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Habka firfircoonida jirka iyo kiimikada
Habka firfircoonida jirka iyo kiimikaad waxaa loola jeedaa habka diyaarinta walxaha daloolka leh iyadoo la isku darayo labada hab ee kor ku xusan. Guud ahaan, firfircoonida kiimikada ayaa la sameeyaa marka hore, ka dibna firfircoonida jirka ayaa la sameeyaa. Marka hore ku qooy cellulose 68% ~ 85% H3PO4 xal 85 ℃ ah 2h, ka dibna carbonized foornada muffle for 4h, ka dibna waxa ay ku hawlgelisaa CO2. Aagga dusha gaarka ah ee kaarboonka firfircoon ee la helay wuxuu ahaa 3700m2 · g-1. Isku day inaad u isticmaasho fiber sisal ah walxo ceeriin ah, oo aad kicisay fibre kaarboon firfircoon (ACF) ee ay heshay H3PO4 firfircoonida hal mar, ku kululee 830℃ iyadoo hoos timaada ilaalinta N2, ka dibna u adeegsatay uumiga biyaha sidii firfircooniye firfircooni labaad. Aagga dusha gaarka ah ee ACF ee la helay ka dib 60min ee firfircoonida ayaa si weyn loo hagaajiyay.
Tilmaamaha qaab dhismeedka daldaloolada ee waxqabadka firfircoonkaarboon
Hababka sifaynta kaarboonka firfircoon ee inta badan la isticmaalo iyo tilmaamaha codsiga ayaa lagu muujiyay shaxda 2. Sifooyinka qaab dhismeedka daloolada ee maaddada waxaa lagu tijaabin karaa laba dhinac: falanqaynta xogta iyo falanqaynta sawirka.
Horumarka cilmi baarista tignoolajiyada hagaajinta qaab dhismeedka daldaloolada ee kaarboonka firfircoon
Inkasta oo kaarboonka firfircooni uu leeyahay daldaloolo qani ah iyo meel sare oo gaar ah, waxay leedahay waxqabad aad u fiican meelo badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyada oo ay sabab u tahay xulashada alaabta ceeriin ballaaran iyo xaaladaha diyaarinta adag, alaabta la dhammeeyey guud ahaan waxay leeyihiin faa'iido darrooyinka qaab dhismeedka daldaloolada fowdo, aagga dusha kala duwan ee gaarka ah, qaybinta cabbirka daloolka cilladaysan, iyo hantida kiimikada dusha xaddidan. Sidaa darteed, waxaa jira faa'iido darrooyin sida qiyaasta weyn iyo la qabsiga cidhiidhiga ah ee habka codsiga, kaas oo aan buuxin karin shuruudaha suuqa. Sidaa darteed, waa muhiimad wax ku ool ah oo aad u weyn in la hagaajiyo lana xakameeyo qaab-dhismeedka lana wanaajiyo waxqabadkeeda ka faa'iidaysiga dhamaystiran. Hababka sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo hagaajinta iyo habaynta qaab dhismeedka daldaloolada waxaa ka mid ah nidaaminta kiimikaad, isku darka polymer, iyo nidaamka kicinta kicinta.
Tiknoolajiyada xakamaynta kiimikada
Tiknoolajiyada sharciyeynta kiimikada waxaa loola jeedaa habka firfircoonida sare (wax ka beddelka) ee walxaha daloolada ah ee la helay ka dib markii la dhaqaajiyo reagents kiimikaad, baabi'inta daloolada asalka ah, ballaarinta micropores, ama sii abuurista micropores cusub si loo kordhiyo aagga dusha gaarka ah iyo qaab dhismeedka daloolada ee walxaha. Guud ahaan, badeecada la dhammeeyey ee hal hawl-qabad ayaa guud ahaan lagu dhex milmay 0.5 ~ 4 jeer xal kiimiko ah si loo xakameeyo qaab dhismeedka daloolka iyo kordhinta aagga dusha gaarka ah. Dhammaan noocyada aashitada iyo xalalka alkali waxaa loo isticmaali karaa dib-u-hawlgalayaasha firfircoonida labaad.
Tignoolajiyada wax ka beddelka oksaydhka dusha sare ee acid
Beddelka oksaydhka dusha sare ee aysiidhka waa hab caadi ah oo la isticmaalo. Heerkul ku habboon, oksaydhiyeyaasha asiidhku waxay kobcin karaan daldaloolada gudaha kaarboonka firfircoon, waxay wanaajisaa cabbirkeeda daloolkeeda, waxayna ka takhalusi kartaa daloolka xannibay. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, cilmi-baarista gudaha iyo dibedda waxay inta badan diiradda saartaa wax ka beddelka asiidhyada inorganic. HN03 waa oksaydhiyaha inta badan la isticmaalo, culimo badana waxay isticmaalaan HN03 si ay wax uga beddelaan kaarboonka firfircoon. Tong Li iyo al. [28] waxay ogaatay in HN03 ay kordhin karto waxyaabaha ku jira oksijiinta-ka kooban iyo kooxaha shaqada ee nitrogen-ka kooban ee dusha sare ee kaarboonka firfircoon iyo hagaajinta saameynta adsorption ee meerkuriga.
Wax ka beddelka kaarboonka firfircoon ee HN03, wax ka beddelka ka dib, aagga gaarka ah ee kaarboonka firfircoon ayaa hoos uga dhacay 652m2 · g-1 ilaa 241m2 · g-1, celceliska cabbirka daloolka wuxuu ka kordhay 1.27nm ilaa 1.641nm, iyo awoodda xayeysiinta ee benzophenone shidaal la isku daray ayaa kordhay 33.7%. Wax ka beddelka kaarboonka firfircoon ee alwaax leh 10% iyo 70% xoojinta mugga HN03, siday u kala horreeyaan. Natiijooyinka waxay muujinayaan in aagga gaarka ah ee kaarboonka firfircoon ee wax laga beddelay 10% HN03 uu kordhay 925.45m2 · g-1 ilaa 960.52m2 · g-1; ka dib markii la bedelay 70% HN03, aagga gaarka ah ee dusha sare ayaa hoos u dhacay 935.89m2 · g-1. Heerarka ka saarista Cu2+ ee kaarboonka firfircoon ee lagu beddelay laba xajmi ee HN03 ayaa ka sarreeya 70% iyo 90%, siday u kala horreeyaan.
Kaarboonka firfircoon ee loo isticmaalo goobta xayeysiinta, saameynta xayeysiinta waxay kuxirantahay kaliya qaab dhismeedka daloolka laakiin sidoo kale astaamaha kiimikada dusha sare ee adsorbent. Qaab dhismeedka daloolku wuxuu go'aamiyaa aagga gaarka ah ee dusha sare iyo awoodda xayeysiinta ee kaarboonka firfircoon, halka sifooyinka kiimikaad ee dusha sare ay saameeyaan isdhexgalka ka dhexeeya kaarboonka firfircoon iyo adsorbate. Ugu dambeyntii waxaa la ogaaday in wax ka beddelka aashitada ee kaarboonka firfircooni ma hagaajin karo oo kaliya qaabka daloolada gudaha kaarboonka firfircoon ee nadiifinta daloolada xannibay, laakiin sidoo kale waxay kordhisaa maadada kooxaha acidic ee dusha sare ee walxaha waxayna kor u qaadaan polarity iyo hydrophilicity ee dusha sare. . Awoodda xayeysiinta ee EDTA ee kaarboonka firfircoon ee ay wax ka beddeshay HCI ayaa kordhay 49.5% marka la barbar dhigo taas ka hor wax-ka-beddelka, taas oo ka wanaagsan tii wax ka beddelka HNO3.
Kaarboonka firfircoon ee ganacsi ee la beddelay ee HNO3 iyo H2O2 siday u kala horreeyaan! Meelaha dusha sare ee gaarka ah ka dib wax-ka-beddelku waxay ahaayeen 91.3% iyo 80.8% kuwii ka hor wax-ka-beddelka, siday u kala horreeyaan. Kooxo cusub oo ka kooban ogsijiin sida karboxyl, carbonyl iyo phenol ayaa lagu daray oogada. Awoodda xayeysiinta ee nitrobenzene ee wax ka beddelka HNO3 ayaa ahaa tan ugu fiican, taas oo ahayd 3.3 jeer ka hor inta aan wax laga beddelin.Waxaa la ogaaday in kororka maadada oksijiin-ku-jirta ee kooxaha shaqeynaya ee kaarboonka firfircoon ka dib markii isbeddelka acid uu horseeday kororka tirada dusha sare. dhibcaha firfircoon, kuwaas oo saameyn toos ah ku yeeshay hagaajinta awoodda xayeysiinta ee adsorbate bartilmaameedka.
Marka la barbar dhigo asiidhka inorganic, waxaa jira warbixino yar oo ku saabsan beddelka aashitada organic ee kaarboon firfircoon. Is barbar dhig saamaynta wax ka beddelka aashitada organic ee sifooyinka qaab dhismeedka daldaloolada ee kaarboonka firfircoon iyo xayeysiinta methanol. Wax ka beddelka ka dib, aagga gaarka ah ee dusha sare iyo wadarta mugga daloolka kaarboonka firfircoon ayaa hoos u dhacay. Marka aysiidhku sii xoogaystaan, way sii yaraanaysaa. Ka dib markii la beddelo oxalic acid, tartaric acid iyo citric acid, aagga gaarka ah ee kaarboonka firfircoon ayaa hoos u dhacay 898.59m2 · g-1 ilaa 788.03m2 · g-1, 685.16m2 · g-1 iyo 622.98m2 · g-1 siday u kala horreeyaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, microporosity-ka kaarboonka firfircoon ayaa kordhay ka dib markii la beddelo. Microporosity-ka kaarboonka firfircoon ee lagu beddelay citric acid wuxuu ka kordhay 75.9% ilaa 81.5%.
Oxalic acid iyo tartaric acid wax ka beddelka ayaa faa'iido u leh xayeysiinta methanol, halka citric acid ay leedahay saameyn xannibaad ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, J.Paul Chen et al. [35] waxay ogaatay in kaarboonka firfircoon ee lagu beddelay citric acid ay kor u qaadi karto xayeysiinta ions copper. Lin Tang iyo al. [36] Kaarboon firfircoon oo wax-ka-beddelay oo leh formic acid, oxalic acid iyo aminosulfonic acid. Wax ka beddelka ka dib, aagga dusha gaarka ah iyo mugga daloolka ayaa la dhimay. Kooxo shaqaynaya oo ogsajiin ka kooban sida 0-HC-0, C-0 iyo S=0 ayaa laga sameeyay dusha alaabta la dhammeeyay, waxaana soo baxay kanallo aan sinnayn iyo kiristaalo cad. Awoodda adsorption dheelitirka ee acetone iyo isopropanol ayaa sidoo kale si weyn u kordhay.
Tignoolajiyada wax ka beddelka xalka alkaline
Qaar ka mid ah culimada ayaa sidoo kale isticmaalay xalalka alkaline si ay u sameeyaan firfircoonida labaad ee kaarboonka firfircoon. Kaarboonka firfircoon ee dhuxusha-ku-saleysan ee guriga lagu sameeyo ku dheji xal Na0H oo ah uruurin kala duwan si loo xakameeyo qaab dhismeedka daloolka. Natiijooyinku waxay muujiyeen in fiirsashada alkali ee hoose ay ku habboon tahay kororka daloolka iyo ballaarinta. Saamaynta ugu fiican ayaa la gaadhay markii xooga la saaray 20%. Kaarboonka firfircooni wuxuu lahaa meesha ugu sarreysa ee gaarka ah (681m2 · g-1) iyo mugga daloolka (0.5916cm3 · g-1). Marka qiyaasta tirada badan ee Na0H ay dhaafto 20%, qaab dhismeedka daloolka kaarboonka firfircoon waa la burburiyaa iyo cabbirada qaab dhismeedka daloolku waxay bilaabaan inay yareeyaan. Tani waa sababta oo ah xoojinta sare ee xalalka Na0H waxay burburin doontaa qalfoofka kaarboonka iyo tiro badan oo daloolo ah ayaa dumi doona.
Diyaarinta kaarboon firfircoon ee waxqabadka sare leh iyadoo la isku dardarinayo polymer. Horudhacayaashu waxay ahaayeen resin furfural iyo alkohol furfuryl, iyo ethylene glycol waxay ahayd wakiilka daldabada sameeya. Qaab dhismeedka daldaloolada waxaa lagu xakameynayay hagaajinta nuxurka saddexda polymers, iyo walxo dalool leh oo cabbirkoodu yahay inta u dhaxaysa 0.008 iyo 5 μm ayaa la helay. Culimada qaarkood waxay caddeeyeen in filimka polyurethane-imide (PUI) uu noqon karo carbonized si loo helo filimka kaarboonka, iyo qaab dhismeedka daloolka waxaa lagu xakameyn karaa iyada oo la beddelayo qaabka molecular ee polyurethane (PU) prepolymer [41]. Marka PUI lagu kululeeyo 200°C, PU iyo polyimide (PI) ayaa la soo saari doonaa. Marka heerkulka daawaynta kulaylku kor u kaco ilaa 400 ° C, PU pyrolysis waxay soo saartaa gaas, taasoo keentay samaynta qaab dhismeedka daloolka filimka PI. Kaarboonization ka dib, filim kaarboon ah ayaa la helaa. Intaa waxaa dheer, habka isku-dhafka polymer wuxuu sidoo kale wanaajin karaa qaar ka mid ah sifooyinka jireed iyo farsamada ee walxaha ilaa xad
Tiknoolajiyada nidaaminta firfircoonida ee catalytic
Tiknoolajiyada nidaaminta firfircoonida ee catalytic dhab ahaantii waa isku darka habka kicinta kiimikada iyo habka firfircoonida heerkulka sare. Guud ahaan, walxaha kiimikaad ah ayaa lagu daraa alaabta ceeriin si kiciyayaal ah, kiciyayaasha waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu caawiyo kaarboonaynta ama habka hawlgelinta si loo helo walxaha kaarboonka daloolsan. Guud ahaan marka loo hadlo, biraha guud ahaan waxay leeyihiin saameyn kicin, laakiin saamaynta kicinta ayaa kala duwan.
Dhab ahaantii, inta badan ma jiro soohdin cad oo udhaxeeya nidaamka kicinta kiimikada iyo habaynta firfircoonida kicinta ee walxaha daloolka leh. Tani waa sababta oo ah labada habba waxay ku daraan reagents inta lagu jiro kaarboonaynta iyo habka hawlgelinta. Doorka gaarka ah ee reagen-yaashan ayaa go'aaminaya in habka uu ka tirsan yahay qaybta firfircoonida kicinta.
Qaab dhismeedka maaddada kaarboonka daloolsan lafteeda, sifooyinka jidheed iyo kiimikaad ee kicinta, xaaladaha falcelinta kicinta iyo habka rarka kicinta ayaa dhammaantood yeelan kara heerar kala duwan oo saameyn ku leh saamaynta nidaaminta. Isticmaalka dhuxusha bituminous sida walxo ceeriin ah, Mn(N03)2 iyo Cu(N03)2 sida kicinta waxay diyaarin karaan walxo dalool leh oo ay ku jiraan oksaydhyada birta ah. Qadarka saxda ah ee oksaydhyada birta ah waxay hagaajin kartaa porosity iyo mugga daloolka, laakiin saamaynta kicinta ee biraha kala duwan ayaa waxyar ka duwan. Cu(N03)2 waxay kor u qaadi kartaa horumarinta daldaloolada inta u dhaxaysa 1.5 ~ 2.0nm. Intaa waxaa dheer, oksaydhyada birta ah iyo cusbada aan organic ahayn ee ku jira dambaska alaabta ceeriin waxay sidoo kale ka ciyaari doonaan door firfircoon habka firfircoonida. Xie Qiang iyo al. [42] waxa la rumaysan yahay in falcelinta firfircoonida kicinta ee curiyeyaasha sida kalsiyumka iyo birta ee walxaha aan noolaha ahayn ay kor u qaadi karaan horumarinta daloolada. Marka nuxurka labadan walxood uu aad u sarreeyo, saamiga dhexdhexaadka ah iyo daloolada waaweyn ee alaabta ayaa si weyn u kordheysa.
Gabagabo
Inkasta oo kaarboonka firfircoon, oo ah kan ugu ballaadhan ee loo isticmaalo kaarboonka daloosha cagaaran, ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaaray warshadaha iyo nolosha, haddana waxay leedahay karti weyn oo lagu horumarinayo ballaarinta alaabta ceeriin, dhimista qiimaha, horumarinta tayada, horumarinta tamarta, kordhinta nolosha iyo hagaajinta xoogga. . Helitaanka tayo sare leh oo raqiis ah alaabta ceeriin kaarboon firfircoon, horumarinta tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka kaarboon nadiif ah oo hufan firfircoon, iyo hagaajinta iyo habaynta qaab dhismeedka daldaloolada ee carbon firfircoon sida ay beeraha codsiga kala duwan waxay noqon doontaa jihada muhiimka ah ee hagaajinta tayada alaabta kaarboon firfircoon iyo kor u qaadida. horumarinta tayada sare leh ee warshadaha kaarboonka ee firfircoon.
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-27-2024