isayensi eyisisekelo ivuthiwe,” kusho uMumgaard.
“Sikholelwa ukuthi ukuhlangana kusondele kunalokho abantu abaningi abakucabangayo. Hlala ubukele." jQuery( idokhumenti ).ready(function() {/* I-carousel yezinkampani */ jQuery('.carousel').slick({ amachashazi: iqiniso, elingapheli: iqiniso, isivinini: 300, lazyLoad: 'ondend', slidesToShow: 1, ama-slidesToScroll: 1, adaptiveHeight: true }});
I-DAMM Cellular Systems A/S ingomunye wabaholi bomhlaba ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ezinokwethenjelwa, ezimazombezombe futhi ezihlaseleka kalula ze-Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) kanye ne-digital mobile radio (DMR) kumakhasimende ezimboni, ezentengiselwano kanye nokuphepha komphakathi.
I-DAMM TetraFlex Dispatcher inikeza ukusebenza kahle okwandisiwe ezinhlanganweni, isebenzisa inqwaba yababhalisile abadinga umyalo, ukulawula nokuqapha kwezokuxhumana ngomsakazo.
I-DAMM TetraFlex Voice and Data Log System inikeza imisebenzi yokuqopha izwi nedatha ephelele nenembile, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zokugawula ze-CDR.
IGreen Tape Solutions ingumxhumanisi wase-Australia, ogxile ekuhloleni indawo ezungezile, ukugunyazwa nokuhlolwa kwamabhuku, kanye nezinhlolovo zemvelo.
Uma ubheke ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwesitshalo sakho samandla, uzofuna ukuzizwisa okufanelekile kokulingisa ukuze kukufikise lapho. Enye inkampani izinikele ekukhiqizeni izifanisi zemishini yamandla yangempela eziqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bakho banolwazi oludingekayo ukuze usebenzise isikhungo sakho samandla ngokuphepha nangempumelelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-18-2019