"Iphi imoto yamafutha embi, kutheni kufuneka siphuhlise iimoto zamandla amatsha?" Lo kufuneka ibe ngowona mbuzo uphambili abantu abaninzi abawucingayo malunga “nendlela yomoya” yangoku yoshishino lweemoto. Phantsi kwenkxaso yezilogeni ezinkulu "zokuncipha kwamandla", "ukonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwamandla" kunye "nokuvelisa ukuveliswa", imfuno yaseChina yokuphuhlisa imithombo yamandla emitsha ayikaqondwa kwaye yamkelwe luluntu.
Enyanisweni, emva kwamashumi eminyaka yenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo kwiimoto ze-injini yokutsha, inkqubo yokuvelisa evuthiweyo ngoku, ukuxhaswa kweemarike kunye nexabiso eliphantsi kunye neemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu zenza kube nzima ukuqonda ukuba kutheni imboni kufuneka ishiye le "ndlela yecala" kwaye iphendukele kuphuhliso. . Amandla amatsha “ngumzila wodaka” ongekabikho mngcipheko. Kutheni le nto kufuneka siphuhlise ishishini elitsha lamandla? Lo mbuzo ulula kwaye ungqale kukungaqondi kwaye ayaziwa kuthi sonke.
Kwiminyaka esixhenxe eyadlulayo, “kwiPhepha leNgcaciso yoMgaqo-nkqubo we-China waMandla wowama-2012”, isicwangciso-qhinga sesizwe “siya kuphuhlisa ngokuqinileyo amandla amatsha namandla ahlaziyekayo” siya kucaciswa. Ukusukela ngoko, ishishini le-auto laseTshayina litshintshile ngokukhawuleza, kwaye liye latshintsha ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwisicwangciso sesithuthi samafutha ukuya kwisicwangciso esitsha samandla. Emva koko, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso zamandla amatsha ezinxulumene "nenkxaso-mali" zangena ngokukhawuleza kwiimarike, kwaye ilizwi lokungathandabuzeki laqala ukujikeleza amandla amatsha. ishishini.
Ilizwi lokubuza livela kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo, kwaye isihloko siphinde sakhokelela ngokuthe ngqo phezulu kunye nezantsi kweshishini. Ithini imeko yangoku yamandla emveli aseTshayina kunye namandla ahlaziyekayo? Ngaba ishishini lokuvelisa iimoto laseTshayina lingagoba? Indlela yokujongana neenqwelo zamandla amatsha ahlala umhlala-phantsi kwixesha elizayo, nokuba ungcoliseko lukhona? Amathandabuzo amaninzi, ukuzithemba okuncinci, indlela yokufumana imeko yokwenyani emva kwezi ngxaki, ikota yokuqala yekholomu iya kujolisa umthwali obalulekileyo ojikeleze ishishini - ibhetri.
Iikholamu azinakuthintelwa "imiba yamandla"
Ngokungafani nemoto yepetroli, i-petroli ayifuni umthuthi (ukuba itanki yepetroli ayibali), kodwa "umbane" kufuneka uqhutywe yibhetri. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufuna ukubuyela kumthombo weshishini, ngoko "umbane" uyisinyathelo sokuqala ekuphuhliseni amandla amatsha. Umba wombane unxulunyaniswa ngokuthe ngqo nomba wamandla. Kukho umbuzo ocacileyo ngoku: Ngaba ukukhuthaza ngamandla imithombo yamandla amatsha ngenene ngenxa yokuba ugcino lwamandla olumanyeneyo lwaseTshayina lusemnyango? Ngoko ke ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngokwenene malunga nophuhliso lweebhetri kunye namandla amatsha, kufuneka siphendule imibuzo malunga nombuzo wangoku waseTshayina "wokusebenzisa umbane okanye ukusebenzisa ioli".
Umbuzo 1: Ubume bexesha lamandla emveli aseTshayina
Ngokungafani nesizathu sokuba abantu baqale ukuzama izithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo kwiminyaka eyi-100 edlulileyo, i-revolution entsha yabangelwa ukutshintshwa kwe "fuel yendabuko" ukuya "kumandla avuselelekayo". Kukho "iinguqulelo" ezahlukeneyo ekutolikweni kwemeko yamandla eTshayina kwi-Intanethi, kodwa imiba emininzi yedatha ibonisa ukuba ugcino lwamandla emveli lwaseTshayina alunyamezeleki kwaye luxhalabile njengothumelo lomnatha, kunye noovimba abasondelelene kakhulu neemoto nabo. kuxoxwe luluntu. Enye yezona zihloko ezininzi.
Ngokutsho kwedatha kwi-China Energy Report 2018, nangona imveliso yeoli yasekhaya iyancipha, i-China iye yahlala isesimweni esizinzileyo ngokubhekiselele kurhwebo lwangaphandle lwamandla kunye nokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kweoli. Oku kunokungqina ukuba ubuncinci uphuhliso lwangoku lwamandla amatsha alunxulumananga ngokuthe ngqo “nendawo yokugcina ioyile.”
Kodwa idityaniswe ngokungangqalanga? Kwimeko yorhwebo lwamandla oluzinzileyo, ukuxhomekeka kwamandla emveli aseTshayina kusephezulu. Kuwo onke amandla avela kumazwe angaphandle, i-oli ekrwada ibalelwa kwi-66% kwaye amalahle abalelwa kwi-18%. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-2017, ukuthengiswa kweoli ekrwada kuyaqhubeka ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngo-2018, ukungeniswa kwe-oyile ekrwada eTshayina kufikelele kwi-460 yezigidi zeetoni, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka nge-10%. Ukuxhomekeka kwe-oli ekrwada kumazwe angaphandle kufikelele kuma-71%, into ethetha ukuba ngaphezulu kwesibini kwisithathu se-oli ekrwada yaseChina ixhomekeke ekuthengeni ngaphandle.
Emva kophuhliso lwamashishini amatsha ombane, indlela yokusetyenziswa kwe-oyile yaseTshayina iyaqhubeka nokucotha, kodwa xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2017, ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile yaseTshayina kusanyuke nge-3.4%. Ngokumalunga nomthamo wokuvelisa i-oyile ekrwada, kukho ukuhla okukhulu kwi-2016-2018 xa kuthelekiswa no-2015, kwaye ukutshintshwa kwendlela yokwandisa ukuxhomekeka kwintengiso yeoli.
Phantsi kwemeko ekhoyo ngoku yogcino lwamandla emveli yaseTshayina “ukuxhomekeka kokungenzi nto”, kukwanethemba lokuba uphuhliso loshishino lwamandla amatsha luya kutshintsha nolwakhiwo lokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ngo-2018, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla acocekileyo afana nerhasi yendalo, amandla ombane, amandla enyukliya kunye namandla omoya kubalelwa kwi-22.1% yosetyenziso lwamandla lulonke, oluye lwanda iminyaka emininzi.
Kwinguqu yokucoca amandla kwimithombo yamandla emveli, i-carbon low-carbon-free, i-target-free target ihambelana ngoku, njengokuba ii-auto brand zaseYurophu kunye neMelika ngoku zisusa "ixesha lokuyeka ukuthengisa izithuthi zamafutha". Noko ke, amazwe axhomekeke ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwimithombo yamandla eqhelekileyo, yaye “ukunqongophala kweoli ekrwada” kweTshayina yenye yeengxaki zokutshintshela kumandla acocekileyo. UZhu Xi, umalathisi we-Energy Economics yeChinese Academy of Social Sciences, wathi: “Ngenxa yamaxesha ahlukeneyo amazwe, iTshayina isekwixesha lamalahle, ihlabathi lingenile kwixesha leoli negesi, nenkqubo yokufuduka. ngokubhekiselele kwinkqubo yamandla ahlaziyekayo kwixesha elizayo ngokuqinisekileyo yahlukile. I-China inokuwela i-oyile kunye negesi. Amaxesha.” Umthombo: Indlu yemoto
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-04-2019