1. nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea tšepe e tsamaisa kholo ea tlhoko ea lefats'e ea li-electrode tsa graphite
1.1 kenyelletso e khutšoanyane ea electrode ea graphite
Elektrode ea graphiteke mofuta oa thepa e tsamaisang graphite e hanyetsanang le mocheso o phahameng.Ke mofuta oa mocheso o phahameng o hanyetsanang le lisebelisoa tsa graphite conductive, tse entsoeng ka calcining lisebelisoa tse tala, ho sila phofo e silang, ho kopanya, ho kopanya, ho etsa, ho baka, ho kenya letsoho, graphitization le ts'ebetso ea mechine, e bitsoang electrode ea maiketsetso ea graphite (electrode ea graphite) ho ho khetholla ho sebelisoa ha leholimo Leha ho le joalo, graphite ke electrode ea tlhaho ea graphite e lokiselitsoeng ho tloha lihlahisoa tse tala.Li-electrode tsa graphite li ka tsamaisa hona joale le ho hlahisa motlakase, kahoo li qhibilihisa tšepe ea tšepe kapa lisebelisoa tse ling tse tala ka sebōping se chesang ho hlahisa tšepe le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa tšepe, tse sebelisoang haholo-holo tlhahiso ea tšepe.Graphite electrode ke mofuta oa thepa e nang le resistivity e tlase le ho hanyetsa mocheso oa mocheso ka sebōping sa arc.Litšobotsi tse ka sehloohong tsa tlhahiso ea li-electrode tsa graphite ke potoloho e telele ea tlhahiso (hangata e tšoarella likhoeli tse tharo ho isa ho tse hlano), tšebeliso e kholo ea matla le ts'ebetso e rarahaneng ea tlhahiso.
Lisebelisoa tse tala tse ka holimo ho ketane ea indasteri ea li-electrode tsa graphite ke haholo-holo coke ea petroleum le coke ea nale, 'me thepa e tala e ikarabella bakeng sa karolo e kholo ea litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea electrode ea graphite, e leng karolo e fetang 65%, hobane ho ntse ho e-na le lekhalo le leholo pakeng tsa graphite electrode. Theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea nale ea China le theknoloji ha e bapisoa le United States le Japane, ho thata ho tiisa boleng ba nale ea lapeng, kahoo China e ntse e itšetlehile haholo ka boleng bo phahameng ba nale coke import.Ka 2018, kakaretso ea 'maraka oa nale ea coke Chaena ke lithane tse 418000,' me ho kenngoa ha nale coke Chaena ho fihla lithane tse 218000, tse fetang 50%;Tšebeliso e ka sehloohong ea li-electrode tsa graphite ke ho etsa tšepe ea tšepe ea arc.
Sehlopha se tloaelehileng sa electrode ea graphite se itšetlehile ka thepa ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale ea lihlahisoa tse felileng.Tlas'a maemo ana a lihlopha, electrode ea graphite e ka aroloa ka elektrode e tloaelehileng ea graphite, elektrode e phahameng ea graphite le electrode ea graphite e phahameng haholo.Li-electrode tsa graphite tse nang le matla a fapaneng li fapane ka thepa e tala, ho hanyetsa li-electrode, modulus elastic, matla a flexural, coefficient ea ho atolosoa ha mocheso, sekhahla se amohelehang sa hona joale le masimo a kopo.
1.2.Tlhahlobo ea nalane ea nts'etsopele ea graphite electrode Chaena
graphite electrode e haholo-holo sebelisoa ka tšepe le tšepe smelting.Nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea li-electrode tsa graphite ea China ha e le hantle e lumellana le ts'ebetso ea sejoale-joale ea indasteri ea tšepe le tšepe ea China.Graphite electrode naheng ea China e qalile lilemong tsa bo-1950, 'me e bile le mekhahlelo e meraro ho tloha ha e tsoaloa
Mmaraka oa li-electrode tsa graphite o lebelletsoe ho fetoha ka 2021. Karolong ea pele ea 2020, e anngoeng ke boemo ba seoa, tlhoko ea lehae e ile ea theoha haholo, litaelo tsa kantle ho naha li ile tsa lieha, mme palo e kholo ea mehloli ea thepa e amme 'maraka oa lapeng.Ka Pherekhong 2020, theko ea graphite electrode e ile ea phahama ka nako e khuts'oane, empa haufinyane ntoa ea theko e ile ea tota.Ho lebelletsoe hore ka ho hlaphoheloa ha mebaraka ea lapeng le kantle le kholo ea ho qhibilihisa sebopi sa motlakase tlasa leano la lehae la khabone e sa nke lehlakore, 'maraka oa graphite electrode o lebelletsoe ho khutlela morao.Ho tloha ka 2020, ha theko ea li-electrode tsa graphite e theoha 'me e batla ho tsitsa, tlhoko ea lapeng ea graphite electrode bakeng sa ho etsa tšepe ea EAF e ntse e eketseha,' me bophahamo ba thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha ea "ultra-high power graphite electrode" bo ntse bo eketseha butle butle, 'maraka oa graphite oa China o ntse o eketseha. indasteri ea li-electrode e tla eketseha butle-butle, 'me indasteri e tla hōla butle-butle.
2. mokhoa oa phepelo le tlhokahalo ea electrode ea graphite e lebelletsoe ho fetoha
2.1.ho fetoha ha theko ea lefats'e ea electrode ea graphite e batla e le khōlō
Ho tloha ka 2014 ho isa ho 2016, ka lebaka la ho fokola ha tlhokahalo e tlase, 'maraka oa lefats'e oa li-electrode tsa graphite o ile oa theoha,' me theko ea electrode ea graphite e ile ea lula e le tlaase.E le thepa e ka sehloohong e tala ea electrode ea graphite, theko ea nale ea coke e theohile ho $ 562.2 ka tonne ka 2016. Kaha Chaena ke motlatsi oa letlooa la nale, tlhokahalo ea Chaena e na le tšusumetso e kholo ho theko ea nale coke ka ntle ho Chaena.Ka matla a bahlahisi ba li-electrode tsa graphite a oelang ka tlase ho moeli oa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ka 2016, thepa ea sechaba e fihlile boemong bo tlaase.Ka 2017, pholisi qetellong e hlakotsoe sebōpi sa maqhubu a lipakeng tsa Di Tiao tšepe, 'me palo e kholo ea tšepe ea tšepe e ile ea phalla ka sebōping sa semela sa tšepe, e leng se ileng sa fella ka keketseho ea tšohanyetso ea tlhokahalo ea indasteri ea graphite electrode Chaena karolong ea bobeli ea 2017. Keketseho ea tlhokahalo ea electrode ea graphite e ile ea etsa hore theko ea nale ea coke e nyolohe haholo ka selemo sa 2017, 'me e fihle ho US $ 3769.9 ka tonne ka 2019, ka makhetlo a 5.7 ha e bapisoa le 2016.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, lehlakore la leano la lehae le ntse le ts'ehetsa le ho tataisa ts'ebetso e khuts'oane ea ho etsoa ha tšepe ea EAF sebakeng sa tšepe ea converter, e khothalelitseng keketseho ea tlhoko ea li-electrode tsa graphite indastering ea tšepe ea China.Ho tloha ka 2017, 'maraka oa lefats'e oa tšepe oa EAF o folile, e leng se lebisang khaellong ea phepelo ea li-electrode tsa graphite lefatšeng ka bophara.Tlhokahalo ea li-electrode tsa graphite kantle ho China e ile ea phahama haholo ka 2017 mme theko e fihlile boemong ba eona bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa.Ho tloha ka nako eo, ka lebaka la matsete a feteletseng, tlhahiso le theko, 'maraka o na le thepa e ngata haholo,' me theko e tloaelehileng ea graphite electrode e theohile ka 2019. Ka 2019, theko ea uhhp graphite electrode e ne e tsitsitse ho US $ 8824.0 ka tonne, empa e e ile ea lula e phahame ho feta theko ea histori pele ho 2016.
Halofo ea pele ea 2020, COVID-19 e lebisitse ho theoheng ho hong ho theko e tloaelehileng ea thekiso ea li-electrode tsa graphite, mme theko ea nale ea lapeng e theohile ho tloha ho 8000 yuan / ton ho ea ho 4500 yuan / ton mafelong a Phato, kapa 43.75% .Litsenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea nale coke Chaena ke 5000-6000 yuan / ton, 'me bahlahisi ba bangata ba ka tlase ho tekanyo ea tekanyo ea phaello le tahlehelo.Ka ho hlaphoheloa ha moruo, tlhahiso le papatso ea li-electrode tsa graphite Chaena li ntlafetse ho tloha ka August, tekanyo ea ho qala ea tšepe ea sebōpi sa motlakase e bolokiloe ho 65%, cheseho ea limela tsa tšepe ea ho reka li-electrode tsa graphite e tsohile, 'me lethathamo la lipatlisiso. bakeng sa 'maraka oa kantle ho naha o eketsehile butle-butle.Theko ea electrode ea graphite e boetse e ntse e phahama ho tloha ka September 2020. Theko ea electrode ea graphite e eketsehile ka kakaretso ka 500-1500 yuan / ton, 'me theko ea thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling e eketsehile haholo.
Ho tloha 2021, e anngoeng ke boemo ba seoa Profinseng ea Hebei, limela tse ngata tsa graphite electrode li koetsoe 'me likoloi tsa lipalangoang li laoloa ka thata,' me li-electrode tsa graphite tsa lehae li ke ke tsa rekisoa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng.Theko ea lihlahisoa tse tloaelehileng le tse matla haholo 'marakeng oa li-electrode tsa graphite li phahame.Theko ea mantlha ea tlhahiso ea uhp450mm e nang le 30% ea li-coke tsa nale 'marakeng ke 15-15500 yuan / ton, mme theko ea mantlha ea tlhahiso ea uhp600mm ke 185-19500 yuan / ton, ho tloha ho 500-2000 yuan / ton.Theko e ntseng e phahama ea thepa e tala e boetse e tšehetsa theko ea electrode ea graphite.Hajoale, theko ea nale ea letoto la mashala a lehae e ka ba li-yuan tse 7000, letoto la oli le ka bang 7800, 'me theko ea kantle e ka ba lidolara tse 1500 tsa Amerika.Ho latela tlhaiso-leseling ea Bachuan, bahlahisi ba bang ba ka sehloohong ba laetse mohloli oa thepa ka Hlakola.Ka lebaka la tlhokomelo e bohareng ea barekisi ba ka sehloohong ba thepa e tala lapeng le kantle ho naha ka Mmesa, ho lebelletsoe hore elektrode ea graphite ea 2021 e ntse e tla ba le sebaka sa ho nyoloha halofo ea pele ea selemo.Leha ho le joalo, ka ho eketseha ha litšenyehelo, qetello ea tlhokahalo ea ho qhibilihisa sebōpi sa motlakase se theohelang tlaase e tla fokola, 'me theko ea electrode ea graphite karolong ea bobeli ea selemo e lebeletsoe hore e lule e tsitsitse.
2.2.sebaka sa kholo ea boleng bo holimo ba malapeng le eleketrode ea matla a phahameng a graphite e kholo
Sehlahisoa sa li-electrode tsa graphite mose ho maoatle se fokotsehile, 'me matla a tlhahiso ke li-electrode tsa graphite tse matla haholo.Ho tloha 2014 ho isa 2019, tlhahiso ea li-electrode tsa graphite lefatšeng ka bophara (ntle le China) e fokotsehile ho tloha ho lithane tse 800000 ho ea ho lithane tse 710000, ka sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo ea - 2.4%.Ka lebaka la ho heletsoa ha limela tse nang le matla a tlaase, ho lokisoa ha nako e telele le ho tsosolosoa ha tikoloho, bokhoni le tlhahiso ka ntle ho Chaena li ntse li fokotseha, 'me lekhalo pakeng tsa lihlahisoa le tšebeliso e tlatsitsoe ke li-electrode tsa graphite tse rometsoeng ke Chaena.Ho tsoa sebopeho sa sehlahisoa, tlhahiso ea li-electrode tsa graphite tsa matla a phahameng haholo mose ho maoatle li etsa hoo e ka bang 90% ea kakaretso ea li-electrode tsohle tsa graphite (ntle le China).Elektrode ea boleng bo phahameng le e phahameng ea matla a graphite e sebelisoa haholo ho hlahisa tšepe e sa hloekang le tšepe e khethehileng.Moetsi o hloka li-index tse phahameng tsa 'mele le tsa lik'hemik'hale tse kang density, resistivity le molora oa li-electrode tse joalo.
Sehlahisoa sa elektrode ea graphite naheng ea China se ntse se tsoela pele ho nyoloha, 'me matla a tlhahiso ea elektrode ea graphite ea boleng bo holimo le ea matla a phahameng haholo a lekanyelitsoe.Tlhahiso ea electrode ea graphite naheng ea Chaena e fokotsehile ho tloha ho lithane tse 570000 ka 2014 ho ea ho lithane tse 500000 ka 2016. Tlhahiso ea Chaena e tsoetse pele ho tloha ka 2017 'me e fihlile ho lithane tse 800000 ka 2019. -matla a ho etsa li-electrode electrode, empa bakeng sa graphite ea boleng bo phahameng le ea ultra-high-power, matla a tlhahiso ea malapeng a fokotsehile haholo.Ka selemo sa 2019, tlhahiso ea li-electrode tsa graphite tsa boleng bo holimo tsa China ke lithane tse 86000 feela, tse etsang karolo ea 10% ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso, e fapaneng haholo le sebopeho sa lihlahisoa tsa li-electrode tsa kantle ho naha.
Ho latela pono ea tlhokahalo, tšebeliso ea li-electrode tsa graphite lefatšeng (ntle le China) ka 2014-2019 e lula e le kholo ho feta tlhahiso, mme kamora 2017, ts'ebeliso e eketseha selemo le selemo.Ka 2019, tšebeliso ea li-electrode tsa graphite lefatšeng (ntle le China) e ne e le lithane tse 890000.Ho tloha ka 2014 ho isa ho 2015, tšebeliso ea li-electrode tsa graphite Chaena e fokotsehile ho tloha ho lithane tse 390000 ho ea ho lithane tse 360000, 'me tlhahiso ea li-electrode tsa graphite tsa boleng bo phahameng le tse phahameng haholo li fokotsehile ho tloha ho lithane tse 23800 ho ea ho lithane tse 20300.Ho tloha 2016 ho isa 2017, ka lebaka la ho hlaphoheloa butle-butle ha matla a 'maraka a tšepe Chaena, karolo ea ho etsa tšepe ea EAF e ntse e eketseha.Ho sa le joalo, palo ea li-EAF tse phahameng tse sebelisoang ke baetsi ba tšepe e eketseha.Tlhokahalo ea li-electrode tsa graphite tsa boleng bo holimo e eketsehile ho fihla ho lithane tse 580000 ka selemo sa 2019, moo tlhokahalo ea li-electrode tsa boleng bo holimo tsa graphite e fihlang ho lithane tse 66300, 'me CAGR ka 2017-2019 e fihla ho 68%. .Graphite electrode (haholo-holo matla a phahameng a graphite electrode) e lebelletsoe ho kopana le tlhokahalo ea resonance e tsamaisoang ke ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le tlhahiso e fokolang qetellong ea phepelo le ho kenella ha tšepe ea sebōpi qetellong ea tlhokahalo.
3. kholo ea nako e khutšoanyane ea smelting e khanna nts'etsopele ea electrode ea graphite
3.1.tlhokahalo ea sebōpi se secha sa motlakase ho khanna electrode ea graphite
Indasteri ea tšepe ke e 'ngoe ea liindasteri tsa litšiea tsa ntlafatso ea sechaba le tsoelopele.Lilemong tsa morao tjena, tlhahiso ea tšepe e tala lefatšeng ka bophara e bolokile kholo e tsitsitseng.Tšepe e sebelisoa haholo indastering ea likoloi, ea kaho, ea ho paka le ea literene, 'me tšebeliso ea tšepe lefatšeng ka bophara le eona e eketsehile butle-butle.Ka nako e ts'oanang, boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa tšepe bo 'nile ba ntlafatsoa' me melao ea tšireletso ea tikoloho e ntse e eketseha.Bahlahisi ba bang ba tšepe ba fetohela ho tlhahiso ea tšepe ea arc, ha electrode ea graphite e le ea bohlokoa haholo ho sebōpi sa arc, kahoo ho ntlafatsa litlhoko tsa boleng ba electrode ea graphite.Ho qhibilihisa tšepe le tšepe ke sebaka se ka sehloohong sa ts'ebeliso ea li-electrode tsa graphite, tse etsang karolo ea 80% ea kakaretso ea tšebeliso ea elektrode ea graphite.Ka ho qhibilihisoa ha tšepe le tšepe, ho etsa litšepe tsa sebōpi tsa motlakase ho etsa hoo e ka bang 50% ea kakaretso ea tšebeliso ea electrode ea graphite, 'me ho hloekisa ka ntle ho tlaleho ea sebōpi ho feta 25% ea kakaretso ea tšebeliso ea electrode ea graphite.Lefatšeng, ka 2015, peresente ea kakaretso ea lihlahisoa tsa tšepe e tala lefatšeng e ne e le 25.2%, 62.7%, 39.4% le 22.9% ka ho latellana United States, linaha tse 27 tsa European Union le Japane, ha ka 2015, Tlhahiso ea tšepe e tala ea China ea sebōpi sa motlakase e bile karolo ea 5.9%, e neng e le tlase haholo ho feta boemo ba lefatše.Ha nako e ntse e ea, theknoloji ea mekhoa e khutšoanyane e na le melemo e totobetseng holim'a ts'ebetso e telele.Indasteri e khethehileng ea tšepe e nang le EAF joalo ka thepa ea mantlha ea tlhahiso e lebelletsoe ho hola ka potlako.Lisebelisoa tse lahliloeng tsa lisebelisoa tse tala tsa tšepe ea EAF li tla ba le sebaka se seholo sa nts'etsopele ea bokamoso.Ka hona, ho etsoa ha tšepe ea EAF ho lebelletsoe ho hola ka potlako, ka hona ho eketsa tlhoko ea elektrode ea graphite.Ho ea ka pono ea tekheniki, EAF ke sesebelisoa sa mantlha sa ho etsa tšepe ea nako e khuts'oane.Theknoloji e khutšoanyane ea ho etsa tšepe ea tšepe e na le melemo e totobetseng ka katleho ea tlhahiso, tšireletso ea tikoloho, litšenyehelo tsa lichelete tsa kaho ea motse-moholo le ho fetoha ha maemo;ho tloha tlaase, hoo e ka bang 70% ea tšepe e khethehileng le 100% ea tšepe e phahameng ea alloy Chaena e hlahisoa ke sebōpi sa arc.Ka 2016, tlhahiso ea tšepe e khethehileng Chaena ke 1/5 feela ea Japane, 'me lihlahisoa tse khethehileng tsa tšepe tse phahameng li hlahisoa feela Japane Karolo ea kakaretso ke 1/8 feela ea Japane.Tsoelo-pele ea nakong e tlang ea tšepe e khethehileng ea boleng bo phahameng Chaena e tla khanna nts'etsopele ea electrode ea graphite bakeng sa tšepe ea sebōpi sa motlakase le sebōpi sa motlakase;ka hona, polokelo ea lisebelisoa tsa tšepe le tšebeliso ea lihlahisoa tsa tšepe Chaena li na le sebaka se seholo sa nts'etsopele, 'me motheo oa lisebelisoa tsa nako e khutšoanyane tsa tšepe nakong e tlang o matla.
Sehlahisoa sa electrode ea graphite se lumellana le mokhoa oa phetoho oa tlhahiso ea tšepe ea sebōpi sa motlakase.Keketseho ea tlhahiso ea tšepe ea sebōpi e tla tsamaisa tlhokahalo ea electrode ea graphite nakong e tlang.Ho ea ka lintlha tsa Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Iron and Steel Association le China Carbon Industry Association, tlhahiso ea tšepe ea sebōpi ea motlakase Chaena ka 2019 ke lithane tse limilione tse 127.4, 'me tlhahiso ea electrode ea graphite ke lithane tse 7421000.Sekhahla le sekhahla sa kholo ea li-electrode tsa graphite Chaena li amana haufi-ufi le tlhahiso le sekhahla sa kholo ea tšepe ea sebōpi sa motlakase Chaena.Ho ea ka pono ea tlhahiso, tlhahiso ea tšepe ea sebōpi ea motlakase ka 2011 e fihlile tlhōrōng ea eona, joale e ile ea fokotseha selemo le selemo, 'me tlhahiso ea electrode ea graphite Chaena le eona e ile ea fokotseha selemo le selemo ka mor'a 2011. Ka 2016, Lekala la indasteri le tlhahisoleseding. thekenoloji e kene ditjhesong tsa motlakase tse ka bang 205 tsa dikgwebo tsa ho etsa tshepe, tse nang le tlhahiso ya ditone tse dimilione tse 45, e leng karolo ya 6.72% ya tlhahiso ya naha ya tshepe e tala selemong sa jwale.Ka 2017, ho ile ha eketsoa tse ncha tse 127, ka tlhahiso ea lithane tse 75million, e leng karolo ea 9.32% ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea tšepe e tala selemong sona seo;ka 2018, 34 e ncha e ile ea eketsoa, ka tlhahiso ea lithane tse limilione tse 100, e leng karolo ea 11% ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea tšepe e tala selemong sa hona joale;ka 2019, libono tsa motlakase tse ka tlase ho 50t li ile tsa felisoa, 'me libono tsa motlakase tse sa tsoa hahoa le tse hlahisoang Chaena li ne li feta 355, li ikarabella bakeng sa karolo ea E fihlile ho 12.8%.Karolo ea tšepe ea sebōpi sa motlakase Chaena e ntse e le tlase ho feta karolelano ea lefatše lohle, empa lekhalo le qala ho fokotseha butle-butle.Ho tloha ho sekhahla sa kholo, tlhahiso ea electrode ea graphite e bonts'a mokhoa oa ho fetoha le ho theoha.Ka 2015, mokhoa o fokolang oa tlhahiso ea tšepe ea sebōpi sa motlakase o fokotsehile, 'me tlhahiso ea electrode ea graphite e fokotseha.Karolo ea tlhahiso ea tšepe nakong e tlang e tla ba kholoanyane, e tla khanna sebaka sa tlhokahalo ea nakong e tlang ea electrode ea graphite bakeng sa sebōpi sa motlakase.
Ho ea ka pholisi ea tokiso ea indasteri ea tšepe e fanoeng ke Lekala la indasteri le thekenoloji ea tlhahisoleseling, ho khothaletsoa ka ho hlaka hore "ho khothaletsoa ho khothaletsoa ha ts'ebetso e khutšoane ea ts'ebetso ea ho etsa litšepe le ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa ka tšepe ea khale joalo ka thepa e tala.Ka 2025, karo-karolelano ea likhechana tsa tšepe tsa likhoebo tsa China ha e na ho ba ka tlase ho 30%.Ka nts'etsopele ea moralo oa lilemo tse hlano oa bo-14 mafapheng a fapaneng, ho lebelletsoe hore karolo ea ts'ebetso e khuts'oane e tla ntlafatsa tlhokahalo ea eleketrode ea graphite, e leng thepa ea bohlokoa ka holimo.
Ntle le China, linaha tse kholo tse hlahisang tšepe lefatšeng, joalo ka United States, Japan le Korea Boroa, li etsa litšepe tsa sebopi tsa motlakase, tse hlokang li-electrode tse ngata tsa graphite, athe China ea graphite electrode e etsa karolo e fetang 50% ea lefatše lohle. bokhoni, e leng se etsang hore China e be morekisi oa kantle oa li-electrode tsa graphite.Ka selemo sa 2018, palo ea kantle ho naha ea graphite electrode ea China e fihlile ho lithane tse 287000, keketseho ea 21.11% selemo le selemo, ho boloka mokhoa oa kholo, le keketseho e kholo ka lilemo tse tharo tse latellanang.Ho lebelletsoe hore bophahamo ba thomello ea graphite electrode naheng ea China bo tla nyolohela ho lithane tse 398000 ka 2023, ka sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo sa 5.5%.Ka lebaka la ntlafatso ea boemo ba botekgeniki ba indasteri, lihlahisoa tsa China tsa graphite electrode butle-butle li ile tsa amoheloa le ho amoheloa ke bareki ba mose ho maoatle, 'me chelete e kenang ea thekiso ea lik'hamphani tsa China tsa graphite electrode e eketsehile haholo.Ho nka mohlala oa indasteri ea li-electrode tsa graphite naheng ea Chaena, ka ntlafatso e akaretsang ea indasteri ea li-electrode tsa graphite, ka lebaka la tlholisano ea eona e batlang e le matla ea lihlahisoa, Fangda carbon e ekelitse chelete e kenang mose ho maoatle ea khoebo ea graphite electrode lilemong tse peli tse sa tsoa feta.Lithekiso tsa mose ho maoatle li nyolohile ho tloha ho li-yuan tse limilione tse 430 nakong ea nako e tlase ea indasteri ea li-electrode tsa graphite ka 2016 ho isa Ka 2018, lekeno la mose ho maoatle la khoebo ea graphite electrode le ne le etsa chelete e fetang 30% ea lekeno lohle la k'hamphani, mme tekanyo ea machabeng e ne e ntse e eketseha. .Ka ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea boemo ba tekheniki le tlholisano ea lihlahisoa tsa indasteri ea li-electrode tsa graphite tsa China, elektrode ea graphite ea China e tla ananeloa le ho tšeptjoa ke bareki ba mose ho maoatle.Bophahamo ba kantle ho naha ea eleketrode ea graphite e lebelletsoe ho nyoloha ho feta, e tla fetoha ntlha ea bohlokoa ho khothaletsa tlhahiso ea tšilo ea li-electrode tsa graphite naheng ea China.
3.2.phello ea pholisi ea ts'ireletso ea tikoloho boemong ba seoa e baka hore phepelo ea electrode ea graphite e be thata
Khabone ea ts'ebetso e telele ea ts'ebetso e khuts'oane ea ho etsa tšepe ka seboping sa motlakase e fokotsehile.Ho ea ka morero oa lilemo tse hlano oa indasteri ea tšepe ea litšila, ha e bapisoa le ho etsoa ha tšepe ea tšepe, ho ntšoa ha lithane tse 1,6 tsa carbon dioxide le lithane tse 3 tsa litšila tse tiileng ho ka fokotsoa ka ho sebelisa 1 tonne ea litšila tse entsoeng ka tšepe.Letoto la lits'ebetso li ameha indastering ea tšepe le ea tšepe.Mokhoa o mong le o mong o tla ba le letoto la liphetoho tsa lik'hemik'hale le tsa 'mele.Ka nako e ts'oanang, mefuta e fapaneng ea masalla le litšila li tla lahleloa ha lihlahisoa tse hlokahalang li ntse li hlahisoa.Ka ho bala, re ka fumana hore ha tlhahiso e ts'oanang ea 1 ton slab / billet, ts'ebetso e telele e nang le ts'ebetso ea sintering e tla ntša litšila tse ngata, e leng ea bobeli nakong e telele ea ts'ebetso ea pellet, athe litšila tse hlahisoang ke tšepe ea nakoana. li tlase haholo ho feta tsa ts'ebetso e telele e nang le ts'ebetso ea sintering le ts'ebetso e telele e nang le pellet, e bonts'ang hore ts'ebetso ea nako e khuts'oane ea ho etsa tšepe e na le botsoalle ho tikoloho.E le ho hlola ntoa ea ts'ireletso ea leholimo le leputsoa, liprofinse tse ngata tsa China li fane ka tsebiso ea tlhahiso e makatsang nakong ea mariha le ea selemo, 'me li entse litokisetso tse makatsang bakeng sa likhoebo tsa bohlokoa tse amanang le khase tse kang tšepe, nonferrous, coking, indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale, moaho. lisebelisoa le ho lahla.Har'a tsona, haeba tšebeliso ea matla, ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le polokeho ea likhoebo tsa carbon le ferroalloy tseo elektrode ea graphite e leng ho tsona li hloleha ho fihlela litlhoko tse amehang, liprofinse tse ling li hlahisitse ka ho hlaka hore thibelo ea tlhahiso kapa ho emisa tlhahiso ho tla kengoa tšebetsong ho latela maemo a nnete.
3.3.mokhoa oa phepelo le tlhokahalo ea electrode ea graphite e ntse e fetoha butle-butle
Novel coronavirus pneumonia e bakiloeng ke ho putlama ha moruo oa lefats'e le ts'usumetso e itseng ea ts'ireletso halofong ea pele ea 2020, e entse hore electrode ea graphite ka tlhokahalo ea 'maraka ea lapeng le kantle ho naha e theohe, mme likhoebo tsa graphite electrode indastering li fokotse tlhahiso, tsa emisa tlhahiso le. e entseng tahlehelo.Ka nako e khuts'oane le e mahareng, ntle le tebello ea China ea ho ntlafatsa tlhoko ea li-electrode tsa graphite, matla a li-electrode tsa mose ho maoatle a ka fokotsoa ka lebaka la ts'usumetso ea seoa sena, se tla mpefatsa boemo ba phepelo e thata ea graphite. electrode.
Ho tloha kotara ea bone ea 2020, lethathamo la li-electrode tsa graphite le ntse le theoha khafetsa, mme sekhahla sa ho qala khoebo se eketsehile.Ho tloha ka 2019, phepelo e akaretsang ea li-electrode tsa graphite naheng ea China e bile ngata haholo, mme likhoebo tsa li-electrode tsa graphite le tsona li laola ho qala.Leha ho putlama ha moruo oa lefats'e ka 2020, litlamorao tsa limilone tsa tšepe tsa kantle ho naha tse anngoeng ke COVID-19 li ntse li tsoela pele, empa tlhahiso ea tšepe ea China e ntse e le kholo e tsitsitseng.Leha ho le joalo, theko ea 'maraka oa li-electrode tsa graphite e angoa ke phepelo ea' maraka ho feta, 'me theko e ntse e theoha,' me likhoebo tsa graphite electrode li bile le tahlehelo e kholo.Tse ling tsa likhoebo tse kholo tsa li-electrode tsa graphite naheng ea China li sebelisitse thepa haholo ka Mmesa le Mots'eanong 2020. Hajoale, phepelo le tlhoko ea 'maraka o holimo le o moholo li haufi le ntlha ea ho leka-lekana ea phepelo le tlhoko.Le haeba tlhoko e lula e sa fetohe, letsatsi la phepelo e matla le tlhokahalo e tla tloha e fihla.
Khōlo e potlakileng ea tšebeliso ea matlakala e khothalletsa tlhokahalo.Tšebeliso ea tšepe e senyehileng e eketsehile ho tloha ho lithane tse limilione tse 88.29 ka 2014 ho ea ho lithane tse limilione tse 18781 ka 2018, 'me CAGR e fihlile ho 20.8%.Ka ho buloa ha leano la naha la ho reka thepa e senyehileng le ho eketseha ha karolo ea ho qhibilihisa sebōpi sa motlakase, ho lebeletsoe hore tšebeliso ea litšepe tse lahliloeng e tla ’ne e phahame ka potlako.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, hobane theko ea litšepe tse senyehileng e angoa haholo ke tlhoko ea mose ho maoatle, theko ea masela a mose ho maoatle e nyolohile haholo halofong ea bobeli ea 2020 ka lebaka la tšusumetso ea China e qalileng ho reka thepa kantle ho naha.Hona joale, theko ea lisebelisoa tsa tšepe e boemong bo phahameng, 'me e se e qalile ho khutlela morao ho tloha ka 2021. Ho fokotseha ha tlhokahalo e bakoang ke phello ea boemo ba seoa linaheng tse ling ho lebeletsoe ho tsoela pele ho ama ho fokotseha ha tšepe ea tšepe.Ho lebeletsoe hore theko ea lisebelisoa tsa tšepe e tla tsoela pele ho ameha halofo ea pele ea 2021 Lattice e tla be e oscillating le ho theoha, e leng se thusang ho ntlafatsa lebelo la ho qala ha sebōpi le tlhokahalo ea electrode ea graphite.
Tlhokahalo eohle ea tšepe ea lefats'e ea sebōpi sa lefats'e le tšepe e seng ea sebōpi ka 2019 le 2020 ke lithane tse 1376800 le lithane tse limilione tse 14723 ka ho latellana.Ho boleloa esale pele hore tlhokahalo ea lefats'e ka bophara e tla eketseha ka ho eketsehileng lilemong tse hlano tse latelang, 'me e fihle ho lithane tse limilione tse 2.1444 ka 2025. Tlhokahalo ea tšepe ea sebōpi sa motlakase e ikarabella bakeng sa boholo ba kakaretso.Ho hakanngoa hore tlhoko e tla fihla ho lithane tse limilione tse 1.8995 ka 2025.
Tlhokahalo ea lefats'e ea li-electrode tsa graphite ka 2019 le 2020 ke lithane tse 1376800 le lithane tse limilione tse 14723 ka ho latellana.Ho boleloa esale pele hore tlhokahalo ea lefats'e ka bophara e tla eketseha ka ho eketsehileng lilemong tse hlano tse tlang, 'me ho lebeletsoe hore e fihle ho lithane tse limilione tse 2.1444 ka 2025. Ho sa le joalo, ka 2021 le 2022, phepelo ea lefats'e ea li-electrode tsa graphite e ne e feta 267 le lithane tse 16000 ka ho latellana.Kamora 2023, ho tla ba le khaello ea phepelo, ka lekhalo la lithane -17900, lithane tse 39000 le lithane -24000.
Ka 2019 le 2020, tlhoko ea lefats'e ea li-electrode tsa graphite tsa UHP ke lithane tse 9087000 le lithane tse 986400 ka ho latellana.Ho boleloa esale pele hore tlhokahalo ea lefats'e ka bophara e tla eketseha ka ho eketsehileng lilemong tse hlano tse tlang, 'me e fihle ho lithane tse ka bang limilione tse 1.608 ka 2025. Ho sa le joalo, ka 2021 le 2022, phepelo ea lefats'e ea li-electrode tsa graphite e ne e feta 775 le lithane tse 61500 ka ho latellana.Kamora 2023, ho tla ba le khaello ea phepelo, ka lekhalo la lithane -08000, lithane tse 26300 le lithane -67300.
Ho tloha halofo ea bobeli ea 2020 ho fihlela ka January 2021, theko ea lefats'e ea "ultra-high-power graphite electrode" e fokotsehile ho tloha ho 27000 / t ho ea ho 24000 / T. ka theko ea hajoale.Ka 2021, tlhoko ea lefats'e ea li-electrode tsa graphite tsa matla a phahameng haholo e tla eketseha, haholo-holo ho futhumatsa kantle ho naha ho lebelletsoe ho tsoela pele ho hohela tlhoko ea graphite ea matla a holimo, mme sekhahla sa ho qala ha graphite electrode se tla tsoela pele ho nyoloha.Ho lebeletsoe hore theko ea UHP graphite electrode ka 2021 e tla eketsoa ho 26000 / t ka halofo ea bobeli ea selemo, 'me phaello e tla eketsoa ho 3922-4067 yuan / ton.Ka keketseho e tsoelang pele ea tlhokahalo ea kakaretso ea li-electrode tsa graphite tsa matla a phahameng haholo nakong e tlang, sebaka sa phaello se tla eketseha le ho feta.
Ho tloha ka January2021, theko ea lefats'e ea motlakase o tloaelehileng oa graphite electrode ke 11500-12500 yuan / ton.Ho ea ka theko ea hona joale le theko ea 'maraka, phaello ea electrode e tloaelehileng ea graphite e hakanngoa hore ke -264-1404 yuan / ton, e ntseng e le boemong ba tahlehelo.Theko ea hajoale ea electrode ea graphite e nang le matla a tloaelehileng e nyolohile ho tloha ho 10000 yuan / ton karolong ea boraro ea 2020 ho ea ho 12500 yuan / T. ka ho hlaphoheloa butle-butle ha moruo oa lefats'e, haholo-holo tlas'a leano la carbon neutralization, tlhokahalo ea tšepe ea sebōpi e potlakile. e eketseha, 'me tšebeliso ea tšepe ea tšepe e ntse e eketseha,' me tlhokahalo ea electrode e tloaelehileng ea graphite e tla boela e phahame haholo.Ho lebeletsoe hore theko ea electrode ea graphite e nang le matla a tloaelehileng e tla phahamisetsoa ho feta litšenyehelo karolong ea boraro ea 2021, 'me phaello e tla phethahala.Ka tlhoko ea lefats'e ea li-electrode tsa graphite tsa matla a akaretsang a ntse a eketseha kamoso, sebaka sa phaello se tla hola butle-butle.
4. mokhoa oa tlhōlisano oa indasteri ea graphite electrode Chaena
Bohareng ba indasteri ea li-electrode tsa graphite ke baetsi ba li-electrode tsa graphite, ba nang le likhoebo tse ikemetseng e le barupeluoa.Tlhahiso ea li-electrode tsa graphite ea Chaena e etsa karolo ea 50% ea tlhahiso ea lefats'e ea li-electrode tsa graphite.Joalo ka khoebo e etelletseng pele indastering ea li-electrode tsa graphite tsa China, karolo ea mmaraka ea elektrode ea graphite ea lisekoere tsa carbon graphite naheng ea China e feta 20%, 'me matla a graphite electrode ke karolo ea boraro lefatšeng.Mabapi le boleng ba sehlahisoa, likhoebo tse ka sehloohong indastering ea li-electrode tsa graphite naheng ea China li na le tlholisano e matla ea machaba, 'me litlhaloso tsa tekheniki tsa lihlahisoa li fihla boemong ba lihlahisoa tse tšoanang tsa bahlolisani ba kantle ho naha.Ho na le delamination 'marakeng oa li-electrode tsa graphite.Mmaraka oa "ultra-high-power graphite electrode" o lula haholo ke likhoebo tse holimo indastering, 'me likhoebo tse' ne tse holimo li nka karolo e fetang 80% ea karolo ea mmaraka ea 'maraka oa UHP graphite electrode,' me khatello ea indasteri e batla e lekana. pepeneneng.
'Marakeng oa motlakase oa graphite electrode, likhoebo tse kholo tsa li-electrode tsa graphite tse bohareng li na le matla a matla a ho buisana le indasteri ea ho etsa litšepe tse tlase,' me li hloka bareki ba tlase ho lefa ho isa thepa ntle le ho fana ka nako ea akhaonto.Li-electrode tsa matla a phahameng le tse tloaelehileng tsa graphite li na le moeli o tlase oa tekheniki, tlholisano e matla ea 'maraka le tlholisano e hlahelletseng ea litheko.Mmarakeng oa matla a phahameng le a tloaelehileng a matla a graphite electrode, o shebaneng le indasteri ea ho etsa tšepe e nang le mahloriso a phahameng ho theosa le noka, likhoebo tse nyane le tse mahareng tsa graphite electrode li na le matla a fokolang a thekeng ho ea tlase, e le ho fa bareki nako ea akhaonto kapa fokotsa litheko ho qothisana lehlokoa le 'maraka.Ntle le moo, ka lebaka la ts'ireletso ea tikoloho e tiisang lintlha, matla a likhoebo tse mahareng a fokola haholo, 'me sekhahla sa ts'ebeliso ea matla ea indasteri se ka tlase ho 70%.Likhoebo tse ling li bile li bonahala e le mohlolo oa ho laeloa hore li emise tlhahiso ka ho sa feleng.Haeba katleho ea indasteri ea ho qhibilihisa ea tšepe, phosphorus e mosehla le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa indasteri tse ka tlaase ho graphite electrode e fokotseha, tlhokahalo ea 'maraka oa graphite electrode e fokotsehile,' me theko ea graphite electrode ha e nyolohe haholo, ho eketseha ha litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso ho tla lebisa. ho pholoha ha likhoebo tse nyane le tse mahareng ntle le tlholisano ea mantlha, 'me butle-butle li tsoe 'marakeng kapa li fumanoe ka li-electrode tse kholo tsa graphite kapa likhoebo tsa tšepe.
Ka mor'a 2017, ka keketseho e potlakileng ea phaello ea ho etsa tšepe ea sebōpi sa motlakase, tlhokahalo le theko ea electrode ea graphite bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka sebōpi sa motlakase le tsona li ile tsa eketseha ka potlako.Phaello e kholo ea indasteri ea li-electrode ea graphite e eketsehile haholo.Likhoebo tsa indasteri li ekelitse tekanyo ea tsona ea tlhahiso.Likhoebo tse ling tse tlohetseng 'maraka li kentsoe tšebetsong butle-butle.Ho tsoa ho kakaretso ea li-electrode tsa graphite, khatello ea indasteri e fokotsehile.Ho nka mohlala oa k'habone e ka sehloohong ea graphite electrode e le mohlala, karolo ea eona ea 'maraka ka kakaretso e theohile ho tloha ho 30% ka 2016 ho ea ho hoo e ka bang 25% ka 2018. Leha ho le joalo, mabapi le lihlopha tse khethehileng tsa lihlahisoa tsa graphite electrode, tlhōlisano' marakeng oa indasteri e na le e arotsoe.Ka lebaka la litlhoko tse phahameng tsa tekheniki tsa li-electrode tsa graphite tse phahameng haholo, karolo ea mmaraka ea lihlahisoa tse matla haholo e ntlafatsoa le ho feta ka ho lokolla matla a tlhahiso ea likhoebo tse kholo tsa indasteri tse nang le matla a tšoanang a tekheniki, 'me likhoebo tse' nè tse holimo li ikarabella bakeng sa. ho feta 80% ea karolo ea mmaraka ea lihlahisoa tsa matla a holimo.Mabapi le matla a tloaelehileng le elektrode e phahameng ea graphite e nang le litlhoko tse tlase tsa tekheniki, tlholisano 'marakeng e matlafatsoa butle-butle ka lebaka la ho ikopanya hape ha likhoebo tse nyane le tse mahareng tse nang le matla a fokolang a tekheniki le katoloso ea tlhahiso.
Kamora lilemo tse mashome tsa nts'etsopele, ka kenyelletso ea theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea li-electrode tsa graphite, likhoebo tse kholo tsa li-electrode tsa graphite naheng ea China li tsebile theknoloji ea mantlha ea tlhahiso ea li-electrode tsa graphite.Theknoloji ea tlhahiso le boemo ba theknoloji ea li-electrode tsa graphite li bapisoa le tsa bahlolisani ba mose ho maoatle, 'me ka melemo ea ts'ebetso ea theko e phahameng, likhoebo tsa China tsa graphite electrode li ntse li tsoela pele ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa tlholisanong ea 'maraka oa lefatše.
5. litlhahiso tsa lichelete
Qetellong ea phepelo, indasteri ea li-electrode tsa graphite e ntse e na le sebaka sa ntlafatso, ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le moeli oa tlhahiso li eketsa karolo ea tšepe ea sebōpi sa motlakase, 'me tsoelo-pele ka kakaretso ea indasteri ea li-electrode ea graphite e ntle.Ka lehlakoreng la tlhokahalo, molemong oa ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla, bokamoso ba lithane tse 100-150 UHP EAF ke tataiso e kholo ea nts'etsopele, 'me nts'etsopele ea UHP EAF ke mokhoa o akaretsang.Joalo ka e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa mantlha tsa UHP EAF, tlhoko ea li-electrode tse kholo tsa matla a holimo-limo e lebelletsoe ho eketseha le ho feta.
Katleho ea indasteri ea li-electrode ea graphite e theohile lilemong tse peli tse fetileng.Ts'ebetso ea lik'hamphani tsa li-electrode tsa graphite tsa malapeng li theohile haholo ka 2020. Indasteri ka kakaretso e boemong ba tebello e tlaase le ea bohlokoa.Leha ho le joalo, re lumela hore ka ntlafatso ea likarolo tsa motheo tsa indasteri le ho khutla butle-butle ha theko ea electrode ea graphite ho ea boemong bo loketseng, ts'ebetso ea likhoebo tse etellang pele indastering e tla rua molemo ka botlalo ho tsoa ho botlaaseng ba graphite. maraka oa li-electrode.Nakong e tlang, Chaena e na le sebaka se seholo sa nts'etsopele ea ts'ebetso e khutšoanyane ea tšepe, e tla ruisa molemo nts'etsopele ea electrode ea graphite bakeng sa EAF ea nako e khutšoanyane.Ho khothaletsoa hore likhoebo tse etelletseng pele lefapheng la li-electrode tsa graphite li lokela ho tsepamisa maikutlo.
6. malebela a kotsi
Karolo ea indasteri ea ho etsa litšepe tsa sebōpi sa motlakase Chaena ha e ea lekana kamoo ho neng ho lebeletsoe kateng, 'me theko ea thepa e tala bakeng sa electrode ea graphite e fetoha haholo.
Nako ea poso: Apr-13-2021