Ishishini legraphite lingena kwinqanaba "lokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokunyusa umgangatho"

Ishishini lezinto ze-electrode ezimbi liyakwamkela utshintsho olutsha lwemarike.

Ukuzuza ekukhuleni kwemfuno yentengiso yebhetri yamandla eTshayina, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ye-anode yaseTshayina kunye nexabiso lemveliso linyuke ngo-2018, liqhuba ukukhula kweenkampani ze-anode.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuchatshazelwa yinkxaso-mali, ukhuphiswano lweemarike, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuwa kwamaxabiso emveliso, ukuxinwa kweemarike zezinto ze-anode kuye kwanda ngakumbi, kwaye i-polarization yoshishino ingene kwinqanaba elitsha.

Okwangoku, njengoko i-shishini lingena kwinqanaba "lokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokunyusa umgangatho", i-graphite yendalo ephezulu kunye nemveliso ye-graphite eyenziweyo inokukhawulezisa ukutshintshwa kwezinto eziphantsi kwe-anode, eyenza ukhuphiswano lweemarike ze-anode materials industry upgrade.

Ukusuka kumbono othe tye, iinkampani zangoku ezingalunganga zezixhobo ze-electrode okanye iinkampani ezidweliswe okanye ii-IPO ezizimeleyo zijonge ukuxhaswa ukuze zifumane inkxaso eyinkunzi, ukunceda iinkampani zandise umthamo wemveliso kunye nokuphuhlisa iimveliso ezintsha. Ukuphuhliswa kweenkampani ezincinci kunye neziphakathi ze-anode ezingenayo inzuzo yokukhuphisana kumgangatho wemveliso kunye neteknoloji kunye nakwisiseko sabathengi kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi.

Ukusuka kwimbono ethe nkqo, ukuze kuphuculwe umgangatho kunye nokunciphisa iindleko, iinkampani zezixhobo ze-electrode ezingalunganga ziye zandisa umthamo wazo wemveliso kwaye zandiswe kwishishini lokulungisa i-graphitization ephezulu, ukunciphisa iindleko ngokwandisa umthamo kunye nokuphucula inkqubo yokuvelisa, kunye nokuphucula ngakumbi ukhuphiswano lwabo.

Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ukudityaniswa kunye nokufunyanwa kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezixhobo phakathi kwamashishini kunye nokwandiswa kweshishini lokulungisa i-graphitization eyakhiweyo ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo kuya kunciphisa abathathi-nxaxheba beemarike, kukhawulezise ukupheliswa kwababuthathaka, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe bachithe iipateni zokhuphiswano "ezithathu ezinkulu nezincinci" ezenziwe ngezinto ezimbi. Umgangatho wokukhuphisana kwimarike ye-anode yeplastiki.

Ukukhuphisana kuyilo lwegraphitization

Okwangoku, ukhuphiswano kwishishini lezinto zasekhaya ze-anode lusavutha kakhulu. Kukho ukhuphiswano phakathi kweenkampani ze-echelon zenqanaba lokuqala ukuba zibambe isikhundla esiphambili. Kukho kwakhona i-echelons yenqanaba lesibini ngokukhutheleyo ukwandisa amandla abo. Nisukelana ukuze nicuthe ukhuphiswano ngamashishini odidi lokuqala. Ezinye zeengcinezelo ezinokubakho zabakhuphisana abatsha.

Iqhutywa yimfuno yemarike yeebhetri zamandla, umlinganiselo wemarike yegraphite eyenziweyo iyaqhubeka nokukhula ukubonelela ngemfuno yokwandiswa komthamo wamashishini e-anode.

Ukusukela ngo-2018, iiprojekthi zotyalo-mali zasekhaya ezinkulu zezixhobo ze-anode ziye zafakwa ngokulandelelanayo, kwaye isikali somthamo wemveliso yomntu ngamnye sifikelele kwiitoni ezingama-50,000 okanye iitoni ezingama-100,000 ngonyaka, ngakumbi ngokusekwe kwiiprojekthi zegraphite eyenziweyo.

Phakathi kwabo, iinkampani ze-echelon ze-first-tier echelon zidibanisa ngakumbi indawo yazo yemarike kunye nokunciphisa iindleko ngokwandisa amandla abo okuvelisa. Iinkampani ze-echelon zenqanaba lesibini zisondela kufutshane ne-echelon yomgca wokuqala ngokunyuka kwamandla, kodwa zingenalo inkxaso yemali eyaneleyo kunye nokungabikho kokhuphiswano kwiimveliso ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe.

Iinkampani ze-echelon zokuqala kunye nesibini, ezibandakanya iBeitray, iShanshan Technology, iJiangxi Zijing, iKaijin Energy, i-Xiangfenghua, i-Shenzhen Snow, kunye ne-Jiangxi Zhengtuo, kunye nabangenayo abatsha, baye bawandisa amandla abo okuvelisa njengendawo yokungena yokuphucula ukukhuphisana kwabo. Isiseko sokwakhiwa kwamandla sigxininiswe kakhulu kwi-Inner Mongolia okanye kuMntla-ntshona.

I-Graphitization yenza malunga ne-50% yeendleko ze-anode material, ngokuqhelekileyo ngendlela ye-subcontracting. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ngakumbi iindleko zokwenziwa kunye nokuphucula inzuzo yemveliso, iinkampani zemathiriyeli ye-anode zizakhele ezazo ukusetyenzwa kwegraphitization njengoyilo lwesicwangciso sokuphucula ukukhuphisana kwazo.

Kwi-Inner Mongolia, kunye nezibonelelo zayo ezininzi kunye nexabiso eliphantsi lombane we-0.36 yuan / KWh (ubuncinci ukuya kwi-0.26 yuan / KWh), ibe yindawo yokuzikhethela kwisityalo segraphite yeshishini elibi le-electrode. Kubandakanya i-Shanshan, i-Jiangxi Zijing, i-Shenzhen Snow, i-Dongguan Kaijin, i-Xinxin New Materials, i-Guangrui yaMandla amatsha, njl., zonke zinomthamo we-graphitization kwi-Inner Mongolia.

Umthamo omtsha wokuvelisa uya kukhutshwa kwi-2018. Kulindeleke ukuba amandla okuvelisa i-graphitization kwi-Inner Mongolia iya kukhutshwa kwi-2019, kwaye umrhumo wokucubungula i-graphitization uya kubuya.

Ngomhla we-3 ku-Agasti, isiseko sezinto eziphathekayo ze-lithium ibhetri ye-anode - imveliso yonyaka ye-Shanshan Technology yeetoni ze-100,000 ze-anode ye-anode yeprojekthi edibeneyo yeBaotou yafakwa ngokusemthethweni kwiSithili saseQingshan, kwisiXeko saseBaotou.

Kuyaqondwa ukuba i-Shanshan Technology inotyalo-mali lonyaka lwe-3.8 yebhiliyoni ye-yuan kwi-100,000-toni ye-anode isiseko esihlanganisiweyo sezinto ze-anode. Emva kokuba iprojekthi igqityiwe kwaye ifakwe kwimveliso, inokuvelisa iitoni ezingama-60,000 zezinto ze-graphite anode kunye ne-40,000 yeetoni ze-carbon-coated graphite anode materials. Umthamo wonyaka wemveliso yeetoni ezingama-50,000 zokusetyenzwa kwegraphitization.

Ngokutsho kwedatha yophando evela kwiZiko loPhando oluPhambili kunye noPhuhliso lweLithium Power Research (GGII), ukuthunyelwa okupheleleyo kwezinto ze-lithium ibhetri ye-anode e-China yafikelela kwiitoni ze-192,000 kwi-2018, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-31.2%. Phakathi kwazo, ukuthunyelwa kwemathiriyeli ye-anode ye-Shanshan Technology kubekwe kwindawo yesibini kushishino, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwegraphite eyenziweyo kubekwe kwindawo yokuqala.

“Siziitoni eziyi-100,000 zemveliso kulo nyaka. Kunyaka olandelayo nakunyaka olandelayo, siza kwandisa umthamo wemveliso ngokukhawuleza, kwaye siya kuwabamba ngokukhawuleza amandla amaxabiso oshishino ngobungakanani kunye nokusebenza kweendleko. UZheng Yonggang, uSihlalo weShanshan Holdings Board of Directors uthe.

Ngokucacileyo, iqhinga likaShanshan kukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso ngokwandisa umthamo, kwaye ke ngoko kulawulwe uthethathethwano lwemveliso, kunye nokwenza impembelelo yentengiso eyomeleleyo kwezinye iinkampani zemathiriyeli ye-electrode engalunganga, ngaloo ndlela iphucula kwaye idibanisa isabelo sayo semarike. Ukuze kungabikho nto ngokupheleleyo, ezinye iinkampani ze-electrode ezimbi ngokwendalo kufuneka zidibanise neqela lokwandisa umthamo, kodwa uninzi lwazo lunomthamo ophantsi wemveliso.

Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba nangona iinkampani eziphathekayo ze-anode zandisa amandla azo okuvelisa, njengoko iimfuno zokusebenza kweemveliso zebhetri zamandla ziqhubeka zikhula, iimfuno eziphezulu zibekwe kwimveliso yemveliso ye-anode. I-graphite yendalo ephezulu kunye neemveliso ze-graphite ezenziweyo zikhawuleza ukutshintshwa kwezinto eziphantsi kwe-anode, oku kuthetha ukuba inani elikhulu lamashishini amancinci naphakathi anode ayinakuthotyelwa yimfuno yeebhetri eziphezulu.

Ugxininiso lwentengiso luphuculwe ngakumbi

Njengakwimakethi yebhetri yamandla, ingxinano yentengiso ye-anode iyanda ngakumbi, kunye neenkampani zeentloko ezimbalwa ezithatha isabelo esikhulu semakethi.

Izibalo ze-GGII zibonisa ukuba kwi-2018, i-lithium ye-lithium ibhetri ye-anode izinto ezithunyelwayo zizonke zifikelele kwiitoni ze-192,000, ukwanda kwe-31.2%.

Phakathi kwabo, i-Betray, i-Shanshan Technology, i-Jiangxi Zijing, i-Dongguan Kaijin, i-Xiangfenghua, i-Zhongke Xingcheng, i-Jiangxi Zhengtuo, i-Shenzhen Snow, i-Shenzhen Jinrun, i-Changsha Geji kunye nezinye iinkampani zezixhobo ezimbi ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kweshumi.

Ngo-2018, ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ze-anode ze-TOP4 kudlule iitoni ezingama-25,000, kwaye isabelo semarike ye-TOP4 siphelele kwi-71%, i-4 yeepesenti yeepesenti ukusuka kwi-2017, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamashishini kunye neenkampani zentloko emva kwendawo yesihlanu. Umsantsa wevolumu uyanda. Isizathu esona sizathu kukuba iphethini yokhuphiswano lwemarike yebhetri yamandla iye yatshintsha kakhulu, okubangele utshintsho kwipatheni yokhuphiswano lwezinto ze-anode.

Amanani eGGII abonisa ukuba umthamo ofakiweyo webhetri yamandla waseTshayina kwisiqingatha sokuqala sowama-2019 wawumalunga ne-30.01GWh, ukonyuka konyaka ngonyaka ngama-93%. Phakathi kwazo, amandla ewonke afakiweyo eenkampani ezilishumi eziphezulu zebhetri zamandla ziphelele malunga ne-26.38GWh, ebalwa malunga ne-88% iyonke.

Phakathi kweenkampani ezilishumi eziphezulu zebhetri zamandla ngokubhekiselele kumandla afakiweyo ewonke, kuphela ixesha le-Ningde, i-BYD, i-Guoxuan Hi-Tech, kunye neebhetri ze-Lishen ziphakathi kweshumi eliphezulu, kwaye imigangatho yezinye iinkampani zebhetri ziyaguquguquka rhoqo ngenyanga.

Ukuchatshazelwa lutshintsho kwimakethi yebhetri yamandla, ukhuphiswano lwentengiso yezixhobo ze-anode luye lwatshintsha ngokufanelekileyo. Phakathi kwazo, iShanshan Technology, iJiangxi Zijing kunye neDongguan Kaijin ikakhulu zenziwe ngeemveliso zegraphite ezenziweyo. Baqhutywa liqela labathengi abakumgangatho ophezulu njengeNingde Times, BYD, Yiwei Lithium Energy kunye neLishen Battery. Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kunyuke kakhulu kwaye isabelo semarike sandile.

Ezinye zeenkampani ze-electrode ezingalunganga ziye zafumana ukwehla okubukhali kumthamo ofakiweyo wemveliso yebhetri engalunganga ngo-2018.

Ukujonga kukhuphiswano lwangoku kwimarike yebhetri yamandla, imarike yeenkampani ezilishumi eziphezulu zebhetri iphezulu malunga ne-90%, oko kuthetha ukuba amathuba entengiso kwezinye iinkampani zebhetri aya exhaphake kakhulu, kwaye emva koko adluliselwe phezulu. intsimi yezinto ze-anode, ukwenza iqela lamashishini amancinci naphakathi anode ajongene noxinzelelo olukhulu lokuSinda.

I-GGII ikholelwa ukuba kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo, ukhuphiswano kwi-market material ye-anode luya kuqinisa ngakumbi, kwaye umthamo ophantsi wokuphindaphinda uya kupheliswa. Amashishini anetekhnoloji engundoqo kunye namajelo aluncedo abathengi aya kuba nakho ukufezekisa ukukhula okubonakalayo.

Ugxininiso lwemarike luya kuphuculwa ngakumbi. Kwishishini lesibini kunye nelesithathu lezinto ze-anode, uxinzelelo lokusebenza luya kunyuka ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kwaye kufuneka lucwangcise indlela eya phambili.