Iseli yamafuthal luhlobo lwesixhobo sokuguqula amandla, esinokuguqula amandla e-electrochemical of fuel ibe amandla ombane. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-fuel cell kuba sisixhobo sokuvelisa amandla e-electrochemical kunye nebhetri. I-fuel cell esebenzisa i-hydrogen njengamafutha yi-hydrogen fuel cell. I-hydrogen fuel cell inokuqondwa njengokusabela kwe-electrolysis yamanzi kwi-hydrogen kunye ne-oxygen. Inkqubo yokusabela ye-hydrogen fuel cell icocekile kwaye iyasebenza. Iseli yamafutha e-Hydrogen ayikhawulelwanga yi-42% yokusebenza kakuhle kobushushu bomjikelo weCarnot osetyenziswa kwinjini yemoto yemveli, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kunokufikelela ngaphezulu kwama-60%.
Ngokungafaniyo neerokhethi, iiseli ze-hydrogen ze-fuel zivelisa amandla e-kinetic ngokuphendula ngobundlobongela kwe-hydrogen kunye nokutsha kwe-oksijini, kwaye zikhulule amandla e-Gibbs simahla kwi-hydrogen ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezibangela ukubamba. Amandla asimahla eGibbs ngamandla e-electrochemical abandakanya i-entropy kunye nezinye iithiyori. Umgaqo osebenzayo we-hydrogen fuel cell kukuba i-hydrogen ibolile ibe yi-hydrogen ion (okt iiprotons) kunye nee-electron nge-catalyst (iPlatinum) kwi-electrode efanelekileyo yeseli. Ii-ion ze-hydrogen zidlula kwi-membrane yokutshintshiselana kweproton ukuya kwi-electrode engeyiyo kwaye ioksijini isabela ukuze ibe ngamanzi nobushushu, kwaye ii-electron ezihambelanayo zihamba ukusuka kwi-electrode eyakhayo ukuya kwi-electrode engalunganga ngokusebenzisa isekethe yangaphandle ukuvelisa amandla ombane.
Kwii-fuel cell stack, ukusabela kwe-hydrogen kunye ne-oksijini kuqhutyelwa, kwaye kukho ukuhanjiswa kwentlawulo kwinkqubo, okubangelwa ngoku. Kwangaxeshanye, ihydrogen idibana neoksijini ukuze ivelise amanzi.
Njengechibi lokuphendula imichiza, eyona nto iphambili yetekhnoloji yesitaki se-fuel cell is "proton exchange membrane". Amacala amabini efilimu asondele kwi-catalyst layer yokubola i-hydrogen kwii-ion ezihlawuliswayo. Ngenxa yokuba imolekyuli yehydrogen incinane, ihydrogen ethwele iielectron inokukhukuliseka iye kwelinye inqumla kwimingxunya emincinane yefilimu. Nangona kunjalo, kwinkqubo ye-hydrogen ethwele ii-electron ezidlula kwimingxuma yefilimu, ii-electron zikhutshwa kwiimolekyuli, zishiya kuphela iiproton zehydrogen ezichajiwe kakuhle ukuba zifikelele kwesinye isiphelo ngefilimu.
Iiprotoni zeHydrojenizitsalwa kwi-electrode kwelinye icala lefilimu kwaye zidibanise ne-oxygen molekyuli. Iipleyiti ze-electrode kumacala omabini omboniso bhanyabhanya zahlula i-hydrogen zibe yi-ioni ye-hydrogen e-positive kunye nee-electron, kwaye yahlula ioksijini ibe yi-athomu ye-oksijini ukuze ibambe ii-electrons kwaye zijike zibe yi-ions yeoksijini (umbane ongalunganga). Ii-electron zenza i-current phakathi kweepleyiti ze-electrode, kunye nee-ion ezimbini ze-hydrogen kunye ne-oxygen ion enye idibanisa ukwenza amanzi, okuba kuphela "inkunkuma" kwinkqubo yokuphendula. Ngokwenyani, yonke inkqubo yokusebenza yinkqubo yokuvelisa amandla. Ngenkqubela phambili ye-oxidation reaction, ii-electron zigqithiselwa ngokuqhubekayo ukuze zenze i-current efunekayo ukuqhuba imoto.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-12-2022