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Indlela yokusebenza ngokomzimba kunye neekhemikhali
Indlela yokusebenza yePhysical and chemical activation ibhekisa kwindlela yokulungisa izinto ezirhabaxa ngokudibanisa ezi ndlela zimbini zingentla. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali kwenziwa kuqala, kwaye emva koko kusebenze ngokomzimba. Okokuqala thambisa i-cellulose kwi-68% ~ 85% yesisombululo se-H3PO4 kwi-85℃ nge-2h, emva koko i-carbonized kwi-muffle furnace ye-4h, kwaye emva koko isebenze nge-CO2. Indawo ethile yendawo yekhabhoni esebenzayo efunyenweyo yayiphezulu njenge-3700m2 · g-1. Zama ukusebenzisa i-sisal fiber njengezinto eziluhlaza, kwaye usebenze i-carbon fiber (ACF) efunyenwe yi-H3PO4 isebenze kanye, uyifudumeze ukuya kwi-830 ℃ phantsi kokhuseleko lwe-N2, kwaye wasebenzisa umphunga wamanzi njenge-activator ye-activation yesibili. Indawo ethile ye-ACF efunyenwe emva kwe-60min yokuvuselela iphuculwe kakhulu.
Ubume bokusebenza kobume bepore obusebenzayoikhabhoni
Iindlela zokubonisa ukusebenza kwekhabhoni esetyenzisiweyo ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nezikhokelo zesicelo ziboniswa kwiThebhile 2. Iimpawu zesakhiwo se-pore zezinto eziphathekayo zinokuvavanywa kwiinkalo ezimbini: uhlalutyo lwedatha kunye nohlalutyo lomfanekiso.
Inkqubela phambili yophando lwetekhnoloji yokuphucula ubume bepore yekhabhoni esebenzayo
Nangona ikhabhoni esebenzayo ineepores ezityebileyo kunye nendawo enkulu yendawo ethile, inomsebenzi ogqwesileyo kumasimi amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokhetho olubanzi lwemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye neemeko ezintsonkothileyo zokulungiselela, iimveliso ezigqityiweyo ngokubanzi zinento engalunganga yesakhiwo sepore esinesiphithiphithi, indawo eyahlukileyo yendawo ethile, ukuhanjiswa kobungakanani bepore, kunye neepropathi ezinyiniweyo zemichiza. Ngoko ke, kukho izinto ezingalunganga ezifana ne-dosage enkulu kunye nokulungelelaniswa okuncinci kwinkqubo yesicelo, engakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemarike. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ngcono kunye nokulawula ubume kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo okubanzi kokusetyenziswa. Iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zokuphucula kunye nokulawula ubume bepore ziquka ukulawulwa kweekhemikhali, ukudibanisa i-polymer, kunye nommiselo wokuvuselela i-catalytic.
Itekhnoloji yokulawula imichiza
Itekhnoloji yokulawulwa kweekhemikhali ibhekisa kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwesibini (ukuguqulwa) kwezixhobo ezithambileyo ezifunyenwe emva kokusebenza kunye neekhemikhali ze-reagents, ukukrazula ii-pores zangaphambili, ukwandisa i-micropores, okanye ukuqhubela phambili ukudala i-micropores entsha ukunyusa indawo ethile yendawo kunye nesakhiwo se-pore sezinto. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imveliso egqityiweyo ye-activation enye ngokuqhelekileyo ifakwe kwi-0.5 ~ 4 amaxesha esisombululo sekhemikhali ukulawula isakhiwo se-pore kunye nokwandisa indawo ethile. Zonke iintlobo ze-asidi kunye nezisombululo ze-alkali zingasetyenziselwa njengee-reagents zokuvuselela okwesibini.
Itekhnoloji yokuguqulwa kwe-Acid surface oxidation
Ukuguqulwa kwe-Acid surface oxidation yindlela eqhelekileyo esetyenziswayo yokulawula. Kwiqondo lobushushu elifanelekileyo, i-acid oxidants inokutyebisa iipores ngaphakathi kwekhabhoni esebenzayo, iphucule ubungakanani bayo bepore, kunye ne-dredge evaliweyo. Okwangoku, uphando lwasekhaya kunye nolwangaphandle lugxile ikakhulu ekuguqulweni kwee-acids ze-inorganic. I-HN03 sisisixhobo esisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye abaphengululi abaninzi basebenzisa i-HN03 ukulungisa ikhabhoni esebenzayo. UTong Li et al. [28] yafumanisa ukuba i-HN03 inokunyusa umxholo we-oksijini-equkethe kunye ne-nitrogen-equkethe amaqela asebenzayo phezu kwekhabhoni esebenzayo kunye nokuphucula umphumo we-adsorption we-mercury.
Ukulungiswa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo kunye ne-HN03, emva kokuguqulwa, indawo ethile ye-carbon esebenzayo yehla ukusuka ku-652m2 · g-1 ukuya kwi-241m2 · g-1, ubungakanani bepore obuphakathi bunyuke ukusuka kwi-1.27nm ukuya kwi-1.641nm, kunye nomthamo we-adsorption we-benzophenone kwipetroli yokulinganisa inyuke ngama-33.7%. Ukuguqula i-carbon activated wood kunye ne-10% kunye ne-70% ye-volume concentration ye-HN03, ngokulandelanayo. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba indawo ethile yendawo yekhabhoni esebenzayo eguqulwe nge-10% HN03 inyuke ukusuka kwi-925.45m2 · g-1 ukuya kwi-960.52m2 · g-1; emva kokuguqulwa kwe-70% ye-HN03, indawo ethile yendawo yehla ukuya kwi-935.89m2 · g-1. Amazinga okususwa kwe-Cu2 + nge-carbon activated modified kunye ne-concentrations ezimbini ze-HN03 zazingaphezulu kwe-70% kunye ne-90%, ngokulandelanayo.
Kwikhabhoni esebenzayo esetyenziswa kwintsimi ye-adsorption, umphumo we-adsorption awuxhomekanga kuphela kwisakhiwo se-pore kodwa nakwiipropati zekhemikhali ezingaphezulu ze-adsorbent. Isakhiwo se-pore sinquma indawo ethile yendawo kunye nomthamo we-adsorption wekhabhoni esebenzayo, ngelixa iipropati zeekhemikhali ezingaphezulu zichaphazela intsebenziswano phakathi kwekhabhoni esebenzayo kunye ne-adsorbate. Ekugqibeleni kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukuguqulwa kwe-asidi yekhabhoni esebenzayo ayinako ukulungelelanisa kuphela ubume bepore ngaphakathi kwekhabhoni esebenzayo kunye nokucima i-pores evaliweyo, kodwa kwandisa umxholo wamaqela e-acidic kumphezulu wezinto kunye nokuphucula i-polarity kunye ne-hydrophilicity yomhlaba. . Umthamo we-adsorption we-EDTA nge-carbon activated modified yi-HCI yonyuka nge-49.5% xa kuthelekiswa naleyo ngaphambi kokuguqulwa, okwakungcono kunokuguqulwa kwe-HNO3.
Ikhabhoni ehlaziyiweyo yorhwebo ene-HNO3 kunye ne-H2O2 ngokulandelelanayo! Iindawo ezithile zomphezulu emva kokuguqulwa zibe yi-91.3% kunye ne-80.8% yezo ngaphambi kokuguqulwa, ngokulandelanayo. Amaqela amatsha asebenzayo aneoksijini afana ne-carboxyl, i-carbonyl kunye ne-phenol yongezwa kumphezulu. Umthamo we-adsorption we-nitrobenzene ngokuguqulwa kwe-HNO3 yayiyona nto ibhetele, eyayiyi-3.3 ngamaxesha ngaphambi kokuguqulwa.Kufunyenwe ukuba ukwanda komxholo wamaqela asebenzayo ane-oksijini kwi-carbon esebenzayo emva kokuguqulwa kwe-asidi kubangele ukwanda kwenani lomhlaba. amanqaku asebenzayo, abe nefuthe elithe ngqo ekuphuculeni umthamo we-adsorption we-target adsorbate.
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-acids ye-inorganic, kukho iingxelo ezimbalwa malunga nokuguqulwa kwe-organic acid ye-carbon activated. Thelekisa imiphumo yokuguqulwa kwe-asidi ye-organic kwiipropati zesakhiwo se-pore yekhabhoni esebenzayo kunye ne-adsorption ye-methanol. Emva kokuguqulwa, indawo ethile yendawo kunye nomthamo opheleleyo wepore yekhabhoni esebenzayo yehla. Okukhona i-asidi yomelele, iyancipha ngakumbi. Emva kokuguqulwa kwe-oxalic acid, i-tartaric acid kunye ne-citric acid, indawo ethile yendawo yekhabhoni esebenzayo iyancipha ukusuka kwi-898.59m2 · g-1 ukuya ku-788.03m2 · g-1, 685.16m2 · g-1 kunye ne-622.98m2 · g-1 ngokulandelanayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-microporosity yekhabhoni esebenzayo iye yanda emva kokuguqulwa. I-microporosity ye-carbon activated modified kunye ne-citric acid inyuke ukusuka kwi-75.9% ukuya kwi-81.5%.
I-Oxalic acid kunye ne-tartaric acid ukuguqulwa kunenzuzo kwi-adsorption ye-methanol, ngelixa i-citric acid ine-inhibitory effect. Nangona kunjalo, uJ.Paul Chen et al. [35] yafumanisa ukuba i-carbon activated modified kunye ne-citric acid inokunyusa i-adsorption ye-ion zethusi. ULin Tang et al. [36] i-carbon modified activated carbon kunye ne-formic acid, i-oxalic acid kunye ne-aminosulfonic acid. Emva kokuguqulwa, indawo ethile yendawo kunye nomthamo wepore wancitshiswa. Amaqela asebenzayo ane-oksijeni afana ne-0-HC-0, i-C-0 kunye ne-S = 0 ayenziwe ebusweni bemveliso egqityiweyo, kwaye kwavela iziteshi ezingalinganiyo kunye neekristale ezimhlophe. I-equilibrium adsorption capacity ye-acetone kunye ne-isopropanol nayo yanda kakhulu.
Itekhnoloji yokuguqulwa kwesisombululo sealkaline
Abanye abaphengululi baye basebenzisa isisombululo se-alkaline ukwenza i-activation yesibini kwikhabhoni esebenzayo. Gcoba i-carbon eyenziwe yasekhaya eyenziwe ngamalahle kunye nesisombululo se-Na0H sokugxila okwahlukeneyo ukulawula ubume bepore. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-alkali ephantsi yoxinaniso yayinceda ekunyuseni kwe-pore kunye nokwandiswa. Isiphumo esihle kakhulu siphunyeziwe xa uxinaniso lobuninzi lwaluyi-20%. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo yayinommandla ophakamileyo ophezulu (681m2 · g-1) kunye nomthamo wepore (0.5916cm3 · g-1). Xa i-mass concentration ye-Na0H idlula i-20%, isakhiwo se-pore sekhabhoni esebenzayo sichithwa kwaye iiparitha zesakhiwo se-pore ziqala ukuhla. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-concentration ephezulu yesisombululo se-Na0H iya kutshabalalisa i-carbon skeleton kunye nenani elikhulu le-pores liya kudilika.
Ukulungiselela ukusebenza okuphezulu kwekhabhoni esebenzayo ngokuxutywa kwepolymer. Izandulela yayiyi-furfural resin kunye ne-furfuryl alcohol, kunye ne-ethylene glycol yayiyi-pore-forming agent. Isakhiwo se-pore sasilawulwa ngokulungelelanisa umxholo weepolymers ezintathu, kunye nesixhobo esine-porous kunye nobukhulu be-pore phakathi kwe-0.008 kunye ne-5 μm yafunyanwa. Abanye abaphengululi baye babonisa ukuba ifilimu ye-polyurethane-imide (i-PUI) inokuthi ifakwe i-carbonized ukufumana ifilimu ye-carbon, kwaye isakhiwo se-pore sinokulawulwa ngokutshintsha i-molecular structure ye-polyurethane (PU) prepolymer [41]. Xa i-PUI ishushu kwi-200 ° C, i-PU kunye ne-polyimide (PI) iya kuveliswa. Xa ukushisa kwonyango lokushisa kuphakama kwi-400 ° C, i-PU pyrolysis ivelisa igesi, okubangelwa ukubunjwa kwesakhiwo se-pore kwifilimu ye-PI. Emva kwe-carbonization, ifilimu yekhabhoni ifunyenwe. Ukongeza, indlela yokudibanisa i-polymer inokuphucula iipropathi ezithile zomzimba kunye noomatshini bemathiriyeli ukuya kwinqanaba elithile
Itekhnoloji yokulawula i-Catalytic activation
Itekhnoloji yokulawula i-Catalytic activation yindibaniselwano yendlela yokuvula imichiza kunye nendlela yobushushu obuphezulu begesi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto zeekhemikhali zongezwa kwizinto eziphathekayo njenge-catalysts, kwaye i-catalysts isetyenziselwa ukuncedisa i-carbonization okanye inkqubo yokuvuselela ukufumana izinto eziphathekayo zekhabhoni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintsimbi zineempembelelo ze-catalytic, kodwa iziphumo ze-catalytic ziyahluka.
Ngapha koko, akukho mda ucacileyo phakathi kommiselo wokuvula iikhemikhali kunye nokulawulwa kwe-catalytic activation ye-porous materials. Oku kungenxa yokuba zombini iindlela zongeza i-reagents ngexesha le-carbonization kunye nenkqubo yokuvula. Indima ethile yezi reagents inquma ukuba indlela yodidi lwe-catalytic activation.
Isakhiwo se-porous carbon material ngokwayo, i-physical and chemical properties of the catalyst, i-catalytic reaction reactions kunye ne-catalyst loading method ingaba ne-degrees ezahlukeneyo zempembelelo kwimpembelelo yokulawula. Ukusebenzisa amalahle e-bituminous njengento ekrwada, i-Mn (N03) 2 kunye ne-Cu (N03) 2 njenge-catalysts inokulungiselela izinto eziphathekayo eziqukethe i-oxides zetsimbi. Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo beeoksidi zetsimbi kunokuphucula i-porosity kunye nevolumu yepore, kodwa iziphumo ze-catalytic zesinyithi ezahlukeneyo zahluke kancinane. I-Cu (N03) i-2 inokukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwee-pores kuluhlu lwe-1.5 ~ 2.0nm. Ukongeza, ii-oxide zetsimbi kunye neetyuwa ze-inorganic eziqulethwe kumlotha wezinto ezikrwada nazo ziya kudlala indima ebambekayo kwinkqubo yokuqalisa. Xie Qiang et al. [42] wayekholelwa ukuba i-catalytic activation reaction of elements ezifana ne-calcium kunye nentsimbi kwi-inorganic matter inokukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kweepores. Xa umxholo wale mibini iphezulu kakhulu, umlinganiselo we-pores ophakathi kunye nomkhulu kwimveliso ukhula kakhulu.
Ukuqukumbela
Nangona i-carbon activated, njengeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-carbon porous carbon material, idlale indima ebalulekileyo kwishishini kunye nobomi, isenamandla amakhulu okuphucula ukwandiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukunciphisa iindleko, ukuphuculwa komgangatho, ukuphuculwa kwamandla, ukwandiswa kobomi kunye nokuphuculwa kwamandla. . Ukufumana izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi elisebenzayo lekhabhoni ekrwada, ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji yemveliso yekhabhoni ecocekileyo nesebenzayo, kunye nokulungelelanisa nokulawula ubume bepore yekhabhoni esebenzayo ngokwemihlaba eyahlukeneyo yesicelo iya kuba sisikhokelo esibalulekileyo sokuphucula umgangatho weemveliso zekhabhoni kunye nokukhuthaza. uphuhliso oluphezulu lweshishini lekhabhoni esebenzayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-27-2024